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نتیجه جستجو - Urban agglomeration

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 11
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Quantitative contrast of urban agglomeration colors based on image clustering algorithm: Case study of the Xia-Zhang-Quan metropolitan area
تضاد کمی رنگهای تجمع شهری بر اساس الگوریتم خوشه بندی تصویر: مطالعه موردی منطقه شهری شیا-ژانگ-کوان-2021
Color is an important element to consider when shaping urban characteristics. However, previous studies seldom included quantitative analyses of color relationships between urban agglomerations within proximal regions and with similar cultures to distinguish and shape individual urban personalities. This study focused on Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou metropolitan areas, which are influenced by Minnan culture, and collected natural and cultural landscape network images that collectively represent the urban landscape in China. Color extraction, computer vision processing technologies, and clustering algorithms, such as k-means partitioning, hierarchical methods, and co-occurrence frequency, were applied using image recognition. We then established an urban color database and quantified color attributes. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis of dominant colors and color combination associations in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou metropolitan areas to explore their similarities and differences and define their characteristics. We also considered other cities of the same type for comparison.
KEYWORDS: City color | Urban agglomeration | Network image | Clustering algorithm | Computer vision
مقاله انگلیسی
2 City limits in the age of smartphones and urban scaling
محدودیت های شهر در عصر تلفن های هوشمند و مقیاس بندی شهری-2020
Urban planning still lacks appropriate standards to define city boundaries across urban systems. This issue has historically been left to administrative criteria, which can vary significantly across countries and political systems, hindering a comparative analysis across urban systems. However, the wide use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has now allowed the development of new quantitative approaches to unveil how social dynamics relates to urban infrastructure. In fact, ICT provide the potential to portray more accurate descriptions of the urban systems based on the empirical analysis of millions of traces left by urbanites across the city. In this work, we apply computational techniques over a large volume of mobile phone records to define urban boundaries, through the analysis of travel patterns and the trajectory of urban dwellers in conurbations with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Chile. We created and analyzed the network of interconnected places inferred from individual travel trajectories. We then ranked each place using a spectral centrality method. This allowed to identify places of higher concurrency and functional importance for each urban environment. Urban scaling analysis is finally used as a diagnostic tool that allowed to distinguish urban from non-urban spaces. The geographic assessment of our method shows a high congruence with the current and administrative definitions of urban agglomerations in Chile. Our results can potentially be considered as a functional definition of the urban boundary. They also provide a practical implementation of urban scaling and data-driven approaches on cities as complex systems using increasingly larger non-conventional datasets.
Keywords: City boundaries definition | Spectral network analysis | Urban informatics | Social computing | Scaling laws | Complex systems | Big data
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Functional urban area delineations of cities on the Chinese mainland using massive Didi ride-hailing records
توصیف های کاربردی منطقه شهری از شهرها در سرزمین اصلی چین با استفاده از سوابق گسترده تگرگ سوار بر دیدنی Didi-2020
The problem associated with a citys administrative boundary being “under-” or “over-bounded” has become a global phenomenon. A citys administrative boundary city does not effectively represent the actual size and impact of its labor force and economic activity. While many existing case studies have investigated the functional urban areas of single cities, the problem of how to delineate urban areas in geographic space relating to large bodies of cities or at the scale of an entire country has not been investigated. This study proposed a method for FUA identification that relies on ride-hailing big data. In this study, over 43 million anonymized 2016 car-hailing records were collected from Didi Chuxing, the largest car-hailing online platform in the world (to the best of our knowledge). A core-periphery approach is then proposed that uses nationwide and fine-grained trips to understand functional urban areas in Mainland China. This study examined 4456 out of all 39,007 townships in an attempt to provide a new method for the definition of urban functional areas in Chinese Mainland. In addition, four types of cities are identified using a comparison of functional urban areas with their administrative limits, and a further evaluation is conducted using 23 Chinese urban agglomerations. With the rapidly increasing use of internet-based ride-hailing services, such as Didi, Grab, Lyft, and Uber, globally, this study provides a practical benchmark for the delineation of functional urban areas at larger scales..
Keywords: Functional urban area | Car-hailing records | |National level | Delineating standards | City system
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Delineating urban hinterland boundaries in the Pearl River Delta: An approach integrating toponym co-occurrence with field strength model
ترسیم مرزهای مناطق شهری در دلتای رود مروارید: رویکرد ادغام همزمان وقایع توپومی با مدل مقاومت میدانی-2020
Urban development requires the support of its surrounding areas. Accurate identification of urban hinterlands can help to scientifically evaluate strength and potential of urban development. The field strength model is regarded as an effective way to identify hinterlands, but the revision of friction coefficient has still not reached a consensus. With the application of big data in urban planning, it is possible to improve the field strength model. Toponym co–occurrence data, as a timely data source directly obtained from the Internet, can be used to reflect the spatiotemporal changes in urban connections, and provide an approach to quantifying the friction coefficient for the division of urban hinterlands. In this study, a new approach was developed by integrating toponym co–occurrence and improved field strength model. We considered the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as a case and identified the urban hinterland of each city. The results showed that the friction coefficient among cities fluctuated within a range of 1.25–2.50, the urban hinterlands were no longer confined to their own administrative divisions, and there was fierce competition with other cities. In particular, the urban hinterland of Guangzhou was 3699 km2 larger than its actual administrative area. In addition, the proposed approach was more reliable in urban hinterland identification compared with the traditional fixed friction coefficient method. This study provides an improved field strength model based on toponym co–occurrence, which can identify urban hinterlands more accurately and objectively as well as promote the application of big data in urban planning.
