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نتیجه جستجو - Tanzania

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 10
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 The Impact of Low Fidelity Simulation on Nurse Competence in Active Management of Third Stage of Labor: An Intervention Study in Primary Health Care Settings in Tanzania
تأثیر شبیه سازی وفاداری کم در شایستگی پرستاران در مدیریت فعال مرحله سوم کار: یک مطالعه مداخله در تنظیمات مراقبت های بهداشتی اولیه در تانزانیا-2021
Background: Simulation-based training on obstetric management has demonstrated promising results. However, its impact has not been well documented particularly in low and middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to test the effectiveness of a low fidelity simulation-based training intervention in improving knowledge and skills of nurses on Active management of third stage of labor (AMTSL).
Methods: A quasi experimental study including 172 randomly selected nurses using low fidelity simulation-based training was conducted. Baseline, immediate and retention assessments were done.
Findings: Overall knowledge and skills on AMTSL were significantly improved after simulation training, skills retained even after six months.
Conclusions: A low fidelity simulation intervention showed positive change in knowledge and skills immediately after intervention and skills were highly retained even after six months of training.
keywords: Active Management of Third Stage of Labor | Knowledge | Skills | Dodoma | Tanzania
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Government accounting reforms in Sub-Saharan African countries and the selective ignorance of the epistemic community: A competing logics perspective
اصلاحات حسابداری دولت در کشورهای جنوب صحرای آفریقایی و جهل انتخابی جامعه معرفتی: دیدگاه منطق رقابت-2021
The objective of this paper is two-fold. First, it assesses existing local accounting and financial reporting practices in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on the extent to which recent government financial statements published by ten selected countries adhere to mainstream qualitative features of public sector reporting. Second, it investigates the multiple institutional logics at play in the context of government accounting reforms (GARs) in SSA, involving international organisations, epistemic community members, policy makers and local actors. Data for the study are drawn from a content analysis and disclosure scoring of ten SSA government financial statements, supplemented by forty semi-structured interviews carried out in Nigeria and Tanzania. Our findings demonstrate how the generalised assumptive logics of international organisations, coupled with the market and professional logics of epistemic community members and state logics of local politicians, have led to the marginalisation of ‘good’ existing accounting and financial reporting practice in SSA (as reflected by the extent to which government financial statements adhere to mainstream features of public sector reporting) - while providing the countries with a strong impetus for undertaking a transition towards large-scale GARs involving accrual accounting and IPSASs. The role of the epistemic community in selectively ignoring the positive aspects of local accounting practice is a significant impediment. In this way, members of this epistemic community continue to execute their ‘relational power’ generated through professional knowledge, expertise and elite connections over the local actors, hence upholding the generalised assumptive logics. The paper argues that public accountability and transparency can be strengthened in SSA countries provided there is an ‘intelligent’ application of existing regulations and accounting systems, rather than seeking to merely replace them with externally imposed large-scale GARs.
keywords: اصلاحات حسابداری دولت | جنوب صحرای آفریقا | جامعه معرفتی | منطق نهادی | Government accounting reforms | Sub-Sahara Africa | Epistemic community | Institutional logics
مقاله انگلیسی
3 ‘Centres of excellence’ for artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Tanzania: Assumptions around artisanal entrepreneurship and formalization
«مراکز برتری» استخراج صنعتگر و مقیاس کوچک طلا در تانزانیا: مفروضات پیرامون کارآفرینی و رسمی سازی صنعتگران-2020
The Africa Mining Vision reiterates the importance of training centres or ‘centres of excellence’ (COEs) for artisanal and small-scale mining but historically, these have had mixed results, partly due to a lack of under- standing of demand for services. Recently, understanding of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) organizational and financial structures has improved, allowing for a more nuanced comparison of formalization policies that emphasize the ‘entrepreneurial’ nature of ASM operators and those that foreground the importance of poverty as a driving factor. With World Bank support, Tanzania has recently established several COEs including two for the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector. This article examines the potentials of these centres, based on key informant interviews, as well as a literature review of experiences from other African countries. Further, we analyse activities planned at COEs, within the Tanzanian institutional and policy context, which tends to treat ASM as ‘entrepreneurs’. We explore implications of the Tanzanian approach for potential for malization of ASM and transformation of ASM operators into medium-scale mining firms; and identify some institutional tensions and risks involved in implementing the COE approach.
