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نتیجه جستجو - Smart contract

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 51
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 ECB2: A novel encryption scheme using face biometrics for signing blockchain transactions
ECB2: یک طرح رمزگذاری جدید با استفاده از بیومتریک چهره برای امضای تراکنش های بلاک چین-2021
Blockchain is the technology on the basis of the recent smart and digital contracts. It ensures at this system the required characteristics to be effectively applied. In this work, we propose a novel encryption scheme specifically built to authorize and sign transactions in digital or smart contracts. The face is used as a biometric key, encoded through the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), FaceNet. Then, this encoding is fused with an RSA key by using the Hybrid Information Fusion algorithm (BNIF). The results show a combined key that ensures the identity of the user that is executing the transaction by preserving privacy. Experiments reveal that, even in strong heterogeneous acquisition conditions for the biometric trait, the identity of the user is ensured and the contract is properly signed in less than 1.86 s. The proposed ECB2 encryption scheme is also very fast in the user template creation (0.05s) and requires at most four attempts to recognize the user with an accuracy of 94%.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Blockchain and sustainable supply chain management in developing countries
بلاکچین و مدیریت پایدار زنجیره تامین در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2021
Theoretical, empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that there are more violations of sustainability principles in supply chains in developing countries than in developed countries. Recent research has demonstrated that blockchain can play an important role in promoting supply chain sustainability. In this paper we argue that blockchain’s characteristics are especially important for enforcing sustainability standards in developing coun- tries. We analyze multiple case studies of blockchain projects implemented in supply chains in developing countries to assess product quality, environmental accounting and social impact measurement. We have developed seven propositions, which describe how blockchain can help address a number of challenges various stakeholders face in promoting sustainable supply chains in developing countries. The challenges that the propositions deal with include those associated with an unfavorable institutional environment, high costs, technological limitations, unequal power distribution among supply chain partners and porosity and opacity of value delivery networks.
Keywords: Blockchain | Developing countries | Ethical dilemmas | Institutions | Smart contract | Supply chain | Sustainability | Traceability
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Blockchain-based royalty contract transactions scheme for Industry 4:0 supply-chain management
طرح معاملات قرارداد حق امتیاز مبتنی بر بلاکچین برای مدیریت زنجیره تأمین صنعت 4:0-2021
Industry 4.0-based oil and gas supply-chain (OaG-SC) industry automates and efficiently executes most of the processes by using cloud computing (CC), artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of things (IoT), and industrial Internet of things (IIoT). However, managing various operations in OaG-SC industries is a challenging task due to the involvement of various stakeholders. It includes landowners, Oil and Gas (OaG) company operators, surveyors, local and national level government bodies, financial institutions, and insurance institutions. During mining, OaG company needs to pay incentives as a royalty to the landowners. In the traditional existing schemes, the process of royalty transaction is performed between the OaG company and landowners as per the contract between them before the start of the actual mining process. These contracts can be manipulated by attackers (insiders or outsiders) for their advantages, creating an unreliable and un-trusted royalty transaction. It may increase disputes between both parties. Hence, a reliable, cost-effective, trusted, secure, and tamper-resistant scheme is required to execute royalty contract transactions in the OaG industry. Motivated from these research gaps, in this paper, we propose a blockchain-based scheme, which securely executes the royalty transactions among various stakeholders in OaG industries. We evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme and the smart contracts’ functionalities and compared it with the existing state-of-the-art schemes using various parameters. The results obtained illustrate the superiority of the proposed scheme compared to the existing schemes in the literature.
Keywords: Blockchain | Smart contract | Oil and gas industry | Supply chain management | Royalty
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies: Where is the accounting?
بلاک چین و سایر فناوری های دفتر کل توزیع شده: حسابداری کجاست؟-2021
In a recent survey of academic research, Fintech related topics, broadly classified as cryptocurrency studies, were by far the most researched topics in the social sciences. However, we have observed that, perhaps surprisingly, even though crypto-currencies rely on a distributed accounting ledger technology, relatively few of those studies were conducted by accounting academics. While some of the features of a system like Bitcoin do not necessarily rely on a traditional accounting knowledge, this knowledge is key in designing effective real-world distributed systems. Building on a foundational framework developed by Risius and Spohrer (2017), we provide support for their hypothesis that to date, research in this area has been predominantly of a somewhat narrow focus (i.e., based upon exploiting existing programming solutions without adequately considering the fundamental needs of users). This is particularly reflected by the abundance of Bitcoin-like crypto-currency code-bases with little or no place for business applications. We suggest that this may severely limit an appreciation of the relevance and applicability of decentralized systems, and how they may support value creation and improved governance. We provide supporting arguments for this statement by considering four applied classes of problems where a blockchain/distributed ledger can add value without requiring a crypto-currency to be an integral part of the functioning system. We note that each class of problem has been viewed previously as part of accounting issues within the legacy centralized ledger systems paradigm. We show how accounting knowledge is still relevant in the shift from centralized to decentralized ledger systems. We advance the debate on the development of (crypto-currency free) value-creating distributed ledger systems by showing that applying accounting knowledge in this area has potentially a much wider impact than that currently being applied in areas limited to auditing and operations management. We develop a typology for general distributed ledger design which assists potential users to understand the wide range of choices when developing such systems.
