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Comparative study on the annual performance between loop thermosyphon solar water heating system and conventional solar water heating system
بررسی مقایسه ای عملکرد سالانه بین سیستم گرمایش آب خورشیدی حلقه ترموسیفون و سیستم گرمایش آب خورشیدی معمولی-2020 Loop thermosyphon (LT) is usually introduced to overcome the freezing and corrosion problems associated with
the conventional solar water heating (SWH) system. Compared with the conventional SWH system, the LT-SWH
system possesses a lower nighttime heat loss because of the thermal diode property of loop thermpsyphon but
bigger daytime heat loss because of the secondary heat exchange. However, the effect of above interaction to the
system performance is rarely reported based on long-term running. In this study, based on the typical meteorological
year data of Fuzhou city, annual performances of above two systems, including the effective number of
supplying days, effective heat gain and nighttime heat loss, are comparatively analyzed under two different
operational modes. Variations of above mentioned variables with the increment in the set temperature are
discussed. The results indicate that, under the discontinuous heating mode, the effective numbers of supplying
days of SWH system and LT-SWH system are 139 and 153, respectively. While the numbers of days are respectively
168 and 173 under the continuous heating mode. The SWH system possesses an expected bigger
nighttime heat loss ratio with an average annual value of 15.07% corresponding to 6.15% for the LT-SWH
system. Particularly, for the LT-SWH system, the different relative magnitudes of heat loss coefficients functioning
at different times leads to a smaller temperature drop at night and also a smaller temperature rise at the
subsequent day. It generates an unanticipated results that corresponds to the same month from November to
April, the two systems have the approximate effective heat gain. The set temperature significantly influences the
relative magnitudes of annual effective number of supplying days and annual effective heat gain, the superiority
of LT-SWH system gradually diminishes and even reverses with the increment in the set temperature. The bigger
daytime heat loss dominating the dominance is responsible for that transition. Combining with a longer static
payback period, it is conditional to substitute the conventional SWH system with the LT-SWH system, especially
when the water temperature on demand is high. Keywords: Solar water heating system | Loop thermosyphon solar water heating system | Typical meteorological year | Effective heat gain | Nighttime heat loss |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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ForeStatistics: A windows-based feature-rich software program for performing statistics in forensic DNA analysis, paternity and relationship testing
ForeStatistics: یک برنامه نرم افزاری سرشار از ویژگی های ویندوز برای انجام آمار در تجزیه و تحلیل پزشکی قانونی ، اصلیت و آزمایش رابطه-2020 Forensic science is one of the most modern and applied fields of science, today and comprises of various
domains. These include Fingerprints analysis, Questioned document analysis, Forensic DNA and serology,
Anthropometry, Cyber and Digital forensics, and many other fields. All these fields aid the process of
decision making in the courts of law and legal settings; however, DNA profiling and its analyses are one of
the most important aspects of forensic science today. In Forensic DNA analysis, the statistical calculations
are very important to estimate the conclusiveness of DNA evidence in forensic cases; and to establish
paternity and relatedness in civil and criminal matters. These statistics, when performed manually, leave
a chance of error or ambiguity in the calculation, and are hectic and time-taking. Therefore, the
computer-aided approaches are opted in forensics to perform DNA statistics calculations. Keeping its
importance in mind, a highly accurate windows-based software program namely ForeStatistics is
proposed in this study. ForeStatistics is rich in features such as DNA statistical calculations, DNA profile
management and its matching. The software can estimate random match probabilities for single-source
profiles, combined probability of inclusion for mixed profiles, paternity index of a disputed child in duo
and trio cases, paternity of the disputed child when the alleged father is related to mother or biological
father and relatedness in cases of grandparents/grandchild, avuncular relation and cousin. It is validated
through different protocols and the validation of ForeStatistics depicts that it is highly accurate in terms
of performing DNA statistics or DNA profile matching. Thus, it is concluded, that ForeStatistics has a great
utility in the field of Forensic DNA analysis and can help DNA scientists, in performing various DNA
related statistics.accurately and very efficiently. Keywords: ForeStatistics | DNA statistics | Genotyping | RMP | CPI | Likelihood | Paternity | Kinship | Sibship |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Dynamic supply adjustment and banking under uncertainty in an emission trading scheme: The market stability reserve
