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Decision-making of municipal urban forest managers through the lens of governance
تصمیم گیری مدیران جنگل شهری شهری از طریق لنز حاکمیت-2020 Awareness of the benefits of urban trees has led many cities to develop ambitious targets to increase tree
numbers and canopy cover. Policy instruments that guide the planning of cities recognize the need for new
governance arrangements to implement this agenda. Urban forests are greatly influenced by the decisions of
municipal managers, but there is currently no clear understanding of how municipal managers find support to
implement their decisions via new governance arrangements. To fill this knowledge gap, we collected empirical
data through interviews with 23 urban forest municipal managers in 12 local governments in Greater Melbourne
and regional Victoria, Australia, and analysed these data using qualitative interpretative methods through a
governance lens. The goal of this was to understand the issues and challenges, stakeholders, resources, processes,
and rules behind the decision-making of municipal managers. Municipal managers said that urban densification
and expansion were making it difficult for them to implement their strategies to increase tree numbers and
canopy cover. The coordination of stakeholders was more important for managers to find support to implement
their decisions than having a bigger budget. The views of the public or wider community and a municipal
government culture of risk aversion were also making it difficult for municipal managers to implement their
strategies. Decision-making priorities and processes were not the same across urban centres. Lack of space to
grow trees in new developments, excessive tree removal, and public consultation, were ideas more frequently
raised in inner urban centres, while urban expansion, increased active use of greenspaces, and lack of data/
information about tree assets were concerns for outer and regional centres. Nonetheless, inter-departmental
coordination was a common theme shared among all cities. Strengthening coordination processes is an important
way for local governments to overcome these barriers and effectively implement their urban forest
strategies. Keywords: Municipal government | Urban planning | Urban greenspace | Urban forest management | Urban forest governance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Branching out: The inclusion of urban food trees in Canadian urban forest management plans
انشعاب: گنجاندن مواد غذایی درختان شهری در برنامه های مدیریت جنگل شهری در کانادا-2018 Urban food forests are woody perennial food producing species intentionally planted and managed for their food
products. Research and public interest in urban food forests is increasing in Canada, yet their place in municipal
urban forest management is unclear. To better understand how urban food forests intersect with current urban
forest management imperatives, we analyzed urban forest management plans from 47 municipalities across
Canada to discern if and how urban food forests are incorporated. Through a content analysis, we found that
inclusion of urban food forests and related terms was very uneven in the management plans, with less than one
third of the plans directly considering urban food forests. When food forests are mentioned in plans, common
contextual themes were species diversity, food security and specific management dimensions. These findings
suggest that urban food forests are only beginning to gain recognition in Canadian municipal urban forest
management, particularly in cases when food trees can contribute to existing goals like increasing species di
versity. To fully address all of the potential and challenges associated with urban food forests in Canada, a wider
set of socio-ecological considerations is required by researchers and policy-makers.
Keywords: Urban food forest ، Urban forestry ، Urban forest management plans ، Canada ، Urban vegetation ، Food tree |
مقاله انگلیسی |