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Time-sensitive supply chain disruption recovery and resource sharing incentive strategy
استراتژی تشویقی برای بهبود اختلال در زنجیره تأمین حساس به زمان-2021 Market demand is becoming increasingly time-sensitive in competitive environments. Hence, supply disruptions will have a more serious impact on the profits of supply chains. This study applies a Stackelberg competition between a single supplier and a single manufacturer in a time-sensitive supply chain in a cloud manufacturing environment. We aim to address the supplier’s production capacity recovery issues and the manufacturer’s incentive decision issues after supply disruption. We find that the supplier is in a weak position when the information is symmetrical. The manufacturer can encourage the supplier to shorten the recovery time by raising the unit wholesale price. When the supplier’s unit production cost remains unchanged but the unit wholesale price increases, the profit of the supplier first increases and then decreases. In addition, under the centralized decision-making setting, the optimal recovery time of the supplier is shorter and the optimal unit market price of the product is lower than that under decentralized decision-making. We further find that resource sharing can shorten the optimal recovery time, but it does not necessarily play an incentivizing role.© 2021 China Science Publishing & Media Ltd. Publishing Services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Supply chain | Time-sensitive | Supply disruption | Resource sharing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A resilient hybrid payment supply chain inventory model for post Covid-19 recovery
مدل موجودی زنجیره تامین پرداخت ترکیبی انعطاف پذیر برای بازیابی پس از کویید 19-2021 The present Covid-19 pandemic causes disruptions to markets and businesses in general, affecting the supply chain inventory system most significantly. This work investigates a hybrid payment inventory model considering inflation, cash discount, price-sensitive demand, and preservation technology investment for non-instantaneous deteriorating products. Due to the economic downturn, a hybrid payment scheme composed of multiple pre- payments and a delay in payment is proposed to facilitate post Covid-19 recovery. The proposed model is one of the first models to consider a hybrid payment scheme in view of the Covid-19 pandemic, and to provide guidelines to retailers in planning the selling price, replenishment period, and preservation investment in view of the pandemic situation. The hybrid payment policy is suggested during the financial crisis to sustain orders from a retailer to the supplier and from the consumers to the retailer. During the supply disruptions, two cases for shortages and without shortages are studied. The nonlinear model is solved by Lingo 17 software. This study shows the effect of advance and delayed payments on the retailer’s total profit. It also shows that the total profit is extremely delicate to the inflation rate. The numerical examples illustrate the inventory model for different scenarios. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to provide managerial insights to management during post Covid-19 recovery. Keywords: Post Covid-19 recovery | Disruption | Hybrid payment | Inflation | Preservation technology | Price-sensitive demand |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Is There a Supply Crisis? Sweden’s Critical Metals, 1917–2014
آیا بحران عرضه وجود دارد؟ فلزات بحرانی سوئد، 1917-2014-2018 While global metal production has increased almost exponentially over the last hundred years, actors have
constantly worried about future scarcities. This article explores why state and business actors within a small
country, Sweden, have perceived metals as critical and which strategies they have advanced to cope with po
tential shortages. It analyzes four reports and/or records of meetings from 1917, 1954, 1980 and 2014, years
when the debate about resource scarcity flourished both in Sweden and internationally. The reasons why actors
feared the future supply were largely connected to price increases, potential supply disruptions because of war or
political instability, and soaring demand for technologies containing metals. Even Sweden, a neutral country,
feared shortages because of political instability in foreign countries because of the transnational metal flows. The
actors attempted to manage shortages by increased domestic production, technological development, stock
piling, international agreements and recycling. Tracing this issue over time, the article unpacks the importance
of and concerns with metal flows in an age of rapid industrial, technological and geopolitical change.
Keywords: Critical metals ، Sweden ، Resource scarcity ، Supply crisis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A graph theory-based methodology for vulnerability assessment of supply chains using the life cycle inventory database
یک روش مبتنی بر نظریه گراف برای ارزیابی آسیب پذیری زنجیره های تامین با استفاده از پایگاه داده موجودی-2017 Owing to the growing number of risk factors that can be triggered by natural and manmade disasters,
management of disruption risks in supply chains has become increasingly significant. Since the market
concentration of raw material suppliers is a determinant of the supply disruption risk, identification
of raw materials vital in a supply chain and concurrently whose markets are highly concentrated will
help supply chain risk management. In this study, we develop a graph theory-based methodology for
assessing supply chain vulnerability to disruption risks by using the life cycle inventory (LCI) database
as a data source for nationwide supply chains. A supply chain structure, i.e., raw material-to-product
links and overall chain, is modeled by a directed graph and its adjacency matrix, adapted from physical
input–output data in the LCI database. The reachability components in the supply chain are identified by
Boolean matrix calculations. Vulnerability indicators for each reachability component are determined on
the basis of market concentration as measured by the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index in terms of domestic
production regions and import partners as a proxy for the extent of supply disruption risks. The method
ology developed is demonstrated using the national-level LCI database of Japan, and vulnerability factors
are presented for 23 types of Japanese synthetic resins.
Keywords: Supply chain risk management | Disruption risk | Supply chain vulnerability | Graph theory | Life cycle inventory database | Market concentration |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Desirable policies of a strategic petroleum reserve in coping with disruption risk_ A Markov decision process approach
سیاست مطلوب از ذخیره نفتی استراتژیک در مقابله با خطر اختلال: رویکرد فرایند های تصمیم گیری مارکوف-2016 A Markov decision process model is proposed to examine the desirable sizes and policies of a strategic petroleum reserve (SPR) for oil consumption countries. Oil consumers operate SPRs to cope with various market states. Market uncertainties include oil supply, oil price and disruption situations in which oil supply is highly stochastic. The decision criterion is to minimize total disruption losses and SPR costs. The output of the proposed model finds optimal SPR acquisition, drawdown and refill policies in response to different market states. In a representative numerical case, we examine desirable SPR size and how China should absorb into or release from its SPR in special scenarios. In a new scenario of long- duration disruption risk in particular, we find that high disruption duration risk may increase the optimal SPR size significantly, i.e., 9% greater in this case. Meanwhile, the result shows variation in the SPR drawdown policy when considering various disruption durations. Finally, a United States case has been studied with the developed model. We find interesting results by comparing the results of China and the U.S. Under the scenario of 20% disruption, although with different SPR capacities, both countries should release all SPRs to reduce GDP loss as much as possible.& 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
OR in energy | Strategic petroleum reserve|SPR| Oil supply disruption | Markov processes |
مقاله انگلیسی |