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نتیجه جستجو - Revenue sharing

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 15
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 3PL firm’s equity financing for technology innovation in a platform supply chain
تأمین مالی سهام شرکت 3PL برای نوآوری در فناوری در یک زنجیره تامین سیستم عامل-2021
Technologies have been driving improvements in logistics and transportation. Focusing on a third-party logistics (3PL) firm’s technology innovations supported by external equity financing, we examine how the innovations can benefit the supply chain, and how the supply chain members should respond with coordinated operational decisions. More specifically, we consider a platform supply chain where a supplier sells a single product on an online platform provided by a retailer, and then hires a 3PL firm for transportation services. The 3PL firm may choose to raise capital through equity financing from external financial institutions, which can be used to support technology innovations to reduce the transportation cost. The financing decision of the 3PL in- teracts with operational decisions of the platform supply chain via possible cost savings. We start with investigating the supply chain coordination by characterizing the optimal operational decisions of the three firms under any given equity financing strategy. Acting non-cooperatively, the 3PL firm and the online retailer first determine the freight charge and revenue sharing respectively, in light of which the supplier’s decision on the retail price. We then move to the 3PL firm internally and derive the optimal equity financing strategy. Our analytical results show that the supply chain efficiency is dependent on the cost allocation between the retailer and the other two firms, but independent of the cost allocation between those two firms. It is also revealed that the original shareholders of the 3PL firm always have a chance to benefit from an appropriate financing strategy, and the optimal financing strategy may depend discontinuously on supply chain parameters. Finally, we check the robustness of our model and show that all key findings remain unchanged when relaxing the deterministic cost reduction to an uncertain one.
Keywords: Technology innovation | Equity financing | Platform supply chain | Non-cooperative game theory
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Conventional automotive supply chains under Chinas dual-credit policy: fuel economy, production and coordination
زنجیره تأمین خودرو متعارف تحت سیاست اعتبار دوگانه چین: اقتصاد سوخت ، تولید و هماهنگی-2021
As a sustainability policy in emerging markets, the dual-credit policy was implemented in China to reduce corporate average fuel consumption and to promote new energy vehicles (NEVs). Through a game theoretic approach, the fuel economy improvement level and the production of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and NEVs are discussed. Research and development cost sharing contracts and ICEV revenue sharing contracts are designed to coordinate conventional automotive supply chains. We compare the current and revised dual-credit policy, identify some policy flaws and propose amendments. The dual-credit policy does not always help automotive supply chains to improve fuel economy, reduce the production of high fuel con- sumption vehicles, and produce more low fuel consumption vehicles and NEVs. The implementation and se- lection of coordination contracts are explored. Both of the above contracts may not be able to coordinate the supply chain, and cost sharing contracts may be better than revenue sharing contracts in some cases. Finally, we present some management insights into the response to the dual-credit policy.
Keywords: Dual-credit policy | Automotive supply chain | Fuel economy | Coordination contract | Emerging market
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Multi-outsourcing supply chain coordination under yield and demand uncertainties
هماهنگی بین زنجیره تامین چند برون سپاری تحت عدم قطعیت عملکرد و تقاضا-2021
As a popular production mode, outsourcing enables the cost saving for original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the acquisition of advanced technology for contract manufacturer (CM). We consider a multi-outsourcing supply chain within the voluntary compliance regime. The game between one OEM facing uncertain demand and arbitrary CMs owning uncertain yields is modeled to study the interactions regarding lot-sizing decisions. A general method is developed to prove the concavity of profit functions, which is formidable to accomplish based on Hessian Matrix. The optimal ordering and production strategies are subsequently characterized. A revenue sharing with surplus purchase contract with great flexibility in parameter selection is proposed to coordinate the supply chain. We find that there exist threshold outsourcing prices beyond which the CMs are motivated to overproduce, otherwise they tend to produce in consistent with the orders. In a competitive market, price war is not a wise strategy for CM due to profit sacrifice. By contrast, if the selling price charged by the OEM is high, a smart CM can appropriately raise its outsourcing price because the order quantity difference among CMs is relatively small. Although supply stability improvement and outsourcing price reduction are both welcomed by the OEM, the latter is more important for it to consider in allocating orders.
