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نتیجه جستجو - Retailing

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 37
ردیف عنوان نوع
21 Optimal pricing policies for differentiated brands under different supply chain power structures
سیاست های قیمت گذاری مطلوب برای مارک های متفاوت تحت ساختارهای قدرت زنجیره تامین متفاوت-2017
We investigate a supply chain in which a retailer is supplied by two manufacturers with differentiated brands, a good brand and an average brand. The customers in the market are segmented based on value and brand preference, namely the customer acceptance of the average brand and the customer surplus for each brand. Both horizontal competition (between the two competing manufacturers) and vertical com petition (between the manufacturers and the retailer) are considered through an exploration of different power structure combinations. Multiple-stage game models are developed to examine the impact of dif ferent power structures on the pricing decisions and the profits of the manufacturers and the retailer. We find that intensified competition between the two manufacturers hurts the manufacturers and benefits the retailer. No dominance among supply chain members (the two manufacturers and the retailer) leads to the highest profit for the entire supply chain. We also find that for the two competing manufacturers, being first to announce the pricing decision results in lower profit – the second to announce benefits from knowing the rival’s price. This explains why rivals prefer not to reveal decisions on prices, bid rates, and contracts, as this information represents bargaining power. The impact of customer acceptance of the average brand is also analyzed.
Keywords: Retailing | Pricing | Customer’s value | Brand preference| Power structure
مقاله انگلیسی
22 Selling luxury fashion online with social influences considerations: Demand changes and supply chain coordination
فروش آنلاین مد لوکس با ملاحظات تاثیر اجتماعی: تغییرات تقاضا و هماهنگ سازی زنجیره تامین-2017
In the luxury fashion retailing industry, consumers can be categorized into the groups of fashion leader and fashion follower. These two groups influence one another and create social influences in the market. In this paper, we construct an analytical model to examine the effects of demand changes on a luxury fashion supply chain with social influences. We consider the case when the supply chain consisting of one supplier and one online retailer, provides differentiated services to different groups of consumers. We identify the optimal prices and differentiated online services. To maximize the channel profit, we find that adjusting the retail price alone is enough when a demand change is small, whereas adjusting both the retail price and online retail services are necessary when a demand change is sufficiently big. Furthermore, we investigate the impacts of social influences on online retail services and find that when the impacts of social influences are increasing, the supply chain is more likely to provide better services to the fashion leader group than the fashion follower group. Last but not least, we derive the respective conditions to achieve channel coordination by using three commonly seen policies in the fashion industry, namely the all-unit quantity discount policy, the capacitated linear pricing policy, and the profit sharing policy. A comparison among these policies is made and managerial insights are generated.
Keywords: Demand changes | Luxury fashion | Social influences | Online retail service | Retail supply chains | Supply chain contracts
مقاله انگلیسی
23 Environmental sustainability of agri-food supply chains: An LCA comparison between two alternative forms of production and distribution of endive in northern Italy
پایداری زیست محیطی زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی: یک مقایسه LCA بین دو فرم جایگزین تولید و توزیع نهایی در شمال ایتالیا-2017
Alternative cultivation practices such as organic and integrated farming are generally proposed as a mean to reduce environmental impacts associated with food production and consumption. For the same reason, various schemes of direct sale or distribution of local agricultural products have been increasingly developed as an alternative to large-scale distribution of nationally or globally sourced products. How ever, for a variety of vegetable crops such as salads and leaves, there is few scientific evidence about the relative environmental performance of alternative farming techniques. Similarly, alternative distribution systems have mainly been investigated only in terms of their energy and climate change performance, and mostly within the debate on domestic/local versus imported/delocalised food supply. In this paper, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the potential environmental impacts of two agricultural supply chains, with the primary aim of testing the expected benefits of vegetable organic farming and of alternative forms of distribution promoting packaging reduction and a shortened supply chain. Organic and integrated production of endive (Cichorium endivia) in Lombardia (northern Italy) were firstly compared, according to a cradle-to-farm gate approach. The comparison was then extended to the whole supply chain, considering the direct distribution of raw organic endive to local networks of ethical purchasing groups by means