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نتیجه جستجو - Royalty

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 7
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Distribution channel and licensing strategy choice considering consumer online reviews in a closed-loop supply chain
کانال توزیع و انتخاب استراتژی صدور مجوز با در نظر گرفتن بررسی های آنلاین مصرف کنندگان در یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته-2021
This research builds two-period game models to address the choice issues of the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)’s licensing strategy and the Independent Remanufacturer (IR)’s distribution channel, considering consumer online reviews in a closed-loop supply chain. In both periods, the OEM sells new products by the direct distribution channel. In period 2, the OEM determines the licensing strategy (the fixed or royalty fee) to authourize the IR to remanufacture, and then the IR chooses the distribution channel (direct or indirect) for remanufactured products. Interestingly, our results show that the IR prefers the direct channel when the remanufacturing cost is smaller. And the obtained willingness-to-pay (WTP) from consumer online reviews has a positive impact on the threshold value of the remanufacturing cost. Moreover, we find that the OEM’s licensing strategy choice depends on the sizes of the fixed licensing fee and the obtained WTP. The OEM will choose the royalty licensing strategy to the IR who has chosen the direct channel, when the fixed fee and the obtained WTP are smaller. Finally, we find the optimal royalty fee, numerically examine the impact of the interaction among these factors on consumer surplus and social welfare, and relax the basic assumption to show the robustness of our model.
Keywords: Remanufacturing | Distribution Channel | Licensing strategy | Consumer online reviews |Pricing
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Blockchain-based royalty contract transactions scheme for Industry 4:0 supply-chain management
طرح معاملات قرارداد حق امتیاز مبتنی بر بلاکچین برای مدیریت زنجیره تأمین صنعت 4:0-2021
Industry 4.0-based oil and gas supply-chain (OaG-SC) industry automates and efficiently executes most of the processes by using cloud computing (CC), artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), and industrial Internet of things (IIoT). However, managing various operations in OaG-SC industries is a challenging task due to the involvement of various stakeholders. It includes landowners, Oil and Gas (OaG) company operators, surveyors, local and national level government bodies, financial institutions, and insurance institutions. During mining, OaG company needs to pay incentives as a royalty to the landowners. In the traditional existing schemes, the process of royalty transaction is performed between the OaG company and landowners as per the contract between them before the start of the actual mining process. These contracts can be manipulated by attackers (insiders or outsiders) for their advantages, creating an unreliable and un-trusted royalty transaction. It may increase disputes between both parties. Hence, a reliable, cost-effective, trusted, secure, and tamper-resistant scheme is required to execute royalty contract transactions in the OaG industry. Motivated from these research gaps, in this paper, we propose a blockchain-based scheme, which securely executes the royalty transactions among various stakeholders in OaG industries. We evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme and the smart contracts’ functionalities and compared it with the existing state-of-the-art schemes using various parameters. The results obtained illustrate the superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the existing schemes in the literature.
Keywords: Blockchain | Smart contract | Oil and gas industry | Supply chain management | Royalty
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Patent assertion entities and the courts: Injunctive or fee-based relief?
نهادهای ادعای ثبت اختراع و دادگاه ها: تخفیف غیرعلنی یا مبتنی بر هزینه؟-2020
A 2006 U.S. Supreme Court decision encouraged district courts to rely more on license fees and less on injunctions as a remedy for patent infringement. This paper provides a simple model in which a paten towning patent assertion entity(PAE) ¨ and an infringing firm engage in Nash bargaining over a possible license fee after the PAE initiates an infringement lawsuit. We compare a fee-based regime in which the court imposes a fair value license fee if there is no settlement with a regime in which failure to reach a settlement leads to an injunction that disrupts production. The injunctive regime always involves a settlement but, in a fee-based regime, settlements occur only for patents on drastic innovations (as defined by Arrow, 1962). For small incremental innovations, PAEs prefer the injunctive regime because negotiated license fees are higher. For higher value innovations, license fees are lower in the injunctive regime and PAEs would prefer the fee-based regime, contrary to the presumption that injunctive regimes necessarily favor PAEs
Keywords: License fee bargaining | Patent litigation | Patent trolls | Royalty
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Quantity and collection decisions in a closed-loop supply chain with technology licensing
تعداد و تصمیم گیری های مجموعه در یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته با مجوز فن آوری-2017
Industry practice has shown that technology licensing has an important effect on the remanufacturing of patented products by third parties. Different licensing methods significantly impact a supply chain member’s production and collection decisions, and they also have influential effects on reverse channel performance. However, there is scant literature investigating the decision on technology licensing and its impact on a supply chain member’s production and collection decisions. To address this gap, we consider a manufacturer, as the patent holder, who produces new and remanufactured products and, simultane ously, he and a remanufacturer (as the licensee, who by law can only produce remanufactured products) competitively collects used products from the market in a two-period closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). We investigate two licensing patterns, fixed fee versus royalty, within the CLSC in a Cournot duopoly model. We find that royalty licensing is dominated by fixed fee licensing from the viewpoints of both the consumer surplus and environmental protection. Our result also shows that the manufacturer’s optimal licensing strategy is determined by a threshold of the fixed fee: when the fixed fee is below a threshold, it is better for the manufacturer to use a royalty licensing, whereas fixed-fee licensing should be used when the fixed fee is higher than a threshold.
