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نتیجه جستجو - Tort

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 114
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Head tremor in cervical dystonia: Quantifying severity with computer vision
لرزش سر در دیستونی دهانه رحم: کمی کردن شدت با دید کامپیوتری-2022
Background: Head tremor (HT) is a common feature of cervical dystonia (CD), usually quantified by subjective observation. Technological developments offer alternatives for measuring HT severity that are objective and amenable to automation. Objectives: Our objectives were to develop CMOR (Computational Motor Objective Rater; a computer vision- based software system) to quantify oscillatory and directional aspects of HT from video recordings during a clinical examination and to test its convergent validity with clinical rating scales. Methods: For 93 participants with isolated CD and HT enrolled by the Dystonia Coalition, we analyzed video recordings from an examination segment in which participants were instructed to let their head drift to its most comfortable dystonic position. We evaluated peak power, frequency, and directional dominance, and used Spearman’s correlation to measure the agreement between CMOR and clinical ratings. Results: Power averaged 0.90 (SD 1.80) deg2/Hz, and peak frequency 1.95 (SD 0.94) Hz. The dominant HT axis was pitch (antero/retrocollis) for 50%, roll (laterocollis) for 6%, and yaw (torticollis) for 44% of participants. One-sided t-tests showed substantial contributions from the secondary (t = 18.17, p < 0.0001) and tertiary (t = 12.89, p < 0.0001) HT axes. CMOR’s HT severity measure positively correlated with the HT item on the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale-2 (Spearman’s rho = 0.54, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrate a new objective method to measure HT severity that requires only conventional video recordings, quantifies the complexities of HT in CD, and exhibits convergent validity with clinical severity ratings.
keywords: لرزش سر | ویدیو | بینایی کامپیوتر | درجه بندی شدت | TWSTRS | Head tremor | Video | Computer vision | Severity rating | TWSTRS
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Detection of loosening angle for mark bolted joints with computer vision and geometric imaging
تشخیص زاویه شل شدن اتصالات پیچ شده با بینایی ماشین و تصویربرداری هندسی-2022
Mark bars drawn on the surfaces of bolted joints are widely used to indicate the severity of loosening. The automatic and accurate determination of the loosening angle of mark bolted joints is a challenging issue that has not been investigated previously. This determination will release workers from heavy workloads. This study proposes an automated method for detecting the loosening angle of mark bolted joints by integrating computer vision and geometric imaging theory. This novel method contained three integrated modules. The first module used a Keypoint Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Keypoint-RCNN)-based deep learning algorithm to detect five keypoints and locate the region of interest (RoI). The second module recognised the mark ellipse and mark points using the transformation of the five detected keypoints and several image processing technologies such as dilation and expansion algorithms, a skeleton algorithm, and the least square method. In the last module, according to the geometric imaging theory, we derived a precise expression to calculate the loosening angle using the information for the mark points and mark ellipse. In lab-scale and real-scale environments, the average relative detection error was only 3.5%. This indicated that our method could accurately calculate the loosening angles of marked bolted joints even when the images were captured from an arbitrary view. In the future, some segmentation algorithms based on deep learning, distortion correction, accurate angle and length measuring instruments, and advanced transformation methods can be applied to further improve detection accuracy.
