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نتیجه جستجو - Repetition

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 17
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Limitations on Transversal Gates for Hypergraph Product Codes
محدودیت در دروازه های عرضی برای کدهای محصول Hypergraph-2022
In a fault tolerant quantum computer, quantum codes are expected to serve the conflicting purposes of protecting quantum information while also allowing that information to be manipulated by fault-tolerant gates. We introduce a new technique for placing limitations on such gates, and apply this technique to a class of quantum codes known as hypergraph product codes contained within the vertical sector. These codes are constructed from input which is a pair of classical linear codes, and generalize the Kitaev surface code which is the hypergraph product of classical repetition codes. We provide a necessary condition on these input codes, under which the resulting hypergraph product code has transversal gates limited to the Clifford group. We conjecture that this condition is satisfied by all [n, k, d] Gallagher codes with d ≥ 3 and k ≤ n/2. This work is a generalization of an argument due to Bravyi and König, and we also conjecture this is a refinement of the recent notion of disjointness due to Jochym-O’Connor et al.
Index Terms: Computers and information processing | quantum computing.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Learning deep features for task-independent EEG-based biometric verification
یادگیری ویژگی های عمیق برای تأیید بیومتریک مبتنی بر EEG مستقل از وظیفه-2021
Face-based age estimation systems are commonly considered in biometric applications as well as in other fields such as forensics or healthcare. For security purposes, features extracted from the face can be used to verify or estimate the age of individuals in order to control their access to physical or logical resources. The main problem in using facial biometrics is its sensitivity, to acquisition (e.g. illumination, pose, occlusion, image quality, etc.), to face expression, and especially to potential attacks in unsupervised environments. In this work, we propose a robust modality using both random auditory stimulation and Deep-learning based age estimation, though individual perception (RaS-DeeP): (1) as a countermeasure to prevent attacks on face-based age estimation systems, but also (2) : as a complementary modality in a multimodal biometric system (i.e. face-sound perception) in order to improve the performances of face-based age estimation system. Used as countermeasure, we show that RaS-DeeP provides promising results with an EER value of 4.2%. On the other hand, when considering the multimodal system faceauditory perception, we show that, the performance of face age estimation system is enhanced with an EER of 3.3%. To evaluate the performance of multimodal system in real-time, 71 subjects from different age ranges achieving five repetitions, participated in our experiment.
keywords: Age estimation | Countermeasures | Forensics | Multimodal biometrics | Unsupervised biometrics | RaS-DeeP
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Accountability as mourning: Accounting for death in the time of COVID-19
پاسخگویی به عنوان عزاداری: حسابداری برای مرگ در زمان Covid-19-2021
In view of the increasing coronavirus death toll around the globe, centralized governments have been put under the spotlight to account for the deaths in the sovereign states they represent. But could it be a problem if we simply hold governments accountable for deaths by demanding accurate and transparent accounting of the total? Is there a better way to account for deaths in a pandemic without ignoring the pathos of loss and undermining our capacity to act spontaneously? I engage with these questions by looking at how the ethics/politics of death, as two sides of the same coin, affect our understanding of accountability in the time of COVID-19. I distinguish between two types of accountability that correspond to the two meanings of “account for”: “to explain the reason or the cause of something” and “to form part of a total” (Cambridge Dictionary1). The second type of accountability, informed by a Deleuzian ethics of death, is explored through an interpretative case study of accounting for the deaths in Wuhan, where the global pandemic began. It shows that accountability is essentially a freedom-enabled endeavour to account for deaths through our repetition in mourning, which forms part of honouring the dead, the dying and the living. This new configuration implies that a more radical form of accounting is needed in order to appreciate the value of life and be mindful of the socio-psychological costs associated with deaths.
keywords: مسئوليت | اخلاق | ابعاد سیاسی مرگ | تکرار | کووید -19 | قوم شناسی آنلاین | Accountability | Ethics | The political dimension of death | Repetition | COVID-19 | Online ethnography
مقاله انگلیسی
4 The reduced auditory evoked potential component N1 after repeated stimulation: Refractoriness hypothesis vs: habituation account
کاهش مولفه بالقوه برانگیخته شنوایی N1 پس از تحریک مکرر: فرضیه نسوز در مقابل حساب عادت-2021
Similar to other event-related potential (ERP) components, the amplitude of the auditory evoked N1 depends on the interstimulus interval (ISI). At ISIs > 0.4 s, the amplitude of the N1 increases with longer ISIs, until it saturates at ISIs around 10 s. This amplitude increase with increasing ISI has been conceptualized as a function of N1 recovery or N1 refractoriness. Habituation (as a simple form of learning) represents an elaborated, opposing account for such stimulus repetition effects. For passive oddball experiments (stimulation protocols with frequent standards and rare deviants), the two accounts make different predictions. According to the habituation account, the presentation of small deviants should lead to an increased N1 for subsequent standards (= dishabituation); according to the N1 refractoriness account, there should be no or just minor effects on the N1. In the current study, we tested these predictions and compared the ERPs to standards after small deviants and to standards preceded by other standards. We observed that the ERPs to standards after small deviants were characterized by a small mismatch negativity with an onset latency > 150 ms, but the N1 to standards after deviants did not differ from the N1 to standards preceded by other standards. This negative finding is in line with other previous studies that were also not able to reveal evidence for N1 dishabituation. Aside from this repeated lack of evidence for dishabituation, the N1 habituation account is challenged by the finding that the N1 decrease is stronger for more intense stimuli. Overall, the current and previous findings are more compatible with the N1 refractoriness account, although the mechanisms underlying N1 refractoriness remain to be elucidated. Knowledge about these mechanisms would also help to understand why N1 deficits in schizophrenia are more pronounced at longer ISIs.
