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نتیجه جستجو - Singapore

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 31
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Accounting for spatial autocorrelation is needed to avoid misidentifying trade-offs and bundles among ecosystem services
حسابداری برای خودهمبستگی فضایی مورد نیاز برای جلوگیری از شناسایی نادرست مبادلات و بسته‌ها در میان خدمات اکوسیستم-2021
The identification of relationships between multiple ecosystem services (ES) (i.e. trade-offs, synergies and bundles) is essential for ES management. However, the identification of ES relationships may be susceptible to spatial autocorrelation — a statistical bias due to ES observations being related to each other across space. Spatial autocorrelation remains largely overlooked in the literature on ES relationships and its implications are not clear. Here we assess the implication of not accounting for spatial autocorrelation when determining ES relationships using four ES found in the city-state of Singapore. We quantify the ES relationships using some of the most common methods of determining relationships between ES: correlation, regression and principal component analysis. We then compare each method with the corresponding method that accounts for spatial autocorrela- tion. We found that accounting for spatial autocorrelation resulted in less statistically significant ES relationships, especially at finer resolutions, in correlations (33.3% less significant relationships) and regressions (50% less relationships). Depending on the spatial resolution, different ES were bundled when accounting for spatial autocorrelation when using principal component analysis. Our results suggest that not accounting for spatial autocorrelation in ES relationship studies is likely to result in the misidentification of ES trade-off, synergies and bundles. We thus recommend that future ES relationship studies consider the effects of spatial autocorrelation in their analyses.
keywords: نرم افزار خدمات اکوسیستم | تجزیه فضایی | تجارت | همکاری | مشارکت طبیعت به مردم | مزایای طبیعت | Ecosystem services bundles | Spatial analysis | Trade-offs | Synergies | Nature’s contributions to people | Nature’s benefits
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Evaluating the urban metabolism sustainability of municipal solid waste management system: An extended exergy accounting and indexing perspective
ارزیابی متابولیسم شهری پایداری سیستم مدیریت ضایعات جامد شهری: حسابداری اگزرژی گسترده و دیدگاه نمایه سازی-2021
In this study, Extended Exergy Accounting was adopted to develop an accounting model to evaluate the performance of a Municipal Solid Waste Management System. Furthermore, urban metabolism sustainability index for waste was also proposed to represent the unified society-economy-environment impacts of the MSWMS under the framework of a comprehensive sustainability evaluation. A detailed analysis of wood and horticultural waste treatment scenarios in Singapore was done as a case study. It was found that the gasification scenario theoretically performs significantly better than the incineration scenario, in terms of energy carrier consumption, emissions, thermodynamic efficiency and sustainability. Analysis results show that, if extrapolated to Singapore’s total wood and horticultural waste, gasification technology has potential to reduce energy consumption and increase electricity output. An uncertainty analysis was carried out and it was found that the main extended exergetic parameters of the two scenarios considered were in the range of 3–8%, thus confirming the reliability of the accounting results. A sensitivity analysis of the urban metabolism sustainability index for waste was conducted for the gasification scenario to identify key influencing factors and seek potential improvements; this was done by considering changes in four variables: transportation distance, electrical efficiency, working hour increment and gross capital cost per ton waste treated. It was found that, to ensure the feasibility and sustainability of gasification scenario, the following are required: keeping the electricity production efficiency greater than 21.33%; the transportation distance between the gasification power plant and source of wood and horticultural waste should be kept within 17.08 km; employment of per kton annual treatment capacity should be less than 0.14 workers; wood and horticultural waste source should control the waste collection frequency of no more than 3 times per day and the number of workers participating in the collection each time is less than 4 persons, totaling to 12 workers per day.