keywords: Mark bolted joint | Loosening detection | Keypoint-RCNN | Image processing | Geometric imaging
مقاله انگلیسی
3 یک رویکرد فیلترینگ درون حلقه ای پیشرونده شبکه‌های عصبی پیچشی یا همگشتی (CNN) برای کدگذاری بین فریم (Frame inter)
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 34
ساختارهای شبکه‌های عصبی پیچشی (‏CNN) ‏برای فیلترینگ درون حلقه‌ای طراحی شده‌اند تا عملکرد کدگذاری ویدئو را بهبود بخشند. این مدل‌های CNN معمولا از طریق یادگیری همبستگی بین فریم‌های بازسازی ‌شده و اصلی آموزش داده می‌شوند، که سپس برای هر فریم بازسازی‌ شده اعمال می‌شوند تا کیفیت کلی ویدئو بهبود یابد. این استراتژی توسعه و آموزش مستقیم مدل برای درون کد گذاری موثر است زیرا یک مدل بهینه محلی کافی است. با این حال، هنگامی که برای رمزگذاری داخلی اعمال می‌شود، باعث فیلترینگ بیش از حد می‌شود، زیرا وابستگی‌های مرجع درهم‌تنیده در میان فریم‌ها در نظر گرفته نمی‌شوند. برای پرداختن به این موضوع، روش‌های موجود معمولا به بهینه‌سازی نرخ تحریف یا اعواج (‏RDO)‏ متوسل می‌شوند تا به صورت دلخواه از مدل CNN استفاده کنند، اما در رفع محدودیت استفاده از مدل CNN محلی موفق نیستند. در این مقاله، ما یک روش پیشرفته برای آموزش و ترکیب فیلترهای داخلی مبتنی بر CNN برای کار یکپارچه با کدکننده‌های ویدئویی ارائه می‌کنیم. ابتدا، ما یک روش آموزش پیشرفته را برای به دست آوردن مدل داخلی توسعه می‌دهیم. با استفاده از یادگیری انتقالی، فریم های بازسازی ‌شده با استفاده از مدل CNN به تدریج وارد آموزش خود مدل CNN می‌شوند تا وابستگی‌های مرجع در کدگذاری داخلی را شبیه‌سازی کنند. سپس، یک استراتژی انتخاب مدل سطح چارچوب برای کدگذاری نرخ بیت بالا طراحی می‌کنیم که در آن اثر فیلترینگ بیش از حد رقیق می‌شود. نتایج تجربی نشان می‌دهند که روش پیشنهادی از روش RDO که تنها از مدل محلی استفاده می‌کند، بهتر عمل می‌کند. رویکرد پیشنهادی همچنین به عملکرد رمزگذاری قابل ‌مقایسه دست می‌یابد اما پیچیدگی محاسباتی کمتری هنگام یکپارچه ‌سازی مدل مترقی ما در طرح RDO دارد.
کلمات کلیدی: شبکه‌های عصبی پیچشی یا همگشتی (CNN) | فیلترینگ درون حلقه‌ای | آموزش مدل | کدگذاری داخلی
مقاله ترجمه شده
4 Possibility to reveal creative accounting when determining the value of the forwarding companys assets
امکان آشکارسازی حسابداری خلاق هنگام تعیین ارزش دارایی های شرکت حمل و نقل-2021
Procedures and methods for determining the value of a transport or forwarding company are different. The purpose of determining the value of the company, what results the company reports and also who performs the valuation has a significant influence on the choice of the method. In addition to various other influences, the expert must also take into account the possibility of the existence of interventions in the transport and forwarding companys accounting. Creative accounting practices follow from the theory of accounting, but they record distorted economic changes in the company according to the wishes of various entities. The most common reason is the reduction of the tax base, but the rare case is, on the contrary, the artificial improvement of the achieved results. The aim of the paper is to analyze the procedures and methods for evaluating a company engaged in transport and/or forwarding and to examine the significance of possible interventions in the accounting of the company and the possibility of their detection by experts.
Keywords: forwarding | value of company | creative accounting | asset method
مقاله انگلیسی
5 How expected inflation distorts the current account and the valuation effect
چگونه انتظار می رود تورم حساب جاری و اثر ارزیابی را تحریف کند-2021
We show that the current account balance (CA) is systematically distorted by an inflation effect , which arises because income on debt is recorded as nominal interest in the currency of denomination. Since nominal interest includes compensations for expected inflation, in- creases in the latter must impact the CA. Guided by the relevant international accounting rules, we impute the inflation effect for 50 economies between 1991 and 2017. When ad- justing for the inflation effect , the absolute value of yearly CAs drops by 0.13% of GDP on average. Over the full period, the reduction is a sizable 22.85% of initial GDP for the aver- age country (26.4% for the U.S.). As the flip side of the CA distortions, the inflation effect contributes systematically to the well-known valuation effect of net foreign assets. For the average country, the inflation effect accounts for a twelfth of the valuation effect, for the U.S., it accounts for well over a half.
keywords: تورم | حساب جاری | اثر ارزش گذاری | Inflation | Current account | Valuation effect
مقاله انگلیسی
6 American business cycles 1889–1913: An accounting approach
چرخه های تجاری آمریکا 1889-1913: یک رویکرد حسابداری-2021
This paper quantitatively investigates the Depression of the 1890s and the 1907 recession in the United States. Business Cycle Accounting decomposes economic fluctuations into their contributing factors. The results suggest that both the 1890s and the 1907 recessions were primarily caused by factors that affect the efficiency wedge, i.e. slumps in the economy’s factor productivity. Distortions to the labor wedge played a less important role. Models with financial market frictions that translate into the efficiency wedge are the most promising candidates for explaining the recessionary episodes.
