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نتیجه جستجو - Traceability

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 64
ردیف عنوان نوع
11 عوامل موثر بر پذیرش بلاک چین در شیوه‌های مدیریت زنجیره تامین : یک مطالعه مبتنی بر صنعت نفت
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 33
مقاله ترجمه شده
12 Developing a blockchain framework for the automotive supply chain: A systematic review
ایجاد چارچوب بلاکچین برای زنجیره تأمین خودرو: یک مرور سیستماتیک-2021
As world is affected by demand volatility; process uncertainty; supply chain complexity and information ambiguity forming a VUCA world. To manage this scenario, industries are adopting emerging technologies for business excellence and one among them is Blockchain. Blockchain technology (BCT) is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that stores transactional records in a tamper-proof and immutable way; it is a promising solution for incorporating transparency and traceability in traditional ecosystem. As automotive industries are facing a Volatile environment, Uncertain schedules & information; Complex supply chain networks, and Ambiguous decisions that cripples the automotive supply chain (ASC). Therefore, BCT can be used to address issues related to ASC in VUCA world. Keeping this in mind, study reported a systematic literature review (SLR) of BCT applications in ASC. More than seventy research papers were reviewed based on different BCT characteristics and applications. Through content analysis, study explored how to link supply chain visibility, information transparency with BCT for an efficient ASC in VUCA world. Moreover, a BCT implementation framework is proposed for ASC, to provide a decision-making approach for practitioners in VUCA world.
Keywords: Automotive supply chain | Blockchain | Systematic literature review | VUCA world
مقاله انگلیسی
13 Circular food supply chains – Impact on value addition and safety
زنجیره های تأمین مواد غذایی دایره ای - تأثیر بر ارزش افزوده و ایمنی-2021
Background: The “linear” manufacturing processes generate waste materials and products that after their use end up in landfills and incinerators. Circular supply chains implement one of the basic concepts of the bioeconomic, i. e., collecting waste streams in order to recycle them into new products, thus achieving a more sustainable production system. Scope and approach: This paper is focused on the application of a circular supply chain concept within the food system, with the aims to: a) outline the advantages of this approach in terms of value addition; b) discuss the impact of the increased complexity of circular supply chains on food safety; and c) propose management solutions. To link theoretical principles with empirical data, winemaking was chosen as a case study because of the high volumes of valuable byproducts produced globally. Key findings and conclusions: Circular food supply chains can potentially generate added-value foods. However, new loops in the food supply chains could also bring about new risks. The main challenges are likelihood of food contamination and loss of identification due to batch dispersion. Hence, a holistic approach of research is needed to integrate the value addition strategy with risk analysis and to apply forecasting and optimization studies to the whole supply chain. At the operational level, Internet of Things could represent a powerful management tool. Moreover, the management system within a circular supply chain should be conceived and implemented beyond the company level, involving all the trading partners in order to ensure high transparency, interconnectivity and thus efficacy.
Keywords: Circular supply chain | Value addition | Food safety | Risk analysis | Traceability
مقاله انگلیسی
14 Exploring smart construction objects as blockchain oracles in construction supply chain management
کاوش اشیا ساخت هوشمند به عنوان اوراکل بلاکچین در مدیریت زنجیره تأمین ساخت و ساز-2021
Blockchain technology has attracted the interest of the global construction industry for its potential to enhance the transparency, traceability, and immutability of construction data and enables collaboration and trust throughout the supply chain. However, such potential cannot be achieved without blockchain “oracles” needed to bridge the on-chain (i.e., blockchain system) and off-chain (i.e., real-life physical project) worlds. This study presents an innovative solution that exploits smart construction objects (SCOs). It develops a SCOs-enabled blockchain oracles (SCOs-BOs) framework. To instantiate this framework, the system architecture of a blockchain-enabled construction supply chain management (BCSCM) system is developed and validated using a case study, whereby four primary smart contracts are examined in the context of off-site logistics and on-site assembly services. The validation results show that accurate data is retrieved against malicious data in each request, and the corresponding reputation scores are successfully recorded. The innovativeness of the research lies in two aspects. In addition to mobilizing SCOs as blockchain oracles to bridge the on-chain and off-chain worlds, it develops a decentralized SCO network to avoid the single point of failure (SPoF) problem widely existing in blockchain systems. This study contributes to existing research and practice to harness the power of blockchain in construction.