keywords: بارکش | توزیع شده | انطباق قانونی | قراردادهای هوشمند | دارایی Provenance | Blockchain | Distributed ledger | Regulatory compliance | Smart contracts | Asset provenance
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The application of blockchain-based crypto assets for integrating the physical and financial supply chains in the construction & engineering industry
کاربرد دارایی های رمزنگاری مبتنی بر بلاکچین برای ادغام زنجیره های تأمین فیزیکی و مالی در صنعت ساخت و مهندسی-2021
Supply chain integration remains an elusive goal for the construction and engineering industry. The high degree of fragmentation and the reliance on financial institutions has pushed the physical and financial supply chains apart. The paper demonstrates how blockchain-based crypto assets address this limitation when used for conditioning payments on the flow of products. The integration of flows is contrasted in today’s supply chains and those using crypto assets for their payment settlement. The thesis is validated in two construction projects where a smart contract administered payments in crypto currencies and crypto tokens. The findings reveal that crypto assets can enhance both the granularity and the atomicity of the integration between the cash and product flows; the on- and off-chain realities can be directly linked in crypto asset-enabled supply chains. The paper concludes with a discussion of risks such as regulatory landscapes, security, and price volatility and offers potential solutions.
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Exploring smart construction objects as blockchain oracles in construction supply chain management
کاوش اشیا ساخت هوشمند به عنوان اوراکل بلاکچین در مدیریت زنجیره تأمین ساخت و ساز-2021
Blockchain technology has attracted the interest of the global construction industry for its potential to enhance the transparency, traceability, and immutability of construction data and enables collaboration and trust throughout the supply chain. However, such potential cannot be achieved without blockchain “oracles” needed to bridge the on-chain (i.e., blockchain system) and off-chain (i.e., real-life physical project) worlds. This study presents an innovative solution that exploits smart construction objects (SCOs). It develops a SCOs-enabled blockchain oracles (SCOs-BOs) framework. To instantiate this framework, the system architecture of a blockchain-enabled construction supply chain management (BCSCM) system is developed and validated using a case study, whereby four primary smart contracts are examined in the context of off-site logistics and on-site assembly services. The validation results show that accurate data is retrieved against malicious data in each request, and the corresponding reputation scores are successfully recorded. The innovativeness of the research lies in two aspects. In addition to mobilizing SCOs as blockchain oracles to bridge the on-chain and off-chain worlds, it develops a decentralized SCO network to avoid the single point of failure (SPoF) problem widely existing in blockchain systems. This study contributes to existing research and practice to harness the power of blockchain in construction.
Keywords: Blockchain | Oracles | Smart contract | Supply chain management | Smart construction objects | Prefabricated construction
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Blockchain for Internet of Energy management: Review, solutions, and challenges
بلاکچین برای مدیریت انرژی اینترنت: بررسی ، راه حل ها و چالش ها-2020
After smart grid, Internet of Energy (IoE) has emerged as a popular technology in the energy sector by integrating different forms of energy. IoE uses Internet to collect, organize, optimize and manage the networks energy information from different edge devices in order to develop a distributed smart energy infrastructure. Sensors and communication technologies are used to collect data and to predict demand and supply by consumers and suppliers respectively. However, with the development of renewable energy resources, Electric Vehicles (EVs), smart grid and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, the existing energy sector started shifting towards distributed and decentralized solutions. Moreover, the security and privacy issues because of centralization is another major concern for IoE technology. In this context, Blockchain technology with the features of automation, immutability, public ledger facility, irreversibility, decentralization, consensus and security has been adopted in the literature for solving the prevailing problems of centralized IoE architecture. By leveraging smart contracts, blockchain technology enables automated data exchange, complex energy transactions, demand response management and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading etc. Blockchain will play vital role in the evolution of the IoE market as distributed renewable resources and smart grid network are being deployed and used. We discuss the potential and applications of blockchain in the IoE field. This article is build on the literature research and it provides insight to the end-user regarding the future IoE scenario in the context of blockchain technology. Lastly this article discusses the different consensus algorithm for IoE technology.