Keywords: artisanal and small-scale mining | formalization | training centres | Tanzania | gold
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Acquiescence and conflict in exchanges between inbound tour operators and their overseas outbound partners: A case study on Tanzania
موافقت و تعارض در تبادل های بین عملگران گردشگری داخلی و شرکای برون مرزی آنها: یک مطالعه روی تانزانیا-2018
Achieving partner acquiescence is critical in interfirm exchanges because it allows the focal firm to achieve its desired outcomes. Using a case study on dyadic relationships between inbound tour operators in Tanzania and their overseas outbound partners, this paper investigates the effect of partner irreplaceability and distributive fairness on acquiescence, and the subsequent effect that acquiescence has on conflict. The case study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling on data collected from 129 dyadic relationships. Results show that partner irreplaceability and distributive fairness are positively associated with acquiescence, which in turn reduces conflict. The effect of distributive fairness on acquiescence was found to be larger than that of irreplaceability. In addition, the direct effect of distributive fairness on conflict, although not hypothesised, was found to be significant. This emphasises the importance of distributive fairness, and its role as a possible buffer to conflict in less acquiescent exchanges.
keywords: Partner irreplaceability| Distributive fairness| Acquiescence| Conflict| Interfirm exchange| Tourism value chain
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The evidence for the bushmeat crisis in African savannas: A systematic quantitative literature review
شواهد برای بحران زاد و ولد در آفریقای جنوبی: یک بررسی ادبی کمیتی سیستماتیک-2018
Bushmeat hunting, trade and consumption is a growing biodiversity and food security concern. Much of the collated research is currently limited to forested regions however, despite indications of the increasing threat in savannas. Savanna regions are biodiverse and often have high-value wildlife tourism industries, but also have rapidly-growing rural populations, often highly dependent on natural resources. In this systematic quantitative literature review we seek to understand the state of knowledge about bushmeat in savanna regions in Africa. We aim to identify gaps in the literature, both spatially and topically, understand what methodologies are used, what common recommendations are made and what interventions have been quantified. We identified 144 relevant studies from the literature. Although studies have increased over time and diversified thematically, there were strong biases. Most studies were conducted in Tanzania, with gaps in research in southern Africa and the Sahelian region. Additionally, only 25% of papers investigated interventions used to reduce bushmeat hunting, with traditional enforcement being the most common intervention studied (53% of intervention studies, 13% of papers). Other frequently recommended interventions such as alternative incomes received little attention (14% of intervention studies, 3.5% of papers). Further, although many studies cite common drivers of bushmeat hunting such as income or livestock, the evidence for these drivers was lacking and contradictory. We reveal that although bushmeat in savanna regions is gaining recognition, many gaps in knowledge remain. This is the first study to systematically quantify the research about bushmeat in African savannas and aims to inform future research.
Keywords: Systematic review ، Bushmeat ، Africa ، Savanna ، Hunting ، Poaching
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Mine-of-the-future: How is Africa prepared from a mineral and mining engineering education perspective?
اینده منحصر به فرد: چگونه آفریقا برای یک چشم انداز آموزشی معدنی و مهندسی معدن آماده است؟-2018
The mining industry continues to be a major source of employment despite challenges faced by mining en gineering graduates to get employment. The issue of skills shortage continues to be a major concern and it is perceived as a real threat to the future of mining. Although the industry has undergone several changes in terms technological advancements, it is further envisioned that the future-mine will rely on a highly skilled skeleton labour force with the ability to perform several tasks through automated and remote-controlled operations and monitoring. The industry is expected to be knowledge-driven through a database model that receives and sends information (environmental, mining production and mineral processing) to enable proactive decisions to be made from both operational and control room perspectives. The four main key focus areas of the mine-of-the future have been identified as operating practices and technology; talent and leadership; partnership with key stakeholders; and governance. A significant question that arises is the preparedness of mining engineering education in Africa to address the vision of the mine-of-the-future in relation to these four focus areas. This paper explores mining engineering programs run in selected countries across four sub-regions in Africa (South Africa, Namibia, Morocco, Ghana and Tanzania). The selection of these countries was based on the criteria including percentage contribution of the countrys mineral sector to its GDP; percentage share of the countrys mineral exports in its total export; The rank of countrys production/supply of mineral commodities in the world; political stability and resource governance index measurement. The universities chosen from each of these countries were based on the Cybermetrics Lab-CSIC university ranking system. Mining engineering pro grams from these countries were compared with mining engineering programs in two international countries (Canada and Australia). The paper demonstrates a need for an improvement in mining engineering education in Africa to meet the vision of the future-mine.
Keywords: Mining engineering education in Africa ، Mine-of-the-future ، Governance ، Partnership with key stakeholder ، Talent and leadership ، Operating practices and technology
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Research dissemination practices in Tanzania: Limitations and potentialities
روشهای انتشار تحقیق در تانزانیا: محدودیت ها و قابلیت ها-2018
Disseminating research findings to both academic and non-academic fraternities is imperative for effectively fulfilling both academic and developmental roles. However, efforts to disseminate research outputs beyond academic circles are still limited, neglected and rarely questioned. This paper explores research dissemination practices engaged by researchers in four Tanzanian universities to establish their limitations and potentialities. The findings indicate that practices towards research dissemination continue favouring academic fraternities and there is growing belief among researchers that research is conducted principally for publication and academic qualification attainment rather than as something that researchers can directly use to change society and bring about development. The paper provides some recommendations for the potential reform and improvement of the dissemination of research findings to both academic and non-academic audiences.