Keywords: Blockchain | Oracles | Smart contract | Supply chain management | Smart construction objects | Prefabricated construction
مقاله انگلیسی
15 A Review of Food Fraud and Food Authenticity across the Food Supply Chain, with an Examination of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Brexit on Food Industry
مروری بر تقلب غذایی و اصالت مواد غذایی در سراسر زنجیره تأمین مواد غذایی ، با بررسی تأثیر همه گیر COVID-19 و Brexit در صنایع غذایی-2021
Background Food fraud is the deliberate and intentional act of substituting, altering or misrepresenting foodstuff for financial gain. Economical motivations for food fraud result in criminals focusing on opportunities to commit fraud rather than targeting specific products, thus reducing the probability of food fraud being detected. Although primarily for financial gain, food fraud can impact consumer wellbeing. Therefore, authenticating food is a key stage in protecting consumers and the supply chain. Food manufacturers, processors and retailers are increasingly fighting back as occurrences of food fraud become more prevalent, resulting in a greater focus on detection and prevention.
Scope and approach
The aim of this review paper is to highlight and assess food fraud and authenticity throughout the food supply chain. Food fraud is a significant issue across the food industry, with many high-profile cases coming to public attention. Hence, this paper shall discuss the impact of food fraud on both consumers and manufacturers, the current and future trends in food fraud and methods of defence that are currently in use. Furthermore, emerging issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit, shall be discussed alongside the challenges they yield in terms of food fraud detection and prevention.
Key findings and conclusions
The incidence of food fraud is diverse across the sector, rendering it difficult to quantify and detect. As such, there are numerous food safety and traceability systems in use to ensure the safety and authenticity of food. However, as food fraud continues to diversify and evolve, current methods of detection for guaranteeing authenticity will be drastically challenged. Issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit, have instigated increased demand for food. This combined with reduced industry inspections, weakened governance, audits and ever-increasing pressure on the food industry has exposed greater weaknesses within an already complex system.
KEYWORDS: Food Fraud | Food Authenticity | Food Supply Chain | COVID-19 Pandemic | Brexit | Traceability Systems
مقاله انگلیسی
16 A multi-stakeholder participatory study identifies the priorities for the sustainability of the small ruminants farming sector in Europe
یک مطالعه مشارکتی چند ذینفع اولویت های پایداری بخش کشاورزی کوچک نشخوارکنندگان در اروپا را مشخص می کند-2020
The European small ruminants (i.e. sheep and goats) farming sector (ESRS) provides economic, social and environmental benefits to society, but is also one of the most vulnerable livestock sectors in Europe. This sector has diverse livestock species, breeds, production systems and products, which makes difficult to have a clear vision of its challenges through using conventional analyses. A multi-stakeholder and multi-step approach, including 90 surveys, was used to identify and assess the main challenges for the sustainability of the ESRS to prioritize actions. These challenges and actions were identified by ESRS experts including farmers, cooperatives, breeding associations, advisers and researchers of six EU countries and Turkey. From the 30 identified challenges, the most relevant were economy-related challenges such as ‘uncertainty of meat and milk prices’, ‘volatility of commodity prices’, ‘low farm income’, ‘high subsidy dependency’ and ‘uncertainty in future changes in subsidies’ resulting in ‘a sector not attractive to young farmers’. Most of these challenges were beyond the farmer’s control and perceived as difficult to address. Challenges were prioritized using an index, calculated by multiplying the relevance and the feasibility to address measures. The identified challenges had a similar priority index across the whole sector with small differences across livestock species (sheep vs goats), type of products (meat vs dairy) and intensification levels (intensive vs semi-intensive vs extensive). The priorities were different, however, between socio-geographical regions (Southern vs Central Europe). Some of the top prioritized challenges were linked to aspects related to the production systems (‘low promotion of local breeds’ and ‘slow adaptability of high producing breeds’) and market practices (‘unfair trade/lack of traceability’). The majority of the priority challenges, however, were associated with a deficient knowledge or training at farm level (‘poor business management training’, ‘lack of professionalization’, ‘slow adoption of innovations’), academia (‘researchers do not address real problems’) and society as a whole (‘low consumer education in local products’, ‘low social knowledge about farming’, ‘poor recognition of farming public services’). Thus, improved collaboration among the different stakeholders across the food chain with special implication of farmers, associations of producers, academia and governments is needed to facilitate knowledge exchange and capacity building. These actions can contribute to make ESRS economically more sustainable and to adapt the production systems and policy to the current and future societal needs in a more region-contextualized framework.
