دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Recession::صفحه 1
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نتیجه جستجو - Recession

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 51
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Tracking the northern seasonal cap retreat of mars using computer vision
ردیابی عقب نشینی کلاهک فصلی شمالی مریخ با استفاده از بینایی کامپیوتر-2022
Using polar stereographic images from the Mars Color Imager (MARCI), we use Python to autonomously track the Northern Polar Seasonal Cap (NPSC) recession from Mars Years (MY) 29 to MY 35 between Ls = 10° and Ls = 70°. We outline the cap and find an ellipse of best fit. We then compare our results to previously published recession rates, that were manually tracked, and find them to be consistent. Our process benefits from being automated, which increases the speed of tracking and allows us to monitor the recession with higher Ls fidelity than past studies. We find that most MYs have a local minimum recession rate at Ls = ~32° and a local maximum at Ls = ~51°. We also find that MY 30 experiences a rapid latitude increasing event that involves ~1° Ls of a rapid increase and ~5° Ls of slower recession, which then increases above the interannual average rate. We interpret this to be the result of a major sublimation driven by off-polar winds. We also discover divergent effects in the recession and size of the NPSC following the MY 28 and MY 35 global dust storms. MY 29’s cap is significantly smaller and retreats slower than the multi-year average, whereas MY 35’s cap is slighter larger and retreats very close to the average. We hypothesize that the diverging behavior of the caps in post-storm years can be a result of the differences in the date of onset and the duration of the storms.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Accounting for food availability reveals contaminant-induced breeding impairment, food-modulated contaminant effects, and endpoint-specificity of exposure indicators in free ranging avian populations
حسابداری برای دسترسی به مواد غذایی نشان دهنده اختلال پرورش ناشی از آلودگی، اثرات آلودگی مواد غذایی، و مشخصه نقطه انتهایی شاخص های قرار گرفتن در معرض جمعیت آزاد است-2021
It remains unclear how sub-lethal effects of contaminants play out in relation to other stressors encountered by free-ranging populations. Effects may be masked or influenced by interactions with field stressors such as food availability. We predicted that (1) including food availability, and particularly its interaction with Hg, would reveal or enhance associations between Hg and breeding endpoints. We further predicted that (2) breeding impairment associated with Hg would be higher under food stress conditions. We monitored Hg and nest success of great egrets (Ardea alba) in eight breeding colonies in the Florida Everglades over 11 years. We characterized variation in local food availability among colonies and years using fish biomass and recession range –a proxy to fish vulnerability. We used two Hg exposure indicators (egg albumen Hg and nestling feather Hg) and six breeding endpoints (clutch-size, brood-size, fledged-size, hatching success, post-hatching success and fledglings per egg) to assess whether variation in food availability influenced associations between Hg and these endpoints. Accounting for interactions between Hg and food availability, we identified statistically significant associations in all 12 indicator-endpoint combinations, while only three were detectable without food. Further, 10 combinations showed interactions between Hg and components of food availability. Our results also indicated an endpoint-specific affinity, with albumen [Hg] explaining more variation in hatching success while nestling feather [Hg] explained more variation in post-hatching survival. Both Hg indicators accounted for relevant (6–10%) amounts of variation in fledglings produced per egg laid, an integrative endpoint. Increased Hg exposure resulted in overall reduced reproductive success when food availability was low, but our models predicted low or no effects of increasing Hg exposure when food availability was high. Our results indicate that Hg induced impairment is strongly driven by food availability, providing a framework that accommodates previously contradictory results in the literature.
keywords: Egret | everglades | Methyl-mercury | Sub-lethal | Reproductive impairment | Hg | Great egret | Everglades
مقاله انگلیسی
3 American business cycles 1889–1913: An accounting approach
چرخه های تجاری آمریکا 1889-1913: یک رویکرد حسابداری-2021
This paper quantitatively investigates the Depression of the 1890s and the 1907 recession in the United States. Business Cycle Accounting decomposes economic fluctuations into their contributing factors. The results suggest that both the 1890s and the 1907 recessions were primarily caused by factors that affect the efficiency wedge, i.e. slumps in the economy’s factor productivity. Distortions to the labor wedge played a less important role. Models with financial market frictions that translate into the efficiency wedge are the most promising candidates for explaining the recessionary episodes.
