با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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331 |
Disaster collaboration in tourism: Motives, impediments and success factors
همکاری بلایای طبیعی در گردشگری: انگیزه ها، مانع ها و عوامل موفقیت-2017 The tourism industry is vulnerable to disasters due to its heavy dependence on natural resources. Despite
growing studies on tourism disaster management, little research has been conducted from a stakeholder
collaboration perspective, yet effective collaboration can improve recovery outcomes. This paper in
tegrates stakeholder collaboration literature with a tourism disaster context e tourism threats from
Cyclone Marcia in Queensland, Australia. This paper contributes to this gap by investigating (1) stake
holders motivations for collaborative disaster management, (2) factors that facilitate or impede stake
holder collaboration-building, (3) successful elements and challenges for effective collaboration. Findings
are drawn from in-depth interviews with key stakeholders that were directly involved in tourism
disaster management. Motivations for collaboration-building are found to be resource and relationship
related. Past experience and relationships can influence the development of collaboration after a disaster.
Consistent communication and trust are two key elements of effective collaboration, while competing
demands and poor relationships are key barriers. Findings from this research can help better understand
stakeholder collaboration in tourism disaster management. Governments and tourism destinations can
use these findings to develop interventions to improve effective tourism disaster management. Future
research avenues based on the findings and a model are also outlined.
Keywords: Stakeholder collaboration | Tourism disaster management | Tourism recovery | Natural disaster | Tropical cyclone |
مقاله انگلیسی |
332 |
Accountability for social impact: A bricolage perspective on impact measurement in social enterprises
مسئولیت پذیری برای تأثیر اجتماعی: یک دید کلی در مورد اندازه گیری تاثیر در شرکت های اجتماعی-2017 To fulfill external accountability expectations social impact measurement has become an im
portant practice for social enterprises. Yet, the ambiguity around social impact and its measure
ment leads to a friction among stakeholders involved in a social enterprise. Based on interviews
with small-to-medium-sized social enterprises, this paper investigates how social entrepre
neurs handle the increasing pressure to measure social impact with formal methodologies
through a bricolage lens. The findings show how social enterprises combine material and ide
ational bricolage as well as seek to delegitimize formal methodologies to increase the legitima
cy of their bricolaged approaches for social impact measurement.
Keywords: Social entrepreneurs | Social impact measurement | Bricolage | Accountability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
333 |
Power in tourism stakeholder collaborations: Power types and power holders
قدرت در همکاری مشارکت کنندگان گردشگری: انواع قدرت و نگهدارندگان قدرت-2017 Stakeholder collaboration is acknowledged as an important part of tourism destination planning and
management. However, not all destination stakeholders have the same level of power and influence in
collaborative activities or decision-making, with some groups able to exert more influence over the
process. The purpose of this study was to identify and categorise the various types of power that in
fluence stakeholder collaborations in tourism destination planning and management and determine
which stakeholder groups hold these powers. A case study approach was adopted and data was collected
from publicly available secondary resources. The study results show that four different types of power
(coercive, legitimate, induced and competent power) were evident in stakeholder collaborations. Coer
cive power was mainly held by government and public sector agencies while DMOs and large private
organisations were found to hold strong legitimate power. Induced power was exerted by federal, state
and local governments; educational institutions and consulting firms tended to possess competent
power.
Keywords: Power | Stakeholder | Collaboration | Tourism destination management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
334 |
Research on Intermodal Terminal Interaction in International Transport Corridors
تحقیق بر روی تعامل ترمینال های چندمظوره در شاهرا های حمل و نقل بین المللی-2017 Maritime and Hinterland terminals enable the transhipment of load units between various modes of transport and play a
significant role in intermodal freight transport. The aim of the Thesis was to investigate the opportunities of interface between the
intermodal terminals along the East–West and North–South international transport corridors in developing new services/goods.
The theoretical-analytic part of the Thesis considers the issues related to the efficiency of interface of the multi-modal transport.
Moreover this study discusses functions and role of the intermodal terminals in delivering intermodal units along the international
transport corridors. In the Thesis related to the research presents a model (based on the literature analysis and findings of the
questionnaire survey) could improve the interface of intermodal terminals along the international transport corridors.
Continuation of distribution activity from the sea port terminal via the main terminal (hub) and further to more regions by using
the services of containers trains will ensure more effective use of infrastructure (maritime and hinterland terminals). Information
and communication technologies make transport services more attractive and viable. By applying the questionnaire survey and
evaluating the key factors influencing the effectiveness of the international corridor, the efforts were made to investigate the
opportunities of interface of intermodal terminals. In cooperation with all the stakeholders the applied new model could facilitate
the development of new services in the international transport corridors.
