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نتیجه جستجو - Theory of mind

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 4
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 The Hanabi challenge: A new frontier for AI research
چالش Hanabi : مرز جدیدی برای تحقیقات هوش مصنوعی-2020
From the early days of computing, games have been important testbeds for studying how well machines can do sophisticated decision making. In recent years, machine learning has made dramatic advances with artificial agents reaching superhuman performance in challenge domains like Go, Atari, and some variants of poker. As with their predecessors of chess, checkers, and backgammon, these game domains have driven research by providing sophisticated yet well-defined challenges for artificial intelligence practitioners. We continue this tradition by proposing the game of Hanabi as a new challenge domain with novel problems that arise from its combination of purely cooperative gameplay with two to five players and imperfect information. In particular, we argue that Hanabi elevates reasoning about the beliefs and intentions of other agents to the foreground. We believe developing novel techniques for such theory of mind reasoning will not only be crucial for success in Hanabi, but also in broader collaborative efforts, especially those with human partners. To facilitate future research, we introduce the open-source Hanabi Learning Environment, propose an experimental framework for the research community to evaluate algorithmic advances, and assess the performance of current state-of-the-art techniques.
Keywords: Multi-agent learning | Challenge paper | Reinforcement learning | Games | Theory of mind | Communication | Imperfect information | Cooperative
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Macaques Exhibit Implicit Gaze Bias Anticipating Others’ False-Belief-Driven Actions via Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Macaques Exhibit Implicit Gaze Bias Anticipating Others’ False-Belief-Driven Actions via Medial Prefrontal Cortex-2020
The ability to infer others’ mental states is essential to social interactions. This ability, critically evaluated by testing whether one attributes false beliefs (FBs) to others, has been considered to be uniquely hominid and to accompany the activation of a distributed brain network. We challenge the taxon specificity of this ability and identify the causal brain locus by introducing an anticipatory-looking FB paradigm combined with chemogenetic neuronal manipulation in macaque monkeys. We find spontaneous gaze bias of macaques implicitly anticipating others’ FBdriven actions. Silencing of the medial prefrontal neuronal activity with inhibitory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) specifically eliminates the implicit gaze bias while leaving the animals’ visually guided and memoryguided tracking abilities intact. Thus, neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex could have a causal role in FB-attribution-like behaviors in the primate lineage, emphasizing the importance of probing the neuronal mechanisms underlying theory of mind with relevant macaque animal models.
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Are there different pathways to explicit false belief understanding? General language and complementation in typical and atypical children
ایا مسیرهای مختلفی برای درک باور غلط وجود دارد ؟ زبان عمومی و تکمیلی در کودکان معمولی و غیر معمول -2017
Though converging empirical evidence strongly supports the role of language in explicit false belief understanding (FBU), there is a lack of consensus on the theoretical basis of this link. This debate has centered on whether complement syntax is required for FBU or whether general language skills are sufficient. Although hundreds of investigations have confirmed the role of language in FBU, the precise role of complementation and general language remains unclear. In the present review, we selectively examine through both meta-analysis and qualitative analysis, only studies that utilize both complementation and general language measures in typically and atypically developing children (e.g., children with autism). These analyses supported the general language hypothesis, but not the com plementation hypothesis in typically developing children. In contrast, the complementation hypothesis was supported in the children with autism, as well (children with deafness and SLI). Together, these results suggests there are different linguistic pathways for developing FBU in typical and atypical children. These alternate routes may be attributable to dif ferences in children’s ability to benefit from social interactions in acquiring FBU. Finally, we discuss suggestions for future research including methodological choices in research design, language assessments, and populations.
Keywords: False belief | Complementation | Language | Theory of mind
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Buddhist psychology: Selected insights, benefits, and research agenda for consumer psychology
روانشناسی بودایی: بینش انتخاب ، منافع و برنامه تحقیقاتی برای روانشناسی مصرف کننده -2017
Consumer psychology has been overly reliant on a small set of paradigms. As a result, the field appears less prepared than it could aspire to be for contributing new knowledge on, and relief from, our hyper-consumption era. Accordingly, I explore Buddhist psychology by drawing from its foundational framework known as the Three Marks of Existence (suffering, impermanence, and no-self) to introduce an Eastern theory of mind and provide alternative guidance on research for consumer well-being. The TME framework offers an opportunity to re-think the priorities, nature, and processes of the comparing and judging consumer mind (e.g., expectations, preferences, satisfaction); the attaching and depending consumer mind (e.g., ownership, materialism, excessive behaviors); and the deciding, choosing, and regulating consumer mind (marketplace morality, cognitive biases, values-based choice, and free will). From these considerations I generate research questions and summarizing propositions for future research. The closing discussion synopsizes the contributions and limitations, including extra opportunities for integrating Buddhist and consumer psychologies.
Keywords: Buddhist psychology | Well-being | Satisfaction | Ownership | Materialism | Choice
مقاله انگلیسی
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