Keywords: Urban hinterland | Toponym co–occurrence | Improved field strength model | Pearl River Delta
مقاله انگلیسی
5 How does urban agglomeration integration promote entrepreneurship in China? Evidence from regional human capital spillovers and market integration
چگونه ادغام اجتماعات شهری باعث پیشرفت کارآفرینی در چین می شود؟ شواهدی از سرریز سرمایه انسانی منطقه ای و ادغام بازار-2020
Using firm birth records and startup data matched with cities characteristics, this paper analyzes nearly 300 prefecture-level cities to examine the role of human capital and market access in shaping the economic geography of innovation-driven entrepreneurship in China. We document strong positive entrepreneurial effects of local human capital resources and market size as well as market integration and human capital spillovers from mega-urban agglomerations of integrated cities. Our estimates point to an elasticity of innovation-driven entrepreneurship with respect to human capital spillovers of 0.50–0.79. The elasticity with respect to market integration is 0.53–0.89. Our results also suggest heterogeneous human capital spillover and market integration effects across urban agglomerations. These effects are more robust in first-tier urban agglomerations because first-tier urban agglomerations have a stronger economic base and greater connectivity. Strong human capital spillover and large gains from access to surrounding economic mass jointly highlight the integrated development of mega-urban agglomerations in China. We discuss policy implications that concern promotion of local in- novation-driven entrepreneurship by strengthening intercity coordination, building transportation and social infrastructure, and improving urban management.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Human capital spillover | Market integration | Urban agglomeration
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Are global cities sustainability champions? A double delinking analysis of environmental performance of urban agglomerations
آیا شهرهای جهانی قهرمان پایداری هستند؟ تجزیه و تحلیل چربی دو برابر از عملکرد محیطی از مساحت شهری-2020
Urban agglomerations – irrespective of their size or location – may act not only as engines of economic growth, but also as vehicles of environmental and climate sustainability that may stimulate both socioeconomic achievements and environmentally-benign outcomes. Clearly, the efficiency of these outcomes may differ for different types of urban agglomeration in the world. This paper aims to present and test an advanced methodology for assessing economic and sustainability-oriented performance strategies for global cities, by developing and applying a super-efficient Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. We compare 40 global cities – included in the Global Power City Index (GPCI) database – in a benchmark study in order to trace the highest-performing urban regions from both an economic and environmentalclimatological efficiency perspective, by applying relevant quantitative GPCI indicators to these 40 cities. Our ultimate goal is to test what is termed the ‘delinking’ hypothesis, from the viewpoint of both economic prosperity and urban size externalities. This approach will be applied empirically by examining the GPCI data set comprised of various multidimensional and empirically verified indicators on economic performance and climatologicalenvironmental conditions for the 40 global cities concerned. We regard both the size of these agglomerations and their economic welfare position as critical parameters for assessing their economic and environmental efficiency performance. In the framework of our original DEA approach, these urban areas are categorised according to 2x2 dimensions, viz. in terms of both agglomeration size (big or medium-sized) and the economic development level of the area (highly developed or developing/emerging). Our contribution serves to assess – by means of regression techniques – the highest performing agglomerations among the urban sustainability champions on the basis of the two above-mentioned assessment criteria. This approach provides the opportunity to test the so-called Kuznets sustainability curve under two different conditions, viz. agglomeration size and economic development. The study presents and interprets the empirical findings for these four classes of global cities
Keywords: Sustainability | Data Envelopment Analysis | Super-efficiency | Global Power City Index | Kuznets curve | Environmental externalities
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Urban travel behaviour and household income in times of economic crisis: Challenges and perspectives for sustainable mobility
رفتار سفر شهری و درآمد خانوار در زمان بحران اقتصادی:چالش ها و دیدگاه های تحرک پایدار-2018
This article investigates the type and quality of changes in the mobility behaviour caused by the persistent economic and social shock in Greece manifested in 2010 onwards with regard to household income. A trip survey was conducted in 2014 to explore the impacts of the economic crisis on the trip characteristics between the city centre and the greater area of Thessaloniki, the second largest city of Greece. The sample consisted of 853 randomly selected users of the city centre and is representative of the sex and age distribution of the overall population of the urban agglomeration. Aiming to minimise their expenses, the individuals have reduced the trip frequency by private car, notably for optional trip purposes like shopping and entertainment, or they have shifted to public transport, motorbike, walking and cycling for downtown trips. In some cases, this reduction in expenses led to household relocation. These changes were more evident in the lowest income groups. In general, the effects of the economic crisis are proving more effective in limiting car use compared to any sustainable mobility measure that has been implemented in the past. However, households, despite their income, appeared mostly uncertain to preserve any sustainable mobility behaviour. In fact, their decision seems to depend on the future economic conditions.