Keywords: Consensus algorithm | Blockchain | Internet of Energy | Smart grid | Vehicle-to-grid
مقاله انگلیسی
8 AI-Powered Blockchain : A Decentralized Secure Multiparty Computation Protocol for IoV
بلاکچین با هوش مصنوعی: یک پروتکل محاسباتی محرمانه چند جانبه امن برای IoV-2020
The rapid advancements in autonomous technologies have paved way for vehicular networks. In particular, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) forms the basis of the future of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS represents the communication among vehicles by acquiring and sharing the data. Though congestion control is enhanced by Internet of Vehicles (IoV), there are various security criteria where entire communication can lead to many security and privacy challenges. A blockchain can be deployed to provide the IoV devices with the necessary authentication and security feature for the transfer of data. Blockchain based IoV mechanism eliminates the single source of failure and remains secure at base despite having strong security, the higher level layers and applications are susceptible to attacks. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to overcome several vulnerabilities of current blockchain technology. In this paper, we propose an AI-Powered Blockchain which provides auto coding feature for the smart contracts making it an intelligent contract. Moreover, it speeds up the transaction verification and optimises energy consumption. The results show that intelligent contracts provide higher security compared to smart contracts considering range of different scenarios.
Index Terms: Blockchain | Artificial Intelligence | Smart contract | Internet of Vehicles | Vehicular Network
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Integrated project delivery with blockchain: An automated financial system
تحویل یکپارچه پروژه با بلاکچین : یک سیستم مالی خودکار-2020
Integrated project delivery (IPD) in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry relies on risk/ reward sharing and deferral of parties profit payments until all project activities are completed. A decentralised, automated and secured financial platform is needed to enable all parties to control and track financial transactions, with no unauthorised changes allowed. The new technology, blockchain, enables data to be recorded, has no network participant with dominant power and manages data using specific functions, in line with smart contracts. The present study is the first to develop a framework proposing blockchain technology utilisation in IPD projects. The framework would enable core project team members to automatically execute all financial transactions, through coding the three main transactions of IPD projects: reimbursed costs, profit and cost saving, as functions of the IPD smart contract. To demonstrate the proposed frameworks applicability, a “proof of concept” is developed and validated through an IPD case project. The practicality of the built-up hyperledger network (IBM® Blockchain Cloud Beta 2) and the advantages of the proposed smart contract functions are examined. The user-friendliness of the proposed financial system and its efficiency in automating all transactions are demonstrated. No deficiency is found in the blockchain network components. The studys findings, applied in a favourable external context, would facilitate IPD adoption and use across the AEC industry by providing a workable solution to existing financial barriers. The findings extend the horizon for further research on exploring blockchains capabilities to solve comparable deficiencies to those affecting the AEC industry.
Keywords: Distributed ledger technology (DLT) | Smart contract | Hyperledger fabric | Building Information Modelling (BIM) | Alliancing | 5D BIM | Financial transactions
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Adversarial behaviours in mixing coins under incomplete information
رفتارهای خصمانه در اختلاط سکه در زیر اطلاعات ناقص-2020
Criminals can launder crypto-currencies through mixing coins, whose original purpose is preservation of privacy in the presence of traceability. Therefore, it is essential to elaborately design mixing polices to achieve both privacy and anti-money laundering. Existing work on mixing policies relies on the knowledge of a blacklist. However, these policies are paralysed under the scenario where the blacklist is unknown or evolving. In this paper, we regard the above scenario as games under incomplete information where parties put down a deposit for the quality of coins, which is suitably managed by a smart contract in case of mixing bad coins. We extend the poison and haircut policies to incomplete information games, where the blacklist is updated after mixing. We prove the existence of equilibria for the improved polices, while it is known that there is no equilibria in the original poison and haircut policies, where blacklist is public known. Furthermore, we propose a seminal suicide policy: the one who mixes more bad coins will be punished by not having the deposit refunded. Thus, parties have no incentives to launder money by leveraging mixing coins. In effect, all three policies contrast money laundering while preserving privacy under incomplete information. Finally, we simulate and verify the validity of these policies.
Keywords: Mixing coins | Incomplete information | Smart contract | Equilibrium
مقاله انگلیسی
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