keywords: عادت | جهت دار | پتانسیل های ناشی از شنوایی | شدت محرک | نگرش ناسازگاری (MMN) | انطباق محرک-مشخصه (SSA) | Habituation | Dishabituation | Auditory evoked potentials | Stimulus intensity | Mismatch negativity (MMN) | Stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA)
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Accounting for repetition and dropout in contemporaneous cross-section learning profiles: Evidence from Rwanda
حسابداری برای تکرار و رها کردن در پروفایل های یادگیری مقطع مقطع مقطعی: شواهد از رواندا-2021
How much do children learn in a year of school? Longitudinal data that tracks children over time is scarce in developing countries, and so recent studies estimate learning profiles by comparing the ability of people with different amounts of schooling, at a single point in time. Such estimates of the effect of schooling on learning may be biased upwards by not controlling for repetition and dropout. In this paper I estimate contemporaneous cross- section learning profiles for Rwanda, using data from a nationally representative survey of 3053 children aged six to eighteen. I show how adjusting this learning profile for the total number of years enrolled in school (ac- counting for repetition and dropout), using detailed schooling histories, reduces the average amount learnt per year by over 60 percent. The learning profile for Rwanda is not just too flat, but flatter than previous estimates suggest.
keywords: یادگیری | ارزیابی | رواندا | تکرار | Learning | Assessment | Rwanda | Repetition
مقاله انگلیسی
6 What Future for Serious Criminals?
چه آینده ای برای جنایتکاران جدی است ؟-2020
Objectives. – What happens to those who are called serious crimi-nals once the conviction has been handed down and the possibilitiesfor appeal exhausted; and, first and foremost, what is meant by theterm serious criminal? Is this only the penal qualification of a cri-minal conviction, or should it be combined with the length of thesentence? Is the repetition of criminal acts a condition for this desi-gnation, or is the “simple” sentence of life imprisonment, whateverthe reason for the sentence, sufficient?Methods. – Through the examination of the various legislative deve-lopments and the confrontation between different players in thejudicial system, the future of these subjects is put into perspective. Results. – The difficulty of finding a single definition of the conceptof serious criminality illustrates, on its own, the diversity of profilesand individual situations it covers. However, given the sociology oflong-term prisoners, the combination of three criteria, excludingthe repetition of criminal acts, seems relevant to the definition ofthe concept of a serious criminal: the sentencing of the individual,male or female, a sentence of at least 15 years, the assignment ofthe convicted individual to a penal institution, whether a jail, a pri-son, or a maximum security prison. The definition criteria thereforeexclude the nature of the acts that led to the conviction, the ques-tion of repeat offenses in the commission of criminal acts, as well asthe age group to which he belongs. As of July 1, 2018, according tofigures from the French prison administration, 500 prisoners wereserving a life sentence, 1,000 prisoners were serving a criminal sen-tence of more than 20 years, and 5,200 prisoners were serving acriminal sentence of more than 10 years, out of a total number of71,000 prisoners.Discussion. – For these serious criminals, how can we reconcile theobjectives set by the law with regard to the function assigned tothe prison sentence – namely to prepare the integration or rein-tegration of the convicted person in order to enable him to act asa responsible person, respecting the rules and interests of societyand avoiding the commission of new offenses – with the crucialquestion of dangerousness in the case of serious criminals? Whe-ther or not the convicted person is considered a major criminal, theobjective of the prison journey must remain the same: to allow asafe return to civilian life from the point of view of society and toprovide security for the convicted person. This secure return willbe made possible if all the parties involved (the prefectoral autho-rity, the judge in charge of enforcing sentences, representativesof the public prosecutor’s office, integration and probation prisoncounsellors, coordinating doctors) work in concert, the challenge interms of public safety being essential.Conclusion. – To talk about the future of serious criminals requires,after the relatively unknown question of the management of deten-tion, that we look at the question of the adjustment of the sentence.Recent criminal procedural reforms, which have focused on com-bating prison overcrowding and limiting the imposition of shortprison sentences, have had relatively little impact on those sen-tenced to very long sentences. The treatment of serious criminalsin detention and then at the sentencing stage has its own speci-fic features. The objectives sought are first of all those common toall persons serving a sentence of imprisonment or criminal confine-ment, namely the prevention of recidivism and the rehabilitation ofthe convicted person, objectives set out in article 707 of the FrenchCode of Criminal Procedure. Follow-through with serious crimi-nals in the event of a return to civilian life also deserves attentionbecause it differs from the way other cases are handled.