Keywords: Multiple sourcing | Supply chain management | Random yield | Newsvendor | Game theory
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Employing revenue sharing strategies when confronted with uncertain and promotion-sensitive demand
به کارگیری استراتژی های تقسیم درآمد هنگام مواجه شدن با تقاضای نامشخص و حساس به ارتقا-2020
Revenue sharing (RS) refers to the distribution of income among stakeholders (e.g., manufacturers and retailers) in a business-to-business environment. This method is a widely employed marketing strategy in the video rental, telecoms, computer, sports, and music industries, among others. Promotional activities are also a popular method of stimulating sales. This study considers a decentralized supply chain, in which a manufacturer sells products to a retailer under conditions of uncertain and promotion-sensitive demand, using either a manufacturer or retailer promotion. The study aims to determine how RS affects the decision making and profits of both manufacturers and retailers. It seeks to uncover whether RS benefits channel members in the cases of manufacturer and retailer promotions. The results show that when the manufacturer promotes products to end customers, RS is an effective incentive for increasing the profits of manufacturers and retailers. However, retailers may be unwilling to share revenue when they undertake their own promotional activities based on different demand function settings. The findings add novel insights to the literature of management, which can be used by business decision makers.
Keywords: Operations-marketing interface | Revenue sharing | Promotion | Profit | Uncertain demand
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Employing revenue sharing strategies when confronted with uncertain and promotion-sensitive demand
استفاده از استراتژی های تقسیم درآمد هنگام مواجهه با تقاضای نامشخص و حساس به تبلیغ-2020
Revenue sharing (RS) refers to the distribution of income among stakeholders (e.g., manufacturers and retailers) in a business-to-business environment. This method is a widely employed marketing strategy in the video rental, telecoms, computer, sports, and music industries, among others. Promotional activities are also a popular method of stimulating sales. This study considers a decentralized supply chain, in which a manufacturer sells products to a retailer under conditions of uncertain and promotion-sensitive demand, using either a manufacturer or retailer promotion. The study aims to determine how RS affects the decision making and profits of both manufacturers and retailers. It seeks to uncover whether RS benefits channel members in the cases of manufacturer and retailer promotions. The results show that when the manufacturer promotes products to end customers, RS is an effective incentive for increasing the profits of manufacturers and retailers. However, retailers may be unwilling to share revenue when they undertake their own promotional activities based on different demand function settings. The findings add novel insights to the literature of management, which can be used by business decision makers.
Keywords: Operations-marketing interface | Revenue sharing | Promotion | Profit | Uncertain demand
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Reverse supply chain coordination under stochastic remanufacturing capacity
هماهنگی زنجیره تامین معکوس تحت ظرفیت باز - ساخت تصادفی-2018
In this paper, a two-stage reverse supply chain (RSC) is analyzed where the retailer pays rewards to customers to return obsolete products and the manufacturer refurbishes eligible returned items through remanufacturing process. Remanufacturing capacity is assumed as a stochastic variable. Under the uncertainty of remanufacturing capacity, it is possible that some inspected and eligible items could not be processed. If a bought item could not be processed, it should be salvaged at low prices and be considered a lost profit. In such situations, increasing the number of returned obsolete products is suitable where there is a high probability for enough capacity in the remanufacturing process. In this study, a stochastic model is developed to find the optimal paid reward to customers under both scenarios, including decentralized (where the retailer decides independently on reward amount) and centralized (where reward amount is determined based on the whole channel interest). By sharing the manufacturer’s capacity risk, a revenue sharing contract is proposed to convince the retailer to consider uncertainty of remanufacturing capacity in deciding reward amount. Under the proposed contract, a part of retailer revenue is postponed until the remanufacturing process is completed. Non-eligible items, as well as those that cannot be processed due to insufficient capacity are not involved in revenue sharing with the retailer. Our numerical investigations reveal that the proposed scheme is able to coordinate the investigated RSC under the uncertainty of remanufacturing capacity. Contrary to the decentralized scenario, the proposed model recommends fewer paid rewards to customers when there is a high possibility of insufficient capacity in the remanufacturing process.
keywords: Reverse supply chain |Obsolete product |Stochastic remanufacturing capacity |Supply chain coordination
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Coordination contracts of dual-channel with cooperation advertising in closed-loop supply chains
قراردادهای هماهنگی دو کانال با تبلیغات همکاری در زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته-2017
On the background of an online/offline dual channel, this paper studies contract coordination of cen tralized and decentralized dual-channel closed-loop supply chains. With the feature of recycle rate fluctuation, we develop a revenue-sharing mechanism by taking the relationship between the recycle rate and the recycle revenue sharing ratio into consideration. After comparing of centralized decision and the manufacturing led decentralized decision, the optimal online/offline price, wholesale price and ad vertising investment are derived. The influence of revenue sharing ratio in forward and reverse channels on the online/offline prices and wholesale prices is discussed. The numeric example is used for observing the relationship between variables, and between the optimal profit and variables through analysis of changing parameter valuations.