تنظیم پویای عرضه و بانکداری تحت عدم قطعیت در یک طرح معاملات انتشار: ذخیره ثبات بازار-2019 Article history:Received 16 January 2018Accepted 24 May 2019Available online 4 June 2019Keywords:EU ETS ReformPolicy Responsiveness ResilienceSupply Management Mechanism Risk-AversionWe study the impact of a supply management mechanism (SMM) similar to the Market Stability Reserve proposed in 2015 which preserve the overall emissions cap and we com- ment on the recent cap-changing amendments. We provide an analytical description of the conditions under which an SMM alters the emissions abatement paths, affecting the expected length of the banking period and its variability. While abatement strategies of risk neutral firms solely depend on the former, for risk-averse firms changes in the latter would lead to higher risk premia, accelerated depletion of the bank and, consequently, fur- ther reduction of abatement and allowance prices. Cancellation of part of the reserve could partially outweigh the effect on risk premia sustaining allowance prices.© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Keywords: EU ETS Reform | Policy Responsiveness | Resilience | Supply Management Mechanism | Risk-Aversion |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Extender osmolality, glycerol and egg yolk on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa for gamete banking of the Cantabric Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva)
Extender osmolality, glycerol and egg yolk on the cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa for gamete banking of the Cantabric Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva)-2019 Germplasm banking is a key technology enabling the ex-situ conservation of wild species. However, cryopreservation protocols must be tested to assure the applicability of the banked material. The objective of this study was defining a range of parameters for the composition of a semen extender for Cantabrian chamois epididymal spermatozoa (post-mortem collection). The freezing extender was based in a TES-Tris-fructose buffer, modifying its composition in three experiments: Osmolality of the buffer (320, 380 or 430 mOsm/kg, 8% glycerol, 15% egg yolk), glycerol (4 or 8%, 430 mOsm/kg, 15% egg yolk), egg yolk (10 or 15%, 430 mOsm/kg, 4% glycerol). Sperm was extended at 100 mill. spermatozoa/ml, cooled at 5 ○ C and frozen at —20 ○ C/min. Sperm quality was assessed pre and post-thawing (CASA, HOS test, abnormal forms, cytoplasmic droplets, and viability and acrosomal damage by flow cytometry). Freez- ability was good overall, with total motility of 65.5% ± 2.4 initial and 55.8% ± 2.4 post-thawing. The ex- tenders affected the post-thaw sperm quality marginally. Whereas osmolalities and glycerol concentrations seemed not to differ, 430 mOsm/kg and 4% glycerol might be preferred. Egg yolk con- centrations only differed on sperm velocity (VCL: 84.0 ± 6.7 mm/s in 10% vs. 70.7 ± 6.2 mm/s in 15%, P < 0.05). Our results suggest a good cryotolerance of chamois epididymal spermatozoa, with a preferred extender composition of hyperosmotic buffer, glycerol in the 4% range and lower egg yolk (10% range) than other ruminants.© 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords : Cantabrian chamois | Cryopreservation | Epididymal spermatozoa | Extender | Osmolality | Glycerol |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Potential benefits of drought and heat tolerance for adapting maize to climate change in tropical environments
منافع بالقوه خشکسالی و حد گرما برای سازگاری ذرت با تغییرات آب و هوایی در محیط های گرمسیری-2018 Climate change and population growth pose great challenges to the food security of the millions of people who grow maize in the already fragile agricultural systems in tropical environments. There is an urgent need for maize varieties that are both drought and heat tolerant given the already prevailing drought and heat stress levels in many tropical environments, which are set to exacerbate with climate change. In this study, the crop growth simulation model for maize (CERES-Maize) was used to quantify the impact of climate change on maize and the potential benefits of incorporating drought and heat tolerance into the commonly grown (benchmark) maize varieties at six sites in Eastern and Southern Africa and one site in South Asia. Simulation results indicate that climate change will have a negative impact on maize yield at all the sites studied but the degree of the impact varies with location, level of warming and rainfall changes. Combined hotter and drier climate change scenarios (involving increases in warming with a reduction in rainfall) resulted in greater average simulated maize yield reduction (21, 33 and 50% under 1, 2 and 4 °C warming, respectively) than hotter only climate change scenarios (11, 21 and 41%, respectively). Incorporating drought, heat and combined drought & heat tolerance into benchmark varieties increased simulated maize yield under both the baseline and future climates. The average simulated benefit from combined drought & heat tolerance was at least twice that of heat or drought tolerance and it increased with the increase in warming levels. The magnitude of the simulated benefits from drought tolerance, heat tolerance and combined drought & heat tolerance and potential acceptability of the varieties by farmers varied across sites and climate scenarios indicating the need for proper targeting of varieties where they fit best and benefit most. It is concluded that incorporating drought and heat tolerance into maize germplasm has the potential to offset predicted yield losses and sustain maize productivity under climate change in vulnerable sites.
