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نتیجه جستجو - Research and development

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 61
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Enabling Pulse-Level Programming, Compilation, and Execution in XACC
فعال کردن برنامه نویسی، کامپایل و اجرا در سطح پالس در XACC-2022
Noisy gate-model quantum processing units (QPUs) are currently available from vendors over the cloud, and digital quantum programming approaches exist to run low-depth circuits on physical hardware. These digital representations are ultimately lowered to pulse-level instructions by vendor quantum control systems to affect unitary evolution representative of the submitted digital circuit. Vendors are beginning to open this pulse-level control system to the public via specified interfaces. Robust programming methodologies, software frameworks, and backend simulation technologies for this analog model of quantum computation will prove critical to advancing pulse-level control research and development. Prototypical use cases for this include error mitigation, optimal pulse control, and physics-inspired pulse construction. Here we present an extension to the XACC quantum-classical software framework that enables pulse-level programming for superconducting, gate-model quantum computers, and a novel, general, and extensible pulse-level simulation backend for XACC that scales on classical compute clusters via MPI. Our work enables custom backend Hamiltonian definitions and gate-level compilation to available pulses with a focus on performance and scalability. We end with a demonstration of this capability, and show how to use XACC for pertinent pulse-level programming tasks.
Index Terms: Quantum computing | quantum programming models | quantum control | quantum simulation
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The politics behind scientific knowledge: Sustainable forest management in Latin America
سیاست پشت دانش علمی: مدیریت جنگل پایدار در آمریکای لاتین-2021
Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) seeks to achieve an equilibrium in the economic, social and environ- mental value of all types of forests. This practice contrasts with the conventional view of managing forests, in which the focus is productivity. Thus, discussions about conventional forest management versus sustainable forest management play a central role in the political and scientific agendas. However, knowledge production and its direction can be biased by different contextual factors such as the way funding is assigned by each country, institutional priorities, and constraints on international cooperation. With this paper, we aim to analyze the contribution of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America within the sustainable forest management research landscape by applying a literature review method (Scopus database for 2015–2018 period). Our results show a similar contribution of national and foreign funds and institutions supporting scientific knowledge about SFM in Latin America. Foreign funding comes mainly from United States of America, and Europe. Latin American authors lead high proportion of scientific articles, and authorship gender was more equitable between male and female researchers. The studies were mostly focused on conservation combined with productivity goals, as well as pure conservation goals, although social studies and restoration goals were also present. Our findings highlight a significant contribution to the paradigm shift in half of the scientific articles. Some studies provided recom- mendations (specific or general) derived from their results, but we did not detected a clear relationship with funding origin. Moreover, we found that the high contribution to the paradigm shift (studies supporting SFM instead of traditional management) came from institutions based in Latin America. This article aims to contribute to discussions related to scientific funding in Latin America, the North-South scientific relations, and the future of forest in times of climate change.
keywords: سیاست های جنگلداری | همکاری بین المللی | بررسی ادبیات | منابع طبیعی | تحقیق و توسعه | بودجه پژوهشی | Forestry policies | International cooperation | Literature review | Natural resources | Research and development | Research funding
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Analysis of the innovation strategies for green supply chain management in the energy industry using the QFD-based hybrid interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision approach
تجزیه و تحلیل استراتژی های نوآوری برای مدیریت زنجیره تامین سبز در صنعت انرژی با استفاده از فاصله ترکیبی مبتنی بر QFD ، ارزش تصمیم گیری فازی شهودی-2021
This study aims to analyze the innovation strategies for the green supply chain management with QFD (quality function deployment) multidimensionally. The novelty of the study is to define the criteria of green supply chain for each stage of QFD and propose a hybrid model by IVIF (interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy) DEMATEL (decision making trial and evaluation laboratory) and IVIF MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis) respectively. The results demonstrate that understanding the customer expectations with customer relation management is the most important innovation strategy for the green supply chain management in en- ergy industry with the consecutive stages of QFD whereas benchmarking the competitive market environment has relatively the last seat in the ranking. Hence, it is recommended that energy companies should have an effective customer relationship management. In this context, these companies should make a detailed analysis to learn what their customers directly expect from them. With the help of this issue, these companies should generate their product and services based on these expectations. Additionally, it is also stated that new service and product development is also essential for energy companies to improve their innovativeness. For this pur- pose, a research and development department should be created, and the qualified people should be employed. Additionally, different opinions should be collected from various parties, such as customers, employees, and suppliers. Since customers who are satisfied will prefer these companies, the energy companies can catch the opportunity to increase their market share.