of returnable crates, and the large-scale retailing of conventional endive as a ready-to-use product after its industrial cutting, washing and packing. Fourteen environmental and human health impact categories were considered as terms of comparison, along with the cumulative energy demand. Results revealed that none of the examined farming techniques has a better overall environmental profile. In fact, when impacts are expressed per hectare of cultivated area, nearly half impact categories (7/15) are favourable to organic farming, with impact reductions ranging from 13% to 55%. However, organic fertilisation practices are responsible for higher impacts of this cultivation form in terms of acidification (þ16%), terrestrial eutrophication (þ32%) and non-carcinogenic human toxicity (þ127%). Per kg of harvested product, impact categories favourable to organic farming are reduced to five, while six are favourable to integrated farming (which achieves higher yields). Organic farming techniques thus need to be further improved in terms of fertilisation practices and achievable yields in order to achieve a more sustainable production system. Considering the whole supply chain, the direct distribution of the raw organic product loose at the local level is preferable for all impact categories except one, where the impact of the farming stage is dominant and against organic production. This exception however disappears if farming is excluded from the comparison (i.e. only distribution and consumption are considered). Observed reductions in overall supply chain impacts range mostly be tween 20% and 48% and are mainly enabled by the absence of disposable packaging items and industrial processing.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment (LCA) | Organic farming | Integrated production | Short supply chain |Packaging reduction |Local food
مقاله انگلیسی
24 مطالعه ای بر کسب و کار شرکت ها در برابر تاثیرات محیطی تجارت الکترونیکی مد
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 12 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 27
ظهور کسب و کار تجارت الکترونیک با چالش های لجستیکی به ویژه مرتبط با پایداری محیطی همراه است. اگرچه تاثیرات محیطی تجارت الکترونیکی در سال های اخیر توجهات زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است، اما گستره دانش در این موضوع و راه حل های احتمالی خیلی محدود می باشد. این مقاله، با در نظر گرفتن تاثیرات محیطی مختلف خرده فروشی الکترونیکی پوشاک در مقابل فروش سنتی از جمله انتشار کربن، ضایعات و مصرف انرژی، با استفاده از داده های ثانویه تحلیل شده و با مطالعات اولیه مقایسه شده است. چهار بخش از زنجیره تامین که بر روی آن تمرکز شده است عبارت است از: بسته بندی، حمل و نقل، بازگشت دادن و در دسترس بودن. نتایج نشان می داد، تحت بیشتر شرایط ها خرید آنلاین برای محیط بهتر از خرید بازاری می باشد، اما فاکتور های واسطه ای همچون بسته بندی بیش از حد، سرعت حمل و نقل و یا عودت پوشاک، رد پای کربن و ضایعات بیشتری به محیط اضافه می کند. از آنجا که خرید آنلاین با پیشرفت ممتد تکنولوژی به تدریج در حال کارآمدتر می شوند، خرده فروشی الکترونیک پوشاک سازگار شده است تا مدل های کسب و کار دوست دار محیط زیست که موجب کاهش یا حتی معکوس کردن اثرات محیطی منفی ایجاد شوند.
کلید واژه ها: مد | شرکت | تجارت الکترونیک | محیط زیست | اثر
مقاله ترجمه شده
25 What is a luxury brand? A new definition and review of the literature
مارک لوکس چیست؟ تعریف جدید و بررسی ادبیات-2017
In spite of considerable prior research on luxury branding, no widely accepted definition of “luxury brand” exists. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature in order to: a) summarize the state of knowledge on luxury brand marketing; and b) provide a new and usable definition of a luxury brand. A literature review was conducted with a focus on developing a more useful definition of “luxury brand,” outlining key theoretical perspectives that have been used in this area, and summarizing key research findings. Ko and Megehees (2012) framework for understanding consumption of luxury brands is used as the guiding conceptual framework for the review. Directions for future research are provided.
Keywords: Luxury | Branding | Luxury marketing | Consumer behavior | Retailing | Conspicuous consumption
مقاله انگلیسی
26 Technology sourcing for website personalization and social media marketing: A study of e-retailing industry
منابع فناوری برای شخصی سازی وب سایت و بازاریابی رسانه های اجتماعی: مطالعه ای صنعت خرده فروشی الکترونیکی -2017
Extant streams of literature on technology sourcing, website personalization and social media marketing are distinct from one another and hence are unable to explain the impact of technology sourcing for website per sonalization and social media marketing on sales. To address this gap, we use various concepts such as efficiency, adaptability, risks of dependency, lack of quality control, asset-specificity and tacit knowledge to hypothesize the direct effect of technology sourcing on sales as well as the indirect effect through social media performance. Using survey data from 105 U.S. e-retailers, we show that e-retailers using mixed technology sourcing for website personalization have greater sales than e-retailers that use either internally or externally developed technology. On the contrary, e-retailers selecting externally developed technology for social media marketing have greater sales than e-retailers that offer social media marketing that uses either internally developed technology or mixed technology sourcing.