Keywords: Dairy | Goat production | Meat | Sheep production | Sustainability
مقاله انگلیسی
17 Framework for Sustainable Risk Management in the Manufacturing Sector
چارچوبی برای مدیریت پایدار ریسک در بخش تولید-2020
Due to increasing customization and complexity of products and shorter product lifecycles, companies need a more flexible and cost-effective product development as well as new business models to stay competitive. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems help to address this need, spanning from conceptualization to the end of a products life. While technologies to connect production and product data have been developed and described as “Industrial Internet of Things” (IIoT), most established Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems cannot efficiently process these data and implementing PLM systems successfully is both a technical and a business challenge. This contribution presents a closed-loop PLM system at the Digital Capability Center (DCC) Aachen that ensures visibility and traceability with a virtual single source of truth, and a corresponding capability building workshop. The capability building workshop is based on interviews and a survey assessing companies’ challenges with regard to PLM. It consists of practical, immersive exercises supported by theoretical foundations to help senior and middle management understand the benefits of IIoT-enabled PLM systems, the importance of connected IT-systems and systematic implementation strategies.© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 10th Conference on Learning Factories 2020.
Keywords; Risk Management | Manufacturing | Framework | Bayesian Belief Network | SMES | Software | Performance
مقاله انگلیسی
18 System architecture for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability
معماری سیستم برای شفافیت مبتنی بر بلاکچین پایداری اجتماعی زنجیره تأمین-2020
Social sustainability is a major concern in global supply chains for protecting workers from exploitation and for providing a safe working environment. Although there are stipulated standards to govern supply chain social sustainability, it is not uncommon to hear of businesses being reported for noncompliance issues. Even reputable firms such as Unilever have been criticized for production labor exploitation. Consumers now increasingly expect sellers to disclose information on social sustainability, but sellers are confronted with the challenge of traceability in their multi-tier global supply chains. Blockchain offers a promising future to achieve instant traceability in supply chain social sustainability. This study develops a system architecture that integrates the use of blockchain, internet-of-things (IoT) and big data analytics to allow sellers to monitor their supply chain social sustainability efficiently and effectively. System implementation cost and potential challenges are analyzed before the research is concluded.
Keywords: Blockchain | Social sustainability | Multi-tier supply chain | Supply chain sustainability | Traceability
مقاله انگلیسی
19 The ethics of AI in health care: A mapping review
اخلاق هوش مصنوعی در مراقبت های بهداشتی: یک بررسی نقشه برداری-2020
This article presents a mapping review of the literature concerning the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care. The goal of this review is to summarise current debates and identify open questions for future research. Five literature databases were searched to support the following research question: how can the primary ethical risks presented by AI-health be categorised, and what issues must policymakers, regulators and developers consider in order to be ‘ethically mindful? A series of screening stages were carried out—for example, removing articles that focused on digital health in general (e.g. data sharing, data access, data privacy, surveillance/ nudging, consent, ownership of health data, evidence of efficacy)—yielding a total of 156 papers that were included in the review. We find that ethical issues can be (a) epistemic, related to misguided, inconclusive or inscrutable evidence; (b) normative, related to unfair outcomes and transformative effectives; or (c) related to traceability. We further find that these ethical issues arise at six levels of abstraction: individual, interpersonal, group, institutional, and societal or sectoral. Finally, we outline a number of considerations for policymakers and regulators, mapping these to existing literature, and categorising each as epistemic, normative or traceability-related and at the relevant level of abstraction. Our goal is to inform policymakers, regulators and developers of what they must consider if they are to enable health and care systems to capitalise on the dual advantage of ethical AI; maximising the opportunities to cut costs, improve care, and improve the efficiency of health and care systems, whilst proactively avoiding the potential harms. We argue that if action is not swiftly taken in this regard, a new ‘AI winter’ could occur due to chilling effects related to a loss of public trust in the benefits of AI for health care.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence | Ethics | Healthcare | Health policies | Machine learning
مقاله انگلیسی
20 Coordinating energy management for multiple energy hubs: From a transaction perspective
هماهنگی مدیریت انرژی برای مراکز مختلف انرژی: از منظر معاملات-2020
The coupled multiple energy carriers integrated with distributed energy units, e.g., energy converters, renewable energy, and storages have offered energy hubs high flexibility and independent controllability. In this paper, a decentralized transactive based energy management framework enabling coordination among multiple energy hubs (MEHs) is developed. Aiming to improve the economic performance of the interconnected energy hub system, a peer to peer (P2P) transaction platform is established for the self-organized trading of MEH. Particularly, a generic scheme for the generation of transaction prices is specified for the energy hub, which is firstly integrated into a modified alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method for the realization of achieving P2P transaction consensus amongst MEHs. Furthermore, this price scheme offers high traceability of energy-price flows inner EHs operation process and external energy transaction activities, providing transparent price signals in the local P2P market. A three-energy hub system is simulated, and numerical case studies have demonstrated the proposed coordination scheme actively encourages individual EH to enroll in the P2P transaction scheme, offering all EHs a win-win transaction framework and improving the global economic efficiency of the networked system.
Keywords: Energy hubs | Decentralized optimization | P2P transaction
مقاله انگلیسی
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