Keywords: GSCM | Energy industry | Innovation | QFD | IVIF DEMATEL | IVIF MOORA
مقاله انگلیسی
4 The role of negative entropy within supply chain sustainability
نقش آنتروپی منفی در پایداری زنجیره تأمین-2021
With the COVID-19 pandemic, supply chains are today confronted with more uncertainties than ever before. In the face of unanticipated disruptions, being resilient and sustainable has been rewarding for supply chains in terms of competitive advantage. However, literature is still far from possessing an en compassing sustainable supply chain framework (SSCF). As a contribution to the extant literature, the present study expounds a prominent concept termed negative entropy and explores its role in the SSCF. To accomplish this goal, the effect of negative entropy on supply chain sustainability is tested. Following the open systems theory and drawing from the collaboration and information management aspects of the negative entropy, co-creation, open innovation and network governance concepts which are considered to be relevant in this context are selected to be the antecedents of negative entropy. The empirical research is conducted on prominent logistics service providers and firms from various sectors with approved research and development departments in Turkey. The obtained data were subjected to covariance-based structural equation modeling analysis via Lisrel program. According to results, negative entropy is found to be a robust element in explaining supply chain sustainability. Furthermore, whereas co-creation and network governance reflected significant effects on negative entropy, surprisingly, open innovation demonstrated no substantial impact. This paper opens up a new front in sustainable supply chain management studies with a notable empirical study introducing negative entropy in the context of open systems theory.© 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Supply chain sustainability | Resilience | Negative entropy | Co-creation | Open innovation | Network governance
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Green and low carbon matters: A systematic review of the past, today, and future on sustainability supply chain management practices among manufacturing industry
موارد سبز و کم کربن: مروری سیستماتیک از گذشته ، امروز و آینده در مورد شیوه های مدیریت پایداری زنجیره تامین در صنعت تولید-2021
Journal Pre-proof Climate change has arisen as one of human beings most significant threats. A higher proportion of carbon dioxide emissions are produced from developing countries as manufacturing globalization requires more and more emerging nations. The predicament between carbon reduction and fast industrial development makes firms in developing countries reluctant to take thoughtful commitment and actions in carbon dioxide emission reduction in their global manufacturing practices. Sustainability, green, and low-carbon supply chain networks research is still also in its infant stage from a theoretical perspective and requires further research and development. Therefore this research aims to address the research question: “Why and how organizations are adopting sustainable strategies in developing countries to increase sustainable supply chain management practices in the manufacturing?”. In order to thoroughly analyse the literature, this paper used ATLAS. ti 9 software tools to save, identify, and assess the data for this study. We reviewed, compiled, and sorted papers from 326 publications for this article and then recognized 160 as critical to the work scope. The results reveal that the organizations current concentration is on improving internal environmental efficiency related to its mid-stream SCM activities. The introduction of environmental practices at the external level (downstream and upstream) is relatively limited, and few organizations are collaborating effectively with supply chain partners to improve their SSCM performance. The results also show that organizational performance, reputation/risk management, customer pressure, and top management support are primary motivators for organizations to embrace SSCM practices. The typology suggests that companies need to consider and recognize their key sustainability risk in the past, current, and future to have a simple organizational design to innovative management methods to handle their sustainable supply chain practices.
Keywords: Sustainability practices | Low carbon emissions | Green supply chain management | Green manufacturing
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Conventional automotive supply chains under Chinas dual-credit policy: fuel economy, production and coordination
زنجیره تأمین خودرو متعارف تحت سیاست اعتبار دوگانه چین: اقتصاد سوخت ، تولید و هماهنگی-2021
As a sustainability policy in emerging markets, the dual-credit policy was implemented in China to reduce corporate average fuel consumption and to promote new energy vehicles (NEVs). Through a game theoretic approach, the fuel economy improvement level and the production of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and NEVs are discussed. Research and development cost sharing contracts and ICEV revenue sharing contracts are designed to coordinate conventional automotive supply chains. We compare the current and revised dual-credit policy, identify some policy flaws and propose amendments. The dual-credit policy does not always help automotive supply chains to improve fuel economy, reduce the production of high fuel con- sumption vehicles, and produce more low fuel consumption vehicles and NEVs. The implementation and se- lection of coordination contracts are explored. Both of the above contracts may not be able to coordinate the supply chain, and cost sharing contracts may be better than revenue sharing contracts in some cases. Finally, we present some management insights into the response to the dual-credit policy.
