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Developing an integrated risk management framework for agricultural water conveyance and distribution systems within fuzzy decision making approaches
ایجاد یک چارچوب مدیریت ریسک یکپارچه برای سیستم های انتقال و توزیع آب کشاورزی در رویکرد تصمیم گیری فازی-2018 Irrigation canal networks, as the primary agricultural water conveyance and delivery systems, are exposed to a
variety of hazards affecting the water distribution processes. This study, for the first time, develops a comprehen
sive risk management framework for the canal network through a Fuzzy Hierarchical method. In this regard, the
risk is analyzed by a combination of probability, consequence, and vulnerability against identified hazards based
on the hierarchical framework. The developed model is based on fuzzy numbers to consider the uncertainties
arise from experts opinion. To aggregate the calculated risk in the hierarchical framework, the Fuzzy Simple Ad
ditive Weighting (FSAW) approach was employed. To enhance the reliability of the water distribution system
and decrease the risk of failure, six risk management alternatives are proposed based on the risk assessment re
sults and the most significant hazards. To prioritize managerial scenarios, two sets of criteria were selected in
cluding quantitative criteria (consisting of cost of operation and risk reduction) and a qualitative set
(compromising social and operational criteria). The risk management scenarios were prioritized based on two
rational multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods of a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to
Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Regarding different degrees of importance of
the criteria, a pair-wise comparison was conducted by a group of experts to determine the relative weight of
the criteria. According to the risk assessment results, the riskiest hazards are poor maintenance, seepage, unex
pected event, drought, and vandalism of the structure. Moreover, employing the MCDM model in risk-based
Keywords: Hierarchical risk assessment ، Risk management ، Irrigation canal network ، TOPSIS ، SAW |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Vandalism and tourism settings: An integrative review
تنظیمات واندیالیسم و گردشگری: یک مرور جامع-2016 Although wide agreement exists in the literature concerning the presence of vandalism in tourism, very
little attention has been given to studying the phenomenon. This paper reviews published literature that
addresses vandalism, its manifestation in tourism and its prevention. The review provides a compre
hensive analysis of empirical research on the motivations for vandalism, deviant visitor behaviour and
intervention strategies to manage such behaviours in tourism settings. The paper reviews the micro-level
and macro level forces influencing vandalism and provides a definition, thematic analysis of current
literature on motivation of vandalism and common themes in vandalism prevention. The analysis
demonstrates a range of intervention strategies to curb vandalism. An evolution towards the use of more
refined proactive techniques is apparent in recent work. The review provides a foundation for further
work by theorists and practitioners.
Keywords: Vandalism | Tourism | Visitor behaviour | Intervention |
مقاله انگلیسی |