Keywords: Economic crisis ، Urban transport ، Travel behaviour ، Sustainable mobility ، Household income ، Greece
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Evolution and optimization of Chinas urban tourism spatial structure: A high speed rail perspective
تکامل و بهینه سازی ساختار فضایی گردشگری شهری: یک دیدگاه ریلی سرعت بالا-2018
High-speed rail (HSR) networks in China profoundly altered Chinas urban tourism spatial patterns. This paper examines the characteristics and evolution of spatial patterns of the urban hinterland before and after HSR network. Economic relation model and spatial analysis in ArcGIS were utilized on 338 national prefecture-level administrative units. The results show: (1) HSR strengthens tourism-based economic relationships between cities, and demonstrates a “corridor” effect of the spatial distribution of the change rates of tourism external economic relationships; (2) Center cities with larger tourism comprehensive scale are enhanced with expanding trans-province hinterland; the hinterland of central cities are enlarged, of which spatial linkages between the hinterlands are increased; (3) the competition and difference for the hinterland of central cities are intensified. Based on these, this paper proposes a tourism spatial structure with 19 urban agglomerations, 6 1st-class and 21 2nd -class tourist economic zones, and strategies for optimizing Chinas tourist space.
keywords: High-speed rail network |Hinter |land |Tourism spatial structure |Optimization |China
مقاله انگلیسی
9 The significance of digital data systems for smart city policy
اهمیت سیستم های داده دیجیتال برای سیاست شهر هوشمند-2017
Our planet is gradually moving towards an urbanized world. Modern urban agglomerations tend to turn nowadays into advanced information hubs supporting a smart management of dynamic urban systems. The currently popular notion of ‘smart cities’ aims to provide a new perspective for sustainable and high performance strategies of city stakeholders in our ‘urban century’. In this context, digital information technology provides a new tool for efficient and effective management and planning of urban space, inter alia in the field of transportation, environment, public facilities or advanced service provision to citizens. This paper aims to offer, first, a concise overview of the emerging opportunities of information and communication technology (ICT) for smart urban policy; digital technology in particular, appears to provide novel pathways for modern planning strategies in smart cities. Against this background, the paper sketches out the complex force field of global urbanisation phenomena and highlights the data and information needs for strategic planning of cities (using inter alia as a framework the so-called ‘urban piazza’ strategy framework). Secondly, various new decision support tools that are currently emerging and that offer a new promising scope for handling complex urban management issues (for instance, on accessibility, congestion, safety or sustainability) are briefly presented. And finally, the potential of such digital data systems for urban management and policy is concisely illustrated by means of some recent applications in the area of smartphone data systems. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges ahead for urban policy, inter alia by paying attention to institutional and governance aspects of ‘big digital data’ management in urban systems.
Keywords: Digital data | Smart city | Big data | Urbanisation | Urban piazza | Urban Facebook | Mobile phone data
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Global anthropogenic heat flux database with high spatial resolution
پایگاه داده شار گرمای انسانی جهانی با وضوح فضایی بالا-2017
This study developed a top-down method for estimating global anthropogenic heat emission (AHE), with a high spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds and temporal resolution of 1 h. Annual average AHE was derived from human metabolic heating and primary energy consumption, which was further divided into three components based on consumer sector. The first and second components were heat loss and heat emissions from industrial sectors equally distributed throughout the country and populated areas, respectively. The third component comprised the sum of emissions from commercial, residential, and transportation sectors (CRT). Bulk AHE from the CRT was proportionally distributed using a global population dataset, with a radiance-calibrated nighttime lights adjustment. An empirical function to estimate monthly fluctuations of AHE based on gridded monthly temperatures was derived from various Japanese and American city measurements. Finally, an AHE database with a global coverage was con structed for the year 2013. Comparisons between our proposed AHE and other existing datasets revealed that the problem of overestimation of AHE intensity in previous top-down models was mitigated by the separation of energy consumption sectors; furthermore, the problem of AHE underestimation at central urban areas was solved by the nighttime lights adjustment. A strong agreement in the monthly profiles of AHE between our database and other bottom-up datasets further proved the validity of the current methodology. Investigations of AHE for the 29 largest urban agglomerations globally highlighted that the share of heat emissions from CRT sectors to the total AHE at the city level was 40e95%; whereas that of metabolic heating varied with the citys level of development by a range of 2e60%. A negative correlation between gross domestic product (GDP) and the share of metabolic heating to a citys total AHE was found. Globally, peak AHE values were found to occur between December and February, while the lowest values were found around June to August. The northern mid-latitudes contributed most to the global AHE.
Keywords: Anthropogenic heat emission | Global database | Nighttime lights | Urban climate | Energy consumption
مقاله انگلیسی
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