Keywords: Technology sourcing | Website personalization | Social media marketing | Market performance
مقاله انگلیسی
27 Optimal pricing policies for differentiated brands under different supply chain power structures
سیاست های قیمت گذاری مطلوب برای مارک های متفاوت تحت ساختارهای قدرت زنجیره تامین مختلف-2017
We investigate a supply chain in which a retailer is supplied by two manufacturers with differentiated brands, a good brand and an average brand. The customers in the market are segmented based on value and brand preference, namely the customer acceptance of the average brand and the customer surplus for each brand. Both horizontal competition (between the two competing manufacturers) and vertical com petition (between the manufacturers and the retailer) are considered through an exploration of different power structure combinations. Multiple-stage game models are developed to examine the impact of dif ferent power structures on the pricing decisions and the profits of the manufacturers and the retailer. We find that intensified competition between the two manufacturers hurts the manufacturers and benefits the retailer. No dominance among supply chain members (the two manufacturers and the retailer) leads to the highest profit for the entire supply chain. We also find that for the two competing manufacturers, being first to announce the pricing decision results in lower profit – the second to announce benefits from knowing the rival’s price. This explains why rivals prefer not to reveal decisions on prices, bid rates, and contracts, as this information represents bargaining power. The impact of customer acceptance of the average brand is also analyzed.
Keywords: Retailing | Pricing | Customer’s value | Brand preference | Power structure
مقاله انگلیسی
28 Childrens exposure to alcohol marketing within supermarkets : An objective analysis using GPS technology and wearable cameras
قرار گرفتن کودکان در معرض بازاریابی الکل در سوپر مارکت ها: یک تجزیه و تحلیل عینی با استفاده از تکنولوژی GPS و دوربین های پوشیدنی-2017
Background and aim: Exposure to alcohol marketing within alcohol retailers has been associated with higher rates of childhood drinking, brand recognition, and marketing recall. This study aimed to objectively measure childrens everyday exposure to alcohol marketing within supermarkets. Method: Children aged 11–13 (n = 167) each wore a wearable camera and GPS device for four consecutive days. Micro-spatial analyses were used to examine exposures within supermarkets. Results: In alcohol retailing supermarkets (n = 30), children encountered alcohol marketing on 85% of their visits (n = 78). Alcohol marketing was frequently near everyday goods (bread and milk) or entrance/exit. Conclusion: Alcohol sales in supermarkets should be banned in order to protect children from alcohol marketing.
Keywords: Alcohol | Marketing | Children | Micro-spatial | Wearable cameras | GPS
مقاله انگلیسی
29 Marketing activity in the community pharmacy sector - A scoping review
فعالیت بازاریابی در بخش داروخانه جامعه - یک مرور کلی-2017
Background: Community pharmacy ownership requires engaging with marketing strategies to influence consumer behaviour. There is a plethora of information from trade journals, expert opinion, and pub lished discussion surrounding this issue. Despite this, evidence relating to the efficacy of marketing activity within the pharmacy sector is scant. Objectives: To review how marketing activity has been conceptualised in the community pharmacy sector and to determine the evidence for the effect of marketing activity. Methods: Seven databases were systematically searched using a scoping review framework with the reporting protocol of PRISMA-P. The search yielded 33 studies that were analysed for year of publication, journal, country of focus, and framework of marketing. Results: The majority of marketing research papers focused on the United States and were published in healthcare journals. These were various marketing strategy elements, including; segmentation, targeting, differentiation, and positioning. Also evident was research regarding marketing mix, which predomi nately involved the “4Ps” model. Actual marketing activity comprised little of the research. Conclusions: Research into marketing activity in community pharmacy is limited, and little evidence is available to show the effects of such activities. Future research needs to demonstrate the causality for the effect of marketing activities on consumer behaviour and economic outcomes.
Keywords: Community pharmacy | Retailing | Marketing strategies | Marketing mix | Marketing activities | Marketing outcomes
مقاله انگلیسی
30 Omnichannel-based promotions’ effects on purchase behavior and brand image
اثرات تبلیغاتی مبتنی بر Omnichannel رفتار خرید و تصویر برند-2017
This paper examines the effects of utilizing consumers’ digital shopping traces when designing in-store pro motions on purchase behavior and brand image. In two experimental studies with 526 and 550 espondents, the authors examine the effects of omnichannel-based promotions (e.g. using digital shopping trace to offer a promotion when the consumer enters the physical store) in two different product categories (utilitarian vs. hedonic), spontaneous/planned purchases and two different retail industries (durable good vs. travel). The re sults show that retailers benefit from using digital shopping traces as it increases purchases and enhances brand imagery. The effects are moderated by product category and type of purchase.
Keywords: Omnichannel retailing | Promotion | Purchase behavior | Brand image
مقاله انگلیسی
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