Keywords: Remanufacturing | Patented product | Fixed-fee licensing | Royalty licensing |Game theory
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Brand loyalties in designer luxury and fast fashion co-branding alliances
وفاداری برند در طراحی لوکس و سریع مد اتحاد و همکاری نام تجاری -2017
Fast fashion brands, such as H & M, have co-branding projects with designer luxury brands. However, how the brand loyalties of the associated brands theoretically affect the co-brandings performance is largely unknown. Motivated by the observed industrial practices, we build a formal analytical model to examine the impacts of brand loyalty on revenues in luxury and fast fashion co-branding. The commonly adopted schemes in industry such as the profit sharing scheme, fixed-royalty scheme and mergers scheme are examined to investigate the brand performance. It is analytically found that the associated brands would perform best under the mergers scheme. This implies that the internal cooperation within a big group is the most desirable strategy for co branding. Moreover, we provide the analytical evidence that fast fashion brands should work with well-known luxury fashion brands for brand alliance.
Keywords: Luxury fashion | Brand loyalty | Co-branding | Brand alliance management
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Online-offline fashion franchising supply chains without channel conflicts: Choices on postponement and contracts
زنجیره تامین زنجیره امتیازی مد اینترنتی آفلاین و بدون درگیری کانال: انتخاب های تعویقی قراردادها-2017
Online-offline operations are known to induce channel conflicts if the same products are offered by them. Under many franchising arrangements in the fashion industry, to avoid channel conflicts and cannibalization between the franchisee and the brand owner, the brand owner will first supply the product for the franchisee to sell offline in the first period. After that, the brand owner will sell the product online directly in the second period. We explore this online-offline model with the focal points on the choice of franchising contract and the ordering time. By modelling the choices under four different scenarios, we derive the analytical conditions in which one scenario is preferred to another scenario with respect to contract type and ordering time option. We examine the problem from the perspectives of the brand owner, the franchisee and the supply chain. We identify the situations in which the optimal choices of the brand owner and the supply chain are the same, as well as the conditions when Pareto improvement is achievable.
Keywords: Online-to-offline operations | O2O | Franchise | Supply chain management | Wholesale pricing contract | Profit sharing royalty | Choice of contracts | Information updating
مقاله انگلیسی
7 چارچوبی مفهومی برای آشنایی با جمع سپاری
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 32 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 61
جمع¬سپاری یکی از فرایندهای مبتنی بر فناوری است که سریعاً در حال رشد است و می¬تواند فضای بازار سرمایه را به هم بریزد. اجرای صحیح این فرایند مستلزم شفاف¬سازی مسائل پیرامون این پدیده از دیدگاه بنیان¬گذاران، حامیان و تأمین¬کنندگان فناوری است. در ابتدا برای شناسایی ذینفعان و نقش آن¬ها در فرایند جمع¬سپاری از یک دیدگاه مبتنی بر اکوسیستم استفاده می¬کنیم. با تمرکز بر میزان تناسب پژوهش¬های کنونی با کل پدیده جمع¬سپاری به مرور منابع می¬پردازیم. بر اساس رویکردهای پژوهشی نوع-شناسی و طبقه¬بندی، شش مدل مختلف کسب و کار جمع¬سپاری یعنی سرمایه¬گذاری خصوصی، حق امتیاز، تأمین مالی خُرد، وام¬دهی فرد به فرد، ارائه هدایا، و کمک مالی را شناسایی می¬کنیم. با توجه به نقش¬های شناسایی¬شده و مدل¬های کسب و کار جمع¬سپاری یک چارچوب پژوهشی مفهومی ارائه می-کنیم. در انتها میزان تناسب پژوهش¬های کنونی با چارچوب پژوهشی خود را نشان می¬دهیم و پیشنهادهایی برای جهت¬گیری¬های پژوهشی آتی ارائه می¬کنیم. کلیدواژه¬ها: جمع سپاری | مدل های جمع سپاری | ذینفعان | نوع شناسی | چارچوب پژوهشی | مرور منابع | جمع سپاری مبتنی بر ارائه هدایا | جمع سپاری مبتنی بر سرمایه گذاری خصوصی | جمع سپاری مبتنی بر حق امتیاز | جمع سپاری مبتنی بر تأمین مالی خُرد | جمع سپاری مبتنی بر وام دهی فرد به فرد | جمع سپاری مبتنی بر کمک های مالی.
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