keywords: Climate change |Maize |Drought tolerance |Heat tolerance |Tropical environments |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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بهینه سازی تعدادی از ارزیابی های بیماری سوختگی اولیه در گیاه گوجه فرنگی با استفاده از شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 18 سودمندی شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی (ANN) در حل مشکلات پیچیده، به بهینه سازی فرآیندهای ارزیابی بیماری سوختگی اولیه در گیاهان گوجه فرنگی ، کاهش زمان و منابع مورد نیاز کمک می¬کند. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی بهره وری ANN برای پیش بینی سطح زیرین منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) و به منظور کاهش تعداد ارزیابی و ایجاد بهترین زمان برای ارزیابی بیماری سوختگی اولیه در گیاه گوجه است. شدت این بیماری در 135 گوجه فرنگی از بانک گیاهی ژرم پلاسم دانشگاه فدرال Vic¸osa (BGH-UFV) در سه آزمایش بررسی شد. سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) توسط داده¬ی شش ارزیابی شدت بیماری محاسبه شد. چند نوع ANN MLP (چند لایه پرسپترون)، با در نظر گرفتن ارزش AUDPC برای خروجی مورد نظر آموزش دیده بودند. ارزیابی اعداد و ترکیب های مختلف شدت بیماری سوختگی اولیه به عنوان ورودی استفاده شد. ANN در پیش بینی AUDPC کارآمد است و تعداد ارزیابی ها از 6 به 2 کاهش می یابد. بهترین زمان برای ارزیابی شدت بیماری سوختگی اولیه، روز دوازدهم و هجدهم پس از تلقیح پاتوژن می¬باشد. بهره وری ژنوتیپ و محیط زیست در پیش بینی AUDPC تاثیر می گذارد. ANN در پیش بینی سطح زیرین سوختگی اولیه¬ی در منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (AUDPC) با ارزیابی کمتر کارآمد می¬باشد، و مشابه ارزیابی بهینه سازی شده این بیماری در گیاه گوجه فرنگی می¬باشد.
واژه های کلیدی: Alternaria tomatophila | هوش محاسباتی | ژنتیک | منابع | Solanum lycopersicum |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
7 |
Tree Seed and Seedling Supply Systems: A Review of the Asia, Africa and Latin America Models
بذر درخت و سیستم های تامین نهال ها : مروری بر مدل آسیا، آفریقا و امریکا لاتین-2015 The paper reviews tree seed and seedling supply systems in sub-Saharan
Africa, Asia and Latin America. Across these regions, the review found that some of
the germplasm supply systems do not efficiently meet farmers’ demands and
environmental expectations in terms of productivity, species and genetic diversity.
In some countries, germplasm used is mostly sourced from undocumented sources
and often untested. Germplasm quality control systems are only found in a few
countries. Appreciation of the value of tree germplasm of high genetic quality is
low. Non-government organisations (NGOs) in many African countries play a
prominent role in the supply of germplasm which is usually given to farmers without charge. The practice of giving farmers free germplasm by NGOs in many
African countries and also government participation in germplasm supply in some
Asian countries has been blamed for crowding out private entrepreneurs, although
this is not substantiated by any evidence to suggest that the smallholder farmers are
willing and able to pay for the germplasm. In some Latin American countries,
private companies, government and NGOs provide farmers tree germplasm in a
partnership in which farmers provide land and labour in return. Overall, tree
germplasm markets are large in Asia, due in part to large afforestation programs,
intermediate in Latin America and small in Africa where smallholder farmers
constitute the market. In countries where germplasm quality control is practiced, it
is either through a legal framework or voluntary. A few countries in Africa, Asia
and Latin America have developed protocols for certification of tree seeds based on
the OECD. Some germplasm suppliers use branding as a way of differentiating their
germplasm as having superior quality. To enhance the use of high quality germplasm, there is a need to demonstrate the value of using such germplasm and raise
awareness of germplasm quality among the farmers and policy-makers.
Keywords : Germplasm quality | Species diversity | Genetic diversity | Certification | Branding | Markets |
مقاله انگلیسی |