keywords: Business cycles Depression of the 1890s | Recession of 1907
مقاله انگلیسی
4 A Requiem for ‘‘Blame It on Beijing” interpreting rotating global current account surpluses
مرثیه ای برای «سرزنش آن به گردن پکن» که در حال تفسیر جهانی در حال چرخش است مازاد حساب جاری-2021
Global current account imbalances have reappeared, although the extent and distribution of these imbalances are noticeably different from those experienced in the middle of the last decade. What does that recurrence mean for our understanding of the origin and nature of such imbalances? Will imbalances persist over time? Informed by empirical estimates of the determinants of current account imbalances encompassing the period after the global recession, we find that – as before – the observable manifestations of the factors driving the global saving glut have limited explanatory power for the time series variation in imbalances. Fiscal factors determine imbalances, and have accounted for a noticeable share of the recent variation in imbalances, including in the U.S. and Germany. For advanced economies, the financial component of the current account has been playing an increasing role in determining the movements of the account. Examining observable policy actions, it is clear that net official flows have been associated with some share of imbalances, although tracing out the motivations for intervention is difficult. Looking forward, it is clear that policy can influence global imbalances, although some component of the U.S. deficit will likely remain given the U.S. role in generating safe assets.
keywords: تعادل حساب جاری | دارایی های خارجی خالص | صرفه جویی | مروریسم | محافظت از خود | دارایی های ایمن | fi flows | Current account balance | Net foreign assets | Saving glut | Mercantilism | Self-protection | Safe assets | Official flows
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Accounting for U:S: economic growth 1954–2017
حسابداری برای U:S: رشد اقتصادی 1954-2017-2021
We perform a growth accounting exercise using the whole neoclassical growth model for the U.S. economy during 1954–2017. Our growth accounting exercise reveals that the U.S. extraordinary economic growth in the 1960s has been mainly driven by the increase of the labor efficiency, whereas the growth slowdowns in the 1970s and the first decade of 21st century were mainly driven by the decline in the capital efficiency. However, the reduction of the distortions on the labor supply driven the subsequent recoveries in the 1980s and after the Great Recession.
keywords: حسابداری رشد | گوه CAPITAL-E FFI | گوه Labor-e FFI | گوه کارگر | گوه سرمایه گذاری | گوه محدودیت منابع | بهره وری | سهم کار | ساعت کار کرد | Growth accounting | Capital-efficiency wedge | Labor-efficiency wedge | Labor wedge | Investment wedge | Resource constraint wedge | Productivity | Labor share | Hours worked
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Should the maximum duration of fixed-term contracts increase in recessions? Evidence from a law reform
آیا حداکثر مدت قراردادهای مدت معین در رکود باید افزایش یابد؟ شواهدی از اصلاح قانون-2020
Fixed-term labour contracts (FTCs) may be an important tool to promote employment, particularly in recessions and when dismissal costs of open-ended contracts are high. In this case, making FTCs more flexible during downturns may be useful. We assess this idea by examining the effects of a law that increased the maximum duration of FTCs in Portugal during the 2012 recession. Our analysis is based on regression-discontinuity and difference-in-differences methods and employer-employee panel data. We find a considerable take up of this measure, as conversions to permanent contracts drop by 20%. Worker churning is reduced, as mobility of eligible fixed-term workers to other firms drops by 10%. Employment also increases but only for younger workers.
Keywords: Employment law | Worker mobility | Labour segmentation | Policy evaluation
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Firm characteristics and capabilities that enable superior performance in recessions
ویژگی ها و قابلیت های محکم که عملکرد برتر را در دوران رکود اقتصادی امکان پذیر می کند-2020
Recessions are recurring events in which most firms suffer severe impacts while others are affected less or may even prosper. Notwithstanding, strategic management scholars have made little progress in understanding the reasons for these differences in performance, particularly in unstable macroeconomic environments such as Latin America. In this study, we link literatures on entrepreneurship and improvisation to create an integrative model that indicates characteristics and capabilities that enable a firm to adapt successfully to the recessionary en- vironment. We use survey data from Brazilian firms on the 2008–2009 global recession, and we find that the firms that have superior performance in recessions are those that had, before the recession, 1) a propensity to recognize opportunities and 2) improvisation capabilities for fast and creative actions. We also find a moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation.