keywords: تجزیه و تحلیل Exergy را گسترش دهید | زباله جامد شهری | ارزیابی پایداری | متابولیسم شهری | اگزرژی کار | Exergy اصلاح محیط زیست | Extend exergy analysis | Municipal solid waste | Sustainability assessment | Urban metabolism | Labor exergy | Environmental remediation exergy
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Unintended consequences of minimum annuity laws: An experimental study
عواقب ناخواسته حداقل قوانین سالانه: یک مطالعه تجربی-2020
The need to ensure that people have adequate savings for retirement has prompted debate among regulators and academics. Certain countries have implemented or are consider- ing implementing mandatory minimum annuity laws (e.g., Singapore and Israel), whereas others have repealed or are considering repealing such legislation (e.g., the U.K.). We in- vestigate the introduction as well as the repeal of a regulatory change—specifically, a mandatory minimum annuity rule—using a laboratory experiment and two surveys. Our results indicate that imposing a mandatory minimum may create an anchoring effect to the threshold level. Furthermore, our results suggest that the mandatory requirement may have unintended consequences: Such laws may fail to provide an increase in the demand for annuities and may even reduce it for certain individuals. The outcome is sensitive to the relation between the level of the mandatory minimum and anticipated consumption (i.e., future financial need). Moreover, we provide novel evidence about the consequences of a repeal of mandatory minimum annuity laws and suggest that it may not restore the demand for annuities to the pre-law level.
Keywords: Mandatory annuity | Anchoring | Household finance
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Integrated Digital Delivery: Implementation status and project performance in the Singapore construction industry
تحویل یکپارچه دیجیتال: وضعیت پیاده سازی و عملکرد پروژه در صنعت ساخت سنگاپور-2020
Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD) was launched to transform the approach to construction through the implementation of digital technologies. Whilst technologies have the potential to improve project performance, there are limited studies on IDD in the context of the construction industry. Hence, this study investigates the level of IDD implementation and the perceived improvements on project performance. Based on the literature review, 32 digital and cloud technologies have been identified and formed the basis for a structured survey questionnaire, which was distributed to target respondents covering the major roles of the construction industry in Singapore. The responses were analyzed to determine the existing level of IDD implementation and the perceived improvements in project performance contributed by IDD implementation, followed by post-survey interviews to validate the findings from the survey. The study found that only 38.71% of the organizations implemented IDD technologies in all four IDD phases. BIM, prefabrication, BIM-to-field mobile applications and building management system were the most frequently used technologies in the four phases respectively. The respondents largely agreed that IDD implementation improved overall project, project cost, project quality and project schedule performance. The findings from this study provide better understanding of the existing level of IDD implementation and the perceived improvements in project performance, serving as a starting point for future research on increasing IDD implementation.
Keywords: Integrated digital delivery | Construction industry | Improvements in project performance | Implementation status | Singapore
مقاله انگلیسی
5 یک مجموعه داده و مدل رده بندی برای موسیقی ملایی , هندی , تامیل(زبان سریلانکایی) و چینی
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 4 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 7
در این مقاله ما مجموعه ای از داده جدید ارائه می دهیم , با موسیقیایی به استثنای سه گروه قومی اصلی در سنگاپور:چینی , مالایی و هندی (هندی و تامیل(سریلانکایی)). ما این مجموعه داده جدید را برای پرورش رده بندی متفاوت مدل ها در جهت تمیز دادن موسیقی و آهنگ اصلی در واژه های این گروه های قومی استفاده می کنیم. مدل های رده بندی به وسیله ی کاوش در استفاده از ویژگی های موسیقیایی متفاوت که وارد شده اند همان طور بهینه شده بودند. هر دو ویژگی های سطح بالا , به عنوان مثال, ویژگی های معنا دارد موسیقیایی, همچنین ویژگی های سطح پایین , به عنوان مثال طیف نگاره بر اساس این ویژگی ها , از فایل های صوتی استخراج شده همین طور برای بهینه سازی عملکرد مدل های رده بندی متفاوت به کار رفته اند.