Keywords: TEN-T | transport corridors | interaction | intermodal terminals |
مقاله انگلیسی |
335 |
تجزیه و تحلیل شکاف حکمرانی آب در شمال ایران: نگاهی دقیق تر به مخازن آب
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 32 میزان بارندگی در استان مازندران بالا است. مازندران دارای مخازن آب به نام آب بندان است که هدف این آب بندان ها ، جمع اوری بارش برای آبیاری مزارع برنج در طول فصل رشد است. با این حال، مزارع برنج با کمبود آب مواجه می شوند؛ زیرا مقدار کمی بارش باران در آب بندان ذخیره می شود، در حالیکه آب باقیمانده به دریا می رسد یا باعث غرقاب شدن یا سیل می شود. در این تحقیق، شکاف حکمرانی آب بندان در استان مازندران با استفاده از چارچوب حکمرانی چند سطحی که توسط سازمان همکاری و توسعه اقتصادی (OECD) معرفی شده است، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. یک تکنیک دلفی اصلاح شده با مصاحبه حضوری و یک دور رتبه بندی برای شناسایی شکاف های حکمرانی آب بندان ها استفاده می شود. شکاف های شناسایی شده با استفاده از چارچوب OECD به هفت طبقه، دسته بندی می شوند. در هر یک از این دسته بندی ها یک شکاف مهم وجود دارد: فقدان قانون خاص برای آب بندان ها، عدم برنامه ریزی طولانی مدت و استراتژیک، شناخت کم درباره¬ی آب بندان ها در سطح ملی، بودجه ناکافی، فقدان انجمن های کاربر آب، فقدان تحقیق در هنگام اجرا و عدم استفاده از تکنولوژی است. یافته های این پژوهش نشان می دهد که فقدان یک قانون خاص برای آب بندان ها در قانون آب کشور، حادترین شکاف است. علاوه بر این، تجزیه و تحلیل، این واقعیت را نشان می دهد که مهمترین مسئله، طبقه بندی سیاست است. شکاف های شناسایی شده به هم مرتبط اند و همدیگر را تشدید می کنند، بنابراین یک دید کل گرایانه برای فهم و حل آنها لازم است. این مطالعه : بازنگری در قانون آب کشور ، ارتباط بین سطوح دولت، همکاری میان سازمان های درگیر در مدیریت آب بندان ها و مشارکت ذینفعان محلی در برنامه ریزی را توصیه می کند.
کلید واژه ها: حکمرانی آب | آب بندان ها | تکنیک دلفی | مازندران | شمال ایران |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
336 |
Relationship marketing in Guanxi networks: A social network analysis study of Chinese construction small and medium-sized enterprises
رابطه بازاریابی در شبکه های Guanxi: مطالعه تحلیلی شبکه های اجتماعی از ساخت و ساز کوچک و متوسط شرکت های چینی-2017 Despite the significance of Guanxi networking as the integrated approach to relationship marketing in the Chi
nese business environment, there remains, however, a limited understanding of the structural and relational
characteristics of these stakeholder networks, within which value is jointly created and shared. In this study,
the value-adding ego-networks of the business owners in four Chinese construction small- and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) are examined. The relationship between the business owner and six main stakeholder groups
was identified, quantified, analyzed, and visualized using SNA. Relationships were measured according to the fre
quency of communication, the value of favour exchanges, and the amount of emotional investment in the rela
tionship. Comparative SNA studies were conducted, focusing on ego-network density, tie strength, and
prominence of key stakeholders. The findings highlighted the high degree of the structural and relational
embeddedness in Chinese SMEs with Guanxi ties (both strong and weak) dominating the construction
business-owners network. They also underlined the prominence of the internal markets of multiskilled em
ployees and business-development managers. Transactional ties, albeit a minority, also exist in the business
owners network, which confirms that both relational and transactional marketing coexist in the Chinese con
struction industry. The study draws managerial implications for entrepreneurial business owners and managers,
and proposes directions for future research.
Keywords: Guanxi | Relationship marketing (RM) | Social-network theory, social-network analysis | (SNA) | Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) | Construction industry |
مقاله انگلیسی |
337 |
Key players in conservation diffusion : Using social network analysis to identify critical injection points
بازیکنان کلیدی در حفاظت از انتشار : استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل شبکه های اجتماعی برای شناسایی نقاط تزریق بحرانی-2017 Identifying the right stakeholders to engage with is fundamental to ensuring conservation information and
initiatives diffuse through target populations. Yet this process can be challenging, particularly as practitioners
and policy makers grapple with different conservation objectives and a diverse landscape of relevant
stakeholders. Here we draw on social network theory and methods to develop guidelines for selecting ‘key
players’ better positioned to successfully implement four distinct conservation objectives: (1) rapid diffusion of
conservation information, (2) diffusion between disconnected groups, (3) rapid diffusion of complex knowledge
or initiatives, or (4) widespread diffusion of conservation information or complex initiatives over a longer time
period. Using complete network data among coastal fishers from six villages in Kenya, we apply this approach to
select key players for each type of conservation objective. We then draw on key informant interviews from seven
resource management and conservation organizations working along the Kenyan coast to investigate whether
the socioeconomic attributes of the key players we identified match the ones typically selected to facilitate
conservation diffusion (i.e., ‘current players’). Our findings show clear discrepancies between current players
and key players, highlighting missed opportunities for progressing more effective conservation diffusion. We
conclude with specific criteria for selecting key stakeholders to facilitate each distinct conservation objective,
thereby helping to mitigate the problem of stakeholder identification in ways that avoid blueprint approaches.