Keywords: Recession | Opportunity | Improvisation | Entrepreneurship | Latin America
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Access to resources and entrepreneurial well-being: A self-efficacy approach
دسترسی به منابع و رفاه کارآفرینی: رویکرد خودکارآمدی-2020
In this study, we examine an important predictor and outcome associated with well-being for entrepreneurs: access to resources and persistence. Drawing on social-cognitive theory, we contend that access to resources helps people feel confidence in abilities to be successful entrepreneurs, resulting in greater well-being during venture development. We push the model further by hypothesizing that well-being is positively related to persistence in venture creation activities. Employing an experimental, vignette-based approach, we test the model by asking 258 subjects to consider how prospective entrepreneurs respond to varying contexts of resource accessibility (low vs. high) in terms of their self-efficacy, well-being, and persistence. Results of serial mediator regression analysis support the hypothesized model such that greater access to resources is associated with higher levels of multiple indicators of well-being such as happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological well- being through a self-efficacy mechanism. We also find that entrepreneurial persistence increases through this mechanism.
Keywords: Recession | Opportunity | Improvisation | Entrepreneurship | Latin America
مقاله انگلیسی
9 A strategic and global manufacturing capacity management optimisation model: A Scenario-based multi-stage stochastic programming approach
یک مدل بهینه سازی مدیریت تولید استراتژیک و جهانی: یک رویکرد برنامه نویسی تصادفی چند مرحله ای مبتنی بر سناریو-2020
Large-scale multinational manufacturing firms often require a significant investment in production capacity and extensive management efforts in strategic planning in an uncertain business environment. In this research we first discuss what decision terms and boundary conditions a holistic capacity management model for the manufacturing industry must contain. To better understand how these decision terms and constraints have been employed by the recent model developers in the area of capacity and resource management modelling for manufacturing, 69 optimisation-based (deterministic and stochastic) models have been carefully selected from 2000 to 2018 for a brief comparative analysis. The results of this comparison shows although applying uncertainty into capacity modelling (in stochastic form) has received a greater deal of attention most recently (since 2010), the existing stochastic models are yet very simplistic, and not all the strategic terms have been employed in the current model developments in the field. This lack of a holistic approach although is evident in deterministic models too, the existing stochastic counterparts proved to include much less decision terms and inclusive constraints, which limits them to a limited applications and may cause sub-optimal solutions. Employing this set of holistic decision terms and boundary conditions, this work develops a scenario-based multi-stage stochastic capacity management model, which is capable of modelling different strategic terms such as capacity level management (slight, medium and large capacity volume adjustment to increase/decrease capacity), location/relocation decisions, merge/decomposition options, and product management (R&D, new product launch, productto-plant and product-to-market allocation, and product phase-out management). Possibility matrix, production rates, different financial terms and international taxes, inflation rates, machinery depreciation, investment lead-time and product cycle-time are also embedded in the model in order to make it more practical, realistic and sensitive to strategic decisions and scenarios. A step-by-step open-box validation has been followed while designing the model and a holistic black-box validation plan has been designed and employed to widely validate the model. The model then has been verified by deploying a real-scaled case of Toyota Motors UK (TMUK) decision of mothballing one of their production lines in the UK after the global recession in 2010.
Keywords: Stochastic programming | Optimisation modelling | Capacity management | Manufacturing
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Return migration, crime, and electoral engagement in Mexico
بازگشت مهاجرت ، جرم و مشغله انتخاباتی در مکزیک-2020
Since 2006, the Great Recession and tighter migration policies in the U.S. have increased the rates of return migration to Mexico. Scholars debate whether high rates of return motivate greater electoral engagement via the democratic norms returnees may bring back with them. An alternative account holds that returnees are seen as dissimilar by their non-migrant co-nationals, causing returnees to disengage from politics. We contribute to this debate using municipal data on voter turnout and on rates of return migration for the case of Mexico from 2000 to 2010. Relying on an instrumental strategy that exploits migrants’ exposure to changes in unemployment rates as an exogenous predictor for return, we find robust evidence that high rates of return result in less electoral participation in presidential and local elections. Besides, electoral disengagement seems to be intensified by the presence of criminal violence, which surged during our period of analysis. Return migration may have a positive impact on other modes of political participation; but at least when it comes to voting, our research aligns with the pessimistic camp of the debate in that return migration increases electoral apathy.
مقاله انگلیسی
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