کلمات کلیدی: رده بندی موسیقایی | گروه های قومی | یادگیری ماشین
مقاله ترجمه شده
6 International wildlife trade, avian influenza, organised crime and the effectiveness of CITES: The Chinese hwamei as a case study
تجارت بین المللی حیات وحش ، آنفلوانزای مرغی ، جرایم سازمان یافته و اثربخشی CITES: هوآمی چینی به عنوان مطالعه موردی-2020
The Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is the most important global initiative to monitor and regulate the international trade of plants and animals, but there is a lack of (retrospective) assessments of the effectiveness of its actions. We here focus on the international trade in Chinese hwamei Garrulax canorus, a songbird native to south-eastern China and northern Lao PDR and Vietnam. Prior to the year 2000, the species was heavily traded as an ornamental cage bird, both in countries within and outside its natural range. In an effort to prevent international overexploitation, at the request of China, the Chinese hwamei was listed in Appendix II of CITES, regulating all international trade. Here we compare data from three non-range countries (Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia) for which we have bird market survey data prior to and following the CITES listing. In addition, we assess whether or not CITES import and export figures agree with observations in the bird markets, and explore the contemporary (online) trade and trafficking in Chinese hwamei. We find a clear effect of the CITES listing and Chinese export restrictions in Indonesia (before ~50 birds/survey vs ~15 birds/survey after), but not in Thailand (~10 vs ~13) and Singapore (~4 vs ~16). Singapore is the only country that reports the import of Chinese hwamei, 1650 birds in 2002e2004 only, possibly accounting for a proportion of the birds observed in trade. In contrast, neither Thailand nor Indonesia report the import of a single Chinese hwamei since its CITES listing, despite some 2000 birds having been recorded openly for sale, suggesting large-scale illegal international trade in the species. Five seizures in Singapore and Indonesia were mostly because of concern about avian influenza. Price data, corrected for inflation, suggests that prices for Chinese hwamei have increased substantially, albeit following a delay, from ~US$50 prior to the listing to ~ US$200 after. We conclude that the CITES Appendix II listing of Chinese hwamei has had some positive effect on reducing the volumes of these birds in international trade, mainly through implementation of domestic legislation in China, but that substantial illegal or undocumented trade persists in Southeast Asia, involving organised criminal networks.We recommend actions from range countries, such as China, to cease the illegal export of Chinese hwamei, from importing countries such as Indonesia, to ensure no illegal shipments of birds enter their country, and for consumer countries where the species cannot legally be traded to curb the illegal domestic trade as the demand for songbirds in these markets drives the trafficking.
Keywords: Anthropogenic allee effect | China | Indonesia | Illegal wildlife trade | Organised crime | Overexploitation | songbird | Wildlife trafficking
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Democracy, constitutional framework, and human rights: A comparison of Monaco, Tonga, Hong Kong, and Singapore
دموکراسی، چارچوب قانون اساسی و حقوق بشر: مقایسه موناکو، تونگا، هنگ کنگ و سنگاپور-2020
This article examines constitutional protection of human rights, in particular civil liberties and political rights, in two democratic and two undemocratic regimes respectively. While the existing literature is consensual on the importance of constitutional democracy in upholding fundamental human rights, the discussion on authoritarianism is limited. This paper provides a comparative framework and suggests that not only do the constitutional democracies, namely Tonga and Monaco, perform well on constitutional human rights protection, Hong Kong and Singapore, both undemocratic, also demonstrate a similar level of protection on paper. Combining with their performance on human rights protection, it is argued that constitutional provisions in both democratic and authoritarian states carry limited significance, but how constitutions are interpreted and implemented matter the most.
Keywords: Democracy | Constitution | Civil liberties | Political rights | Human rights
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Effective industrial policy implementation for open innovation: The role of government resources and capabilities
اجرای مؤثر سیاست های صنعتی برای نوآوری آزاد: نقش منابع و توانایی های دولت-2020
This study examines how the implementation of industrial policy through public research and development funding impacts the outcome of open innovation collaboration between public research institutes and firms. Based on empirical study of 153 public-private technology transfer projects in the context of Singapore economy and its biotechnology sector, we found that project funding significantly and positively influences their innovation collaboration outcome. We established that public research institutes’ top management team capability in portfolio management partially mediates the conversion of project funding into innovation collaboration outcome.