keywords: Business cycles Depression of the 1890s | Recession of 1907
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Disingenuous natures and post-truth politics: Five knowledge modalities of concern in environmental governance
طبیعت بی نظیر و سیاست های پس از حقیقت: پنج روش دانش از نگرانی در زمینه حکومتداری محیط زیست-2021
In this paper I examine our current post-truth politics and use the concept ‘disingenuous natures’ to describe the intersecting knowledge constructs, management practices and material conditions that enable authoritative knowledge of human-environment interactions to take hold and persist. These conditions are disingenuous because they are both artifactual and generative of social-ecological reifications, knowledge distortions and information deficiencies, yet retain a position of authority and legitimacy in decision-making contexts. I argue that researchers seeking to confront our current post-truth wave lack a clear framework for describing the process through which post-truthism unfolds and disingenuous natures are produced. I describe five interrelated ‘knowledge modalities of concern’ that illuminate key elements of this process. I argue for continued engagement with these knowledge types by critical scholars of the environment because they pose serious challenges for progressive environmental governance.
keywords: حکومتداری محیط زیست | دانش | جهل | اکولوژی سیاسی | پس از حقیقت | ناشناخته شناخته شده | Environmental governance | Knowledge | Ignorance | Political Ecology | Post-truth | Unknown-Knowns
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Accounting for U:S: economic growth 1954–2017
حسابداری برای U:S: رشد اقتصادی 1954-2017-2021
We perform a growth accounting exercise using the whole neoclassical growth model for the U.S. economy during 1954–2017. Our growth accounting exercise reveals that the U.S. extraordinary economic growth in the 1960s has been mainly driven by the increase of the labor efficiency, whereas the growth slowdowns in the 1970s and the first decade of 21st century were mainly driven by the decline in the capital efficiency. However, the reduction of the distortions on the labor supply driven the subsequent recoveries in the 1980s and after the Great Recession.
keywords: حسابداری رشد | گوه CAPITAL-E FFI | گوه Labor-e FFI | گوه کارگر | گوه سرمایه گذاری | گوه محدودیت منابع | بهره وری | سهم کار | ساعت کار کرد | Growth accounting | Capital-efficiency wedge | Labor-efficiency wedge | Labor wedge | Investment wedge | Resource constraint wedge | Productivity | Labor share | Hours worked
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Perceptual quality-preserving black-box attack against deep learning image classifiers
حمله جعبه سیاه با کیفیت ادراکی علیه طبقه بندی کننده های تصویر یادگیری عمیق-2021
Deep neural networks provide unprecedented performance in all image classification problems, including biometric recognition systems, key elements in all smart city environments. Recent studies, however, have shown their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, spawning intense research in this field. To improve system security, new countermeasures and stronger attacks are proposed by the day. On the attacker’s side, there is growing interest for the realistic black-box scenario, in which the user has no access to the network parameters. The problem is to design efficient attacks which mislead the neural network without compromising image quality. In this work, we propose to perform the black-box attack along a high-saliency and low-distortion path, so as to improve both attack efficiency and image perceptual quality. Experiments on real-world systems prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach both on benchmark tasks and actual biometric applications.
Keywords: Image classification | Face recognition | Adversarial attacks | Black-box
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Advanced lane detection technique for structural highway based on computer vision algorithm
تکنیک تشخیص خط پیشرفته برای بزرگراه ساختاری بر اساس الگوریتم بینایی ماشین-2021
Lane departure detection plays a vital role in the Advanced Driver assistive systems and it improves the vehicle’s active safe driving. A wholesome lane detection method which is based on computer vision techniques, is introduced. The lane boundaries and its radius of curvatures and lane direction were detected from a stream of videos. This video footage was recorded from a camera mounted on the top of a vehicle. We have corrected the camera distortion in the input frame. HLS thresholding and sobel thresholding techniques are applied to the undistorted image for getting focus on the lane lines in the binary image. Then the resulted frame is warped to the bird’s eye by applying the perspective transform. The respective lane line pixels are identified using sliding window search and then left and right lane lines are identified by fitting second-degree polynomials. The lane curvature and deviation from the lane centre are also computed after the identification of the lane. The identified lane boundaries are warped back onto the input image and the radius of lane curvature and vehicle position is calculated and dis- played. Hence this technique is enforced using python programming language and for processing the images open CV is utilized. The obtained result illustrates how the proposed method accurately detects the lane line in different lightning conditions.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Advances in Materials Research – 2019.
Keywords: Lane detection | Sobel thresholding | HLS thresholding | Perspective transform | Sliding window search
مقاله انگلیسی
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