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نتیجه جستجو - Small-scale mining

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Shifting sands: Legal dispossession of small-scale miners in an extractivist era
جابجایی ماسه ها: عزل قانونی از معدنچیان در مقیاس کوچک در دوره استخراجی-2020
This article argues that the entanglements of a growing global demand for construction material and neoliberal resource governance result in an incremental and piecemeal form of dispossession. While mining in Colombia has been broadly researched, little has been said about sand extraction and the challenges small-scale artisanal miners face when trying to formalise their activities. This article seeks to fill this gap by following a group of areneros (manual sand extractors) who attempt to defend their right to sand extraction against a competing mining claim. Drawn into the domain of the state, the areneros navigate a changing institutional setup and a complex legislation that favours the wealthy, the lettered and the connected. Political-economic interests are masked behind procedures, symbols and legal-administrative means, which create a ‘state effect’ and result in a subtle form of legal dispossession. The article points towards a scalar model of dispossession, in which small-scale mining activities pass through ‘small-scale intermediaries’ to end up in the hands of private corporate actors with capital and technical expertise to conduct large-scale extraction. The article adds to the limited literature on sand extraction and challenges the view that the activity is merely conducted by criminal actors; yet, it argues that subsistence mining is under threat by government and corporate interests, positioning sand extraction as a new resource frontier. As small-scale miners find themselves in the conflict between two competing rights regimes and two competing production logics, they are doubly stretched between proletarianization and eviction, criminalisation and self-erosion.
Keywords: Legal dispossession | Small-scale mining | Sand extraction | Afro-descendants | State-making | Recognition
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Entrepreneurship and innovation in Africas artisanal and small-scale mining sector: Developments and trajectories
کارآفرینی و نوآوری در صنعت معدن و صنعت معدن در مقیاس کوچک در آفریقا: تحولات و مسیرها-2020
This paper explores how artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) – low-tech, labour-intensive mineral processing and extraction – has evolved in sub-Saharan Africa in recent decades. The analysis focuses specifically on the types of entrepreneurs who pursue work at, and innovation that occurs in, the region’s ASM sites, using ideas debated heavily in the management literature, as well as complementary theories and concepts from other disciplines, including development studies, anthropology and human geography. Drawing on findings from ongoing research in Sierra Leone and Liberia, the locations of two of the largest and most complex ASM economies in sub-Saharan Africa, it is argued that legal and policy frameworks implemented for the sector are not aligned with the needs and capabilities of operators, and have therefore impeded efforts to formalize activities. In both countries, these frameworks have created and subsequently galvanized the boundary between two very different ‘worlds’: on the one hand, that of a burgeoning semi-formal artisanal group with limited capacity to mechanize, and on the other hand, that of a small number of individuals who have managed to overcome crippling financial barriers to secure titles to mine using more advanced technology.
Keywords: Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) | Entrepreneurship Innovation | Sierra Leone | Liberia | Sub-saharan africa
مقاله انگلیسی
3 ‘Centres of excellence’ for artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Tanzania: Assumptions around artisanal entrepreneurship and formalization
«مراکز برتری» استخراج صنعتگر و مقیاس کوچک طلا در تانزانیا: مفروضات پیرامون کارآفرینی و رسمی سازی صنعتگران-2020
The Africa Mining Vision reiterates the importance of training centres or ‘centres of excellence’ (COEs) for artisanal and small-scale mining but historically, these have had mixed results, partly due to a lack of under- standing of demand for services. Recently, understanding of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) organizational and financial structures has improved, allowing for a more nuanced comparison of formalization policies that emphasize the ‘entrepreneurial’ nature of ASM operators and those that foreground the importance of poverty as a driving factor. With World Bank support, Tanzania has recently established several COEs including two for the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector. This article examines the potentials of these centres, based on key informant interviews, as well as a literature review of experiences from other African countries. Further, we analyse activities planned at COEs, within the Tanzanian institutional and policy context, which tends to treat ASM as ‘entrepreneurs’. We explore implications of the Tanzanian approach for potential for malization of ASM and transformation of ASM operators into medium-scale mining firms; and identify some institutional tensions and risks involved in implementing the COE approach.
Keywords: artisanal and small-scale mining | formalization | training centres | Tanzania | gold
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Land use/land cover dynamics using landsat data in a gold mining basin-the Ankobra, Ghana
پویایی استفاده از زمین / پوشش زمین با استفاده از داده های زمین در یک حوضه استخراج طلا - آنکارا ، غنا-2019
The Ankobra River basin, which forms part of the Southern-Western River System of Ghana, has become a hub for both large and small-scale mining activities. Some of the activities of these mines threatens the sustainability of its resources in the basin. A study in the basin which focuses on changes in LULC patterns in the basin over the past years is therefore paramount to understand the changes that has taken place and its potential impact on resources in the basin. This study assessed the pattern of Land use/cover changes, and the possible drivers of change, in the basin. The study used multi-spectral Landsat images of 30 m resolution for the years 1991, 2002, 2008 and 2016. The Semi-Automatic Classification Plugin (SCP) in QGIS was used for atmospheric correction, image classification using the spectral angle mapping algorithm, and post processing. The overall difference between the reference and the classified map of 2016 was 5.5% with the overall quantity, exchange and shift components as 1.5%, 3% and 1% respectively. Findings from the study show that, the Ankobra River basin has witnessed noticeable changes over the 25-year study period. Closed forest which occupied 40.4% of the total basin area in 1991 reduced drastically to 22.8% in 2016. The dominant LULC change patterns in the basin are from Closed Forest to Open Forest; Open Forest to Farmland, Settlement/Bare land and Mining Area; and the increase in surface area of Water consequently resulting from the increase in Mining Area. Mining activities, particularly illegal mining was identified to be the dominant driver of deforestation in the Ankobra Basin between the years 2008 and 2016 where mining activities in the basin sharply increased.
Keywords: Land use/land cover (LULC) | Remote sensing | Ankobra River Basin | Galamsey | Supervised classification | Deforestation
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Institutional gaps and challenges in artisanal and small-scale mining in South Africa
شکاف و چالش های سازمانی صنایع دستی در مقیاس کوچک معدن در آفریقای جنوبی-2018
While South Africa is respected in the mining fraternity for its seemingly prosperous large-scale mining industry; its artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector is characterised by informal and illegal activities with limited prospects for growth and contribution to socio-economic development. This paper examines through literature review, the institutional frameworks e.g. policy, legislation and programmes put in place to facilitate the de velopment of the ASM sector in order to identify the gaps and challenges in the ASM sector. The recognition of the ASM sector in 1994 came with a series of frameworks aimed at supporting the development of the sector. This paper finds that while the main legislative framework broadly supports a transformation agenda as it pertains to ASM (e.g. increasing the participation of disadvantaged South Africans) there is considerable criti cism on the requirements of the framework which are argued to have hindered the development of the sector. In line with the current wave of discussions on policy and legislation reforms in the mining and minerals sector in Africa; it is recommended that South Africa as a signatory to the African Mining Vision (AMV), should consider the domestication of the AMV which would result in the development of appropriate support frameworks for the ASM sector to enable it to contribute to the South African economy.
Keywords: Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) ، Zama-zama mining ، Institutional frameworks ، Socio-economic transformation ، South Africa
مقاله انگلیسی
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