Keywords (JEL): Industrial policy | Open innovation | Public R&D | Technology commercialization | Top management team
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Detecting adverse drug reactions in discharge summaries of electronic medical records using Readpeer
بررسی عوارض جانبی دارویی در خلاصه تخلیه سوابق پزشکی الکترونیکی با استفاده از Readpeer-2019
Background: Hospital discharge summaries offer a potentially rich resource to enhance pharmacovigilance efforts to evaluate drug safety in real-world clinical practice. However, it is infeasible for experts to read through all discharge summaries to find cases of drug-adverse event (AE) relations. Purpose: The objective of this paper is to develop a natural language processing (NLP) framework to detect drug- AE relations from unstructured hospital discharge summaries. Basic procedures: An NLP algorithm was designed using customized dictionaries of drugs, adverse event (AE) terms, and rules based on trigger phrases, negations, fuzzy logic and word distances to recognize drug, AE terms and to detect drug-AE relations. Furthermore, a customized annotation tool was developed to facilitate expert review of discharge summaries from a tertiary hospital in Singapore in 2011. Main findings: A total of 33 trial sets with 50 to 100 records per set were evaluated (1620 discharge summaries) by our algorithm and reviewed by pharmacovigilance experts. After every 6 trial sets, drug and AE dictionaries were updated, and rules were modified to improve the system. Excellent performance was achieved for drug and AE entity recognition with over 92% precision and recall. On the final 6 sets of discharge summaries (600 records), our algorithm achieved 75% precision and 59% recall for identification of valid drug-AE relations. Principal conclusions: Adverse drug reactions are a significant contributor to health care costs and utilization. Our algorithm is not restricted to particular drugs, drug classes or specific medical specialties, which is an important attribute for a national regulatory authority to carry out comprehensive safety monitoring of drug products. Drug and AE dictionaries may be updated periodically to ensure that the tool remains relevant for performing surveillance activities. The development of the algorithm, and the ease of reviewing and correcting the results of the algorithm as part of an iterative machine learning process, is an important step towards use of hospital discharge summaries for an active pharmacovigilance program
Keywords: Pharmacovigilance | Text mining | Electronic medical records | Expert system | Adverse drug reaction
مقاله انگلیسی
10 صنعت گردشگری پزشکی ایران و کشورهای منتخب در سال ۲۰۲۰: یک مطالعه تطبیقی
سال انتشار: 2019 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 18
تاریخچه و هدف: امروزه گردشگری پزشکی یک پدیده رو به رشد در صنعت مراقبت‌های بهداشتی، به ویژه در میان کشورهای در حال توسعه است. اهداف: هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه صنعت گردشگری پزشکی ایران با کشورهای منتخب است.
روش‌ها: این مطالعه مقایسه‌ای در سال ۲۰۲۰ انجام شد. داده‌ها از پایگاه‌های داده شاملPubCM PubMed ، Web of Knowledge ، Scopus ، Magiran ، SID و وب سایت‌های انجمن گردشگری جهانی، وزارت گردشگری و وزارت بهداشت کشورهای منتخب از سال ۲۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۲۰ جمع‌آوری شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از چک لیست محقق ساخته استفاده شد. کشورهای منتخب از نظر وضعیت گردشگری و رقابت در سفر، وضعیت حاکمیت و سیاست گذاری، وضعیت صنعت گردشگری پزشکی، و زیرساخت گردشگری پزشکی با هم مقایسه شدند.
نتایج: تفاوت اصلی بین کشورهای منتخب و ایران در ساختار سازمانی سهامداران اصلی صنعت گردشگری است. در کشورهای دیگر، این صنعت توسط نهادهای هماهنگی خاص سازمان دهی و نظارت می‌شود. از نظر گردشگری و رقابت در سفر، سنگاپور با رتبه جهانی ۱۷، بهتر از سایر کشورها بود. براساس وضعیت صنعت گردشگری پزشکی، کاستاریکا در جهان در رتبه هفتم، و سنگاپور، امارات ‌متحده‌عربی (‏دبی)‏، ترکیه، امارات ‌متحده‌عربی (‏ابوظبی)‏، اردن، و ایران به ترتیب در رتبه‌های ۱۵، ۲۲، ۲۷، ۳۱، ۳۵ و ۴۱ قرار دارند. در ایران، همه شاخص‌های زیرساخت گردشگری پزشکی پایین‌تر از سایر کشورها به جز قیمت‌های رقابتی بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به رتبه پایین ایران در تمامی مولفه‌های مورد مطالعه، ساختار یکپارچگی سازمانی صنعت گردشگری پزشکی و افزایش رقابت‌پذیری می‌تواند به توسعه این صنعت در ایران کمک کند.
کلمات کلیدی: گردشگری | پزشکی | گردشگری سلامت | کشورها | توسعه | مطالعه تطبیقی
مقاله ترجمه شده
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