These guidelines can also be applied in other research and intervention areas, such as community development
studies, participatory research, and community intervention.
Keywords: Conservation | Diffusion | Key players | Social network analysis | Social-ecological systems |
مقاله انگلیسی |
338 |
Supply chain perspective on competitive strategies and green supply chain management strategies
چشم انداز زنجیره تامین در استراتژی های رقابتی و استراتژی های مدیریت زنجیره تامین سبز-2017 Due to strategic motivations and pressures from various stakeholders, firms are adopting green supply
chain management (GSCM) practices to extend environmental sustainability objectives to suppliers.
Although it seems that an increasing number of firms is seeing environmental sustainability as a source
of competitive advantage, there is a large gap of research focusing explicitly on the connection between
competitive strategy and GSCM. It is also necessary to examine GSCM practices in several operational
contexts. This article refines the competitive strategy approach and examines external GSCM strategies
along the tiers of supply chain from the perspective of logistics users and providers using a dataset of 128
manufacturing, 110 trading and 144 logistics firms operating in Finland. The results reveal a connection
between competitive strategy and GSCM strategy. Marketing differentiators and firms pursuing hybrid
strategies tend to use more advanced GSCM strategies to manage the environmental performance of
their suppliers. For them, GSCM seems to be a way to differentiate products and services, and to mini
mise the risk of potential losses resulting from poor environmental performance by suppliers. The results
highlight the need to understand the role of competitive strategy in GSCM adoption, both in academia
and in business.
Keywords: Strategy | Green supply chain management | Buyer-supplier relationships |
مقاله انگلیسی |
339 |
Smarter Travel, car restriction and reticence: Understanding the process in Ireland’s active travel towns
مسافرت هوشمنانه تر ، سکوت و محدودیت ماشین: درک فرایند شهرهای گردشگری فعال ایرلند-2017 The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the factors that precluded the introduction of car
restrictive policies in two towns participating in Ireland’s Smarter Travel programme to promote
sustainable travel. A total of 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the project co
ordinators, community advocates for active travel and retail traders (shops and small businesses).
The results indicated that the Smarter Travel co-ordinators were inexperienced in using a full range of
pricing, programming and policy measures specific to active travel. A more significant factor was the
power of the trader lobby. In the town with the lower population density, car accessibility in the urban
centre was perceived by retail traders to be directly associated with retail turnover. In the town with the
higher population density, retail traders stated that car accessibility created an illusion of vibrancy that
provided security to the retail sector. The retail traders disliked the local authority’s didactic approach to
consultation and this dissonance manifested itself in displays of power against the local authority and not
necessarily against Smarter Travel per se. Both local authorities struggled to sell the business case for car
restrictive policies to the retail traders. They also failed to engage the silent majority in the wider
community to act as advocates for active travel.
The wider implications for the implementation of Smarter Travel policy are presented. It is important to
create community support for active travel interventions by forming ‘town user’ forums and active travel
lobby groups and making the local media partners in the project. Training and support should be
provided to local authorities to deliver a more comprehensive suite of measures. A toolkit should be
developed for local authorities to create a business case for introducing car restrictive measures.
Incentives such as improvements to the public realm and accessibility for cyclists should be introduced
before car restrictive measures. Car restrictive measures should be introduced incrementally such as
introducing temporary pedestrianization or gradually reducing parking supply thereby demonstrating
the benefits of the measure to stakeholders.
Keywords : Active transport | Walking | Cycling | Car restrictive policies |
مقاله انگلیسی |
340 |
Towards a metric for the energy efficiency of computer servers
به سوی یک متریک برای بهره وری انرژی سرورهای کامپیوتری-2017 Keywords: Computer server ICTMetric energy efficiency Computational performance StandardSERTA globally accepted metric on the energy efficiency of computer servers in business applications is still missing, despite a great interest from stakeholders. In the context of the implementation of the European Ecodesign Di- rective, a detailed analysis has been carried out on the feasibility of policy requirements for computer servers addressing, among others, the relation between energy use and performance. The lack of such a metric weakens the effectiveness of a regulation on the server energy efficiency in “on-mode”. "Capping" energy use would be the alternative, although complex and disputable because of virtually unlimited internal configuration options of the products placed in the market. In this framework, a dedicated research stream has been devoted to the development a draft proposal for a metric. The paper describes in detail the procedural as well as the theoretical steps to date. The preliminary results show how the draft proposed metric is representative of the user pattern of servers, scalable, technology neutral and does not entail excessive costs. This work could well represent the basis for an international standard, in particular in the framework of a standardisation mandate from the European Commission on the energy efficiency of information and communication technology products.© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Computer server | ICT | Metric energy efficiency | Computational performance | Standard | SERT |
مقاله انگلیسی |