Keywords: Dual-credit policy | Automotive supply chain | Fuel economy | Coordination contract | Emerging market
مقاله انگلیسی
7 A Study on the Optimal Inventory Allocation for Clinical Trial Supply Chains
یک مطالعه در مورد اختصاص مطلوب موجودی برای زنجیره های تأمین کارآزمایی بالینی-2021
With increasing competition in the pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical companies pay more attention to improving the efficiency of clinical trial supply chains to reduce the drug supplying cost, which takes up a considerable part of the total research and development expense. To improve the efficiency of clinical trial supply chains, this study investigates the inventory levels of clinical drugs in each period at a distribution center and clinics considering the reverse replenishment, transshipment, and generalized stockout cost. The inventory allocation problem in clinical trial supply chains is formulated as a rolling horizon-based two-stage stochastic mixed-integer model where the minimal operational cost constitutes the underage cost at the production planning level of clinical trial supply chains. An algorithm extending Benders decomposition is proposed as the solution approach. We also derive several structural results and develop the reformulation method and row generation strategy to improve the efficiency of the optimization process. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated in the numerical experiment.
Keywords: Supply chain management | Clinical trials | Inventory allocation | Stochastic programming
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Aggregate accounting research and development expenditures and the prediction of real gross domestic product
مجموع هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه حسابداری جمع آوری شده و پیش بینی تولید ناخالص داخلی واقعی-2021
The role of accounting information for public policy making has received increased attention in recent years. Konchitchki and Patatoukas (2014a,b) demonstrate that growth in aggregate accounting earnings can predict future growth in nominal and real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We extend the micro to macro literature by decomposing earnings into the R&D and pre-R&D components. Using the Almon (1965) finite distributed lag model, we find that both components can predict future real GDP growth with different lead-lag structures. Importantly, this decomposition significantly increases the explanatory power of the predictive model using accounting information. Aggregate accounting R&D can predict real GDP through the personal consumption, business investment, and net export channels of GDP. Our study extends prior research on the forecasting usefulness of accounting information at the aggregate level and has practical implications for macro forecasting and for public policy making regarding innovative activities of publicly listed firms.
keywords: مجموع اعداد حسابداری | هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه | تولید ناخالص داخلی | پیش بینی کلان اقتصادی | ساختارهای تاخیری توزیع شده | Aggregate accounting numbers | Research and development expenditures | Gross domestic product | Macroeconomic forecasting | Distributed lag structures
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Backtracking and prospect on LNG supply chain safety
پیگیری و چشم انداز ایمنی زنجیره تامین LNG-2021
The safety issues of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in production, storage, loading/unloading, transportation/ shipping, and re-gasification have became a major concern, since an accident in the LNG industry would be very costly. Understanding the threat of LNG not only contributes to the process safety and reliability in the research and development (R&D) system, but improves the efficiency of loss prevention, fire protection and emergency responses. As of April 2019, in order to obtain the present status and trend of LNG safety research, basing 1122 documents of the Web of Science database about safety research of LNG as a data source, Cite Space and VOS viewer were used for network knowledge map analysis. A comprehensive knowledge map of LNG safety field was obtained from several research aspects including scientific research power, research hot spots and trends, research knowledge base and frontier. According to the study results, the development of LNG safety research was divided into four stages from 1970s to 2019, China and South Korea made a lot of contributions, and the United States is the most influential. Among them, the research from 2005 to 2019 was the most representative. Current research results indicate that a combination of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology and Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) will fully identify risks; The PHAST and TerEx programs quickly define safety zones. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package can provide ac- curate quantitative data for the study of LNG safety. Research on quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and LNG evaporated gas (BOG) has been a hot topic and trend in this field. The application of expansion foam in LNG accident mitigation covers most of the research content in this field, and the optimization of LNG liquefaction process has a great influence on this industry. As the international demand for LNG energy output increases, floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) will have considerable development, and increasingly researchers attach vital importance to the safety of LNG offshore production integrated unit.
Keywords: Liquefied natural gas | Supply chain | Safety | FLNG | CiteSpace | VOS viewer
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Voicing concerns: The balance between data protection principles and research developments in forensic speech science
نگرانی های بیان: تعادل بین اصول حفاظت از داده ها و تحولات تحقیقاتی در علم گفتار پزشکی قانونی-2021
The status of forensic speech recordings among existing data protection guidance is not clear. The inherent nature of voice and the way in which forensic speech casework is currently allocated mean that there are additional barriers to incorporating real casework data into research activities. The key objective of this work is to explore data protection solutions that could enable the forensic speech science community to responsibly use real casework data for research and development purposes. While reviewing relevant guidance and rulings, is- sues such as proportionality, opportunism and data minimisation are addressed, as well as where voice sits inrelation to the definition of “biometric data”. This paper ultimately places forensic speech recordings in the dataprotection context to illuminate the specific issues that arise for this data type.
Keywords: Data protection | Forensic speech recordings | Data retention | Proportionality
مقاله انگلیسی
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