keywords: Knowledge dissemination |Open access |Research-based knowledge |Knowledge valorisation |Socio-economic development
مقاله انگلیسی
8 شبیه سازی ترافیک گردشگر به عنوان یک ابزار برای مدیریت منطقه حفاظت شده: مورد پارک ملی سرنگتی در تانزانیا
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 10 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 32
منبع اقتصادی اصلی مناطق حفاظت شده، گردشگری می باشد. با این حال، گردشگری ممکن است تاثیری منفی روی ساکنان این مناطق بگذارد. رشد گردشگری حیات وحش، نگرانی بین المللی درباره اینکه آیا یک تعادلی بین گردشگری و حفاظت از محیط زیست وجود دارد یا خیر را افزایش داده است. اقدامات مدیریتی باید به فراهم کردن این تعادل کمک کند. دررابطه با مدیریت حمل و نقل، اکثر مطالعات روی تجربیات بازدید کننده ها تمرکز کرده اند و به پیامدهای تغییرات حجم ترافیک گردشگر توجهی نکرده اند. چون ترافیک گردشگر به عنوان عامل مضر برای ساکنان تلقی می شود، این مطالعه یک ابزاری را ایجاد می کند که تغییرات در حجم گردشگر را جهت تسهیل بررسی اقدامات مدیریتی شبیه سازی می کند. این ابزار یک مدل ساده حمل و نقل بر مبنای ویژگی های شبکه حمل و نقل و 2680 سفر ثبت شده در پارک ملی سِرِنگِتی است. تحلیل ها نشان می دهد که یک جاده شمالی درسراسر این پارک می تواند ترافیک گردشگر رت توزیع کند، درحالیکه فرودگاه جدید بین المللی بالقوه می تواند ترافیک کلی گردشگر را در جاده ها کاهش دهد.
کلیدواژه ها: گردشگری حیاوت وحش | مناطق حفاظت شده | سرنگتی | مدل حمل و نقل | ترافیک گردشگر | مدیریت حمل و نقل
مقاله ترجمه شده
9 Challenges and prospects of private sector participation in solid waste management in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania
چالش ها و چشم انداز مشارکت بخش خصوصی در مدیریت مواد زائد جامد در شهر دارالسلام، تانزانیا-2016
The objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of private sector participation in solid waste collection and transportation in Dar es Salaam City. The study covered 20 private service providers in municipalities of Kinondoni, Temeke and Ilala. Information was collected through questionnaires, interview guides, physical observation and field studies. Data were sought from 5 private companies, 15 Community Based Organizations, Dar es Salaam City Council, Waste Departments of Municipal author- ities and local governments of ward and streets. The results show that private sector service providers collected and transported 9% of the 29,764 tons of solid wastes generated per week. They have also provided employment opportunities to over 350 people, who are helping to keep the city clean and increase national income through payment of various taxes. It was also observed that private sector operates in difficult conditions because of low cost recovery, the use of inferior wastes collection and transportation equipment, limited scheduling, short contract duration, inefficient system of refuse fee collection, an absence of planned wastes recycling systems, inaccessible roads and weak implementation of relevant municipal policies and by-laws. It was further noted that the success of the system will depend on accountability of municipal authorities by raising the awareness of the communities in order to improve willingness to pay for refuse fees and discourage illegal dumping of waste by individuals, enforcing municipal by-laws, and planning and promotion of environmentally friendly waste manage- ment practices.© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Keywords: Solid waste management | Cost recovery | Private sector participation
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Rethinking ‘ ex per t’ knowledge in community forest management in Tanzania☆
بازنگری دانش خبره در مدیریت جنگلی جامعه در تانزانیا-2015
From the 1980s great hopes have been placed on community forest management to promote socio-economic development along with forest protection. Empirical research has shown, however, that while community forest management has often improved forest conditions, the goals of poverty alleviation and local empowerment have not been fully attained. The wide gap between theory and practice of community forest management has caused scholars to emphasise the role of power and politics in the design, practice and outcome of decentralisation. More recently, the roles of techno-bureaucratic values, practices and the authority given to ‘expert’ knowledge have been highlighted as important factors impeding its successful implementation. Building on these insights, this paper, conjoined with other contributions to this special issue, aims to examine the role of professionalisation and ‘expert’ knowledge in community-based forest management in Tanzania, particularly with regard to its economic development and local empowerment benefits. Drawing on long-term research in the Angai village land forest reserve in Liwale, Lindi Region, Tanzania, this paper illustrates how almost 20 years after the inception of community-based forest management, villagers are still waiting for the promised political and economic benefits to materialise. We argue that professionalisation and the privileged role of ‘expert’ knowledge hampered forest decentralisation. Based on our findings, we join other authors of this special issue in calling for less technically and bureaucratically demanding ways of forest management and planning to allow local communities to fully take over ownership and control of forest resources and to relieve state and non-state actors of cumbersome and overburdening development requirements Keywords: Community forest management Expertise Politics Knowledge Power
مقاله انگلیسی
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