Keywords: Closed-loop supply chains | Contract coordination | Channel conflict | Revenue sharing | Online to offline
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Optimization and coordination of supply chain with revenue sharing contracts and service requirement under supply and demand uncertainty
بهینه سازی و هماهنگی زنجیره تامین با قراردادهای اشتراک درآمد و نیاز به خدمات تحت عدم اطمینان عرضه و تقاضا-2017
In a one-supplier-one-buyer supply chain, uncertainty occurs not only at the demand side, but also at the supply side, which is commonly observed in business. Optimization and coordination of such a supply chain is rarely investigated in literature, especially with service requirement. In this paper we model the supply chain with revenue sharing contract and service requirement under supply and demand uncertainty. Firstly, we derive the buyers and the suppliers optimal policies, and find the conditions to coordinate the supply chain. Secondly, we prove that the buyers and the suppliers optimal quantities are both non-decreasing of the service requirement. We also find there exists an optimal supply quantity for the supplier, if the buyers ordering quantity based on her service requirement exceeds the suppliers optimal supply quantity, then the suppliers profit is a non increasing function of the buyers order quantity; otherwise, the suppliers profit is a non-decreasing function of the buyers order quantity. Thirdly, by comparing with the benchmark supply chain model where only demand uncertainty is considered, we find that in the coordinated supply chain under supply and demand uncertainty, the revenue sharing ratio for the supplier will be higher if the wholesale price remains the same, or the wholesale price will be higher if the revenue sharing ratio for the supplier keeps the same.
Keywords: Supply and demand uncertainty | Revenue sharing contracts |Service requirement |Supply chain coordination |Optimization
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Virtual items trade in online social games
موارد تجارت مجازی در بازی های اجتماعی آنلاین-2017
This paper studies the virtual item trades in online social games. Game players are heterogeneous in terms of gaming experience, and experienced game players are more efficient in acquiring virtual items. We find that it is possible for a contribution-maximizing platform to match the efficient player with the low-end market, depending on the interplays between social interactions and efficiency heterogeneity. The market share of each game player increases in her social influence and decreases in her propensity to be influenced. In addition, we compare different revenue management strategies to provide operational and marketing policy recommendations. We find that the instantaneous reward model could dominate the basic stage-wise reward model when the social interactions are strong and asymmetric. Furthermore, transaction taxes are double-edged swords because the gain from revenue sharing could disincentivize the game players contribu tions. Our results serve as guidelines for the joint design of virtual item market and social network structures in online games.
Keywords: Social network | Two-sided market | Online games |Virtual items
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Multi-manufacturer pricing and quality management strategies in the presence of brand differentiation and return policy
استراتژی های قیمت گذاری و مدیریت کیفیت چندسازنده در حضور تمایز نام تجاری و بازگشت سیاست -2017
In this paper, we consider a supply chain in which multiple manufacturers sell a single product through a common retail channel. The demand at the retailer’s end depends on the retail price and quality of the product. Each manufacturer customizes his/her product to differentiate it from the other manufacturers’ products. Manufacturers compete with each other over price and quality in the presence of brand differ entiation. In this set up, we consider two scenarios: (i) when customers do not have the facility of return and refund, and (ii) when customers do have the facility of return and get full refund. We analyze the pricing and quality management strategies of the manufacturers and the retailer in each scenario for cen tralized and decentralized systems. Through our study we find that brand differentiation increases retail price and quality of the product. We also see that, to make full refund policy more profitable than no return, reservation price has to be set higher. Using revenue sharing mechanism, we coordinate the decentralized system and make it a win-win situation for each party involved. Finally, through a numer ical example, we analyze the effect of various parameter-values on the decision making strategies of our model.
Keywords: Multi-manufacturer competition | Brand differentiation | No refund | Full refund
مقاله انگلیسی
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