Keywords:Serious criminal | Jail | Penitentiary | Length of incarceration | Rehabilitation | Reinsertion | Communitya
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Let the punishment fit the criminal: An experimental study
اجازه دهید مجازات متناسب با مجرم باشد: یک مطالعه تجربی-2020
We use a laboratory experiment to study the extent to which people tailor levels of punishment to the subjective experience of the person to receive that punishment, for both monetary and non-monetary sanctions. We find that subjects tend to apply higher fines to wealthier individuals. Additionally, subjects assign more repetitions of a tedious task to those with a lower willingness to pay to avoid it. We find no evidence that the distributions of monetary and non-monetary punishments are different when considered as proportions of the maximum possible punishment, but that this does not hold when nonmonetary punishments are converted into monetary equivalents. This suggests that subjects do not have in mind a particular level of disutility from the punishment, but rather are guided by the sentencing possibilities
Keywords: Monetary punishment | Non-monetary punishment | Subjective experience | Laboratory experiment
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Deep belief network and linear perceptron based cognitive computing for collaborative robots
شبکه باور عمیق و محاسبات شناختی مبتنی بر پرسپترون خطی برای روبات های مشترک-2020
Objective: This paper is to analyze the performance of the control system of collaborative robots based on cognitive computing technology. Methods: This study combines cognitive computing and deep belief network algorithms with collaborative robots to construct a cognitive computing system model based on deep belief networks, which is applied to the control system of collaborative robots. Further, the simulation is used to compare and analyze the algorithm performance of deep belief network (DBN), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the cognitive computing system model of deep belief network and linear perceptron (DBNLP) proposed in this study. Results: The results show that compared with the DBN and MLP algorithms, the DBNLP algorithm model has a significantly lower error rate in the number of repetitions of the training set, the number of hidden neurons, and the number of network layers. And the number of task backlog, the number of resources to be allocated and the time consumption are less, as well as the accuracy is high. After comparing and analyzing the changes in the estimated value of Ex (expected value), En (entropy value) and He (hyper entropy value), it is found that the estimated value of the DBNLP algorithm model is closer to the true value than that of the DBN and MLP algorithms. Conclusion: The application of the DBNLP algorithm model to collaborative robots can significantly improve its accuracy and safety, providing an experimental basis for the performance improvement of later collaborative robots.
Keywords: Collaborative robot | Cognitive computing | Deep belief network | Simulation | Multilayer perceptron
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Detecting and locating patterns in time series using machine learning
شناسایی و مکان یابی الگوها در سری های زمانی با استفاده از یادگیری ماشین-2019
A method is presented to detect and locate user-defined patterns in time series data. The method is based on decomposing time series into a sequence of fixed-length snapshots on which a classifier is applied. Snapshot classification results determine the exact position of the pattern. One advantage of this approach is that it can be applied to any process-specific pattern, e.g., spiking patterns, under- or overshoots, or (time-lagged) correlations. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach by means of an example from steel production, namely a cold-rolling mill process. We detect two patterns: underswings and time-lagged spike repetition in multivariate series.
Keywords: Pattern recognition | Machine learning | Time-series classification | Industrial data analytics | Metals processing | Neural networks
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Serious games for rehabilitation: Gestural interaction in personalized gamified exercises through a recommender system
بازی های جدی برای توانبخشی: تعامل حرکاتی در تمرینات شخصی سازی شده شخصی از طریق سیستم توصیه کننده-2019
One of the principal problems of rehabilitation is that therapy sessions can be boring due the repetition of exercises. Serious games, and in particular exergames in rehabilitation, can motivate, engage and increase patients’ adherence to their treatment. Also, the automatic personalization of exercises to each patient can help therapists. Thus, the main objective of this work is to build an intelligent exergame-based rehabilitation system consisting of a platform with an exergame player and a designer tool. The intelligent platform includes a recommender system which analyzes user interactions, along with the user’s history, to select new gamified exercises for the user. The main contributions of this paper focus, first, on defining a recommender system based on different difficulty levels and user skills. The recommender system offers the ability to provide the user with a personalized game mode based on his own history and preferences. The results of a triple validation with experts, users and rehabilitation center professionals reveal a positive impact on gestural interaction and rehabilitation uses. Also, different methods are presented for testing the rehabilitation recommender system.
Keywords: Recommender systems | Exergames | Rehabilitation | Gamification | Serious games
مقاله انگلیسی
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