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An entity-relationship model of the flow of waste and resources in city-regions: Improving knowledge management for the circular economy
یک مدل ارتباط برقراری ارتباط از جریان ضایعات و منابع در مناطق شهری: بهبود مدیریت دانش برای اقتصاد دایره ای-2021 Waste and resources management is one of the domains where urban and regional planning can transition to-
wards a Circular Economy, thus slowing environmental degradation. Improving waste and resources manage-
ment in cities requires an adequate understanding of multiple systems and how they interact. New technologies
contribute to improve waste management and resource efficiency, but knowledge silos hinder the possibility of
delivering sound holistic solutions. Furthermore, lack of compatibility between data formats and diverse defi-
nitions of the same concept reduces information exchange across different urban domains. This paper addresses
the challenge of organising and standardising information about waste and resources management in city
regions.
Given the amount and variety of data constantly captured, data models and standards are a crucial element of
Industry 4.0. The paper proposes an Entity-Relationship Model to harmonise definitions and integrate infor-
mation on waste and resources management. Furthermore, it helps to formalise the components of the system
and their relationships. Semi-structured interviews with government officials, mobile app developers and aca-
demics provided insights into the specific system and endorsed the model. Finally, the paper illustrates the
translation of the ERM into a relational database schema and instantiates Waste Management and industrial
Symbiosis cases in Buenos Aires (ARG) and Helsingborg (SWE) to validate its general applicability. The data
model for the Circular Flow of Waste and Resources presented here enhances traditional waste management
perspectives by introducing Circular Economy strategies and spatial variables in the model. Thus, this research
represents a step towards unlocking the true potential of Industry 4.0. keywords: شهرهای دایره ای | مدیریت زباله | اقتصاد دایره ای | صنعت 4.0 | مدل ارتباط برق | sql | Circular cities | Waste management | Circular economy | Industry 4.0 | Entity-relationship model | SQL |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Organic-waste-derived butyric acid-to-biodiesel supply-chain network: Strategic planning design using a deterministic snapshot model
شبکه زنجیره تامین اسید بوتیریک اسید به بیودیزل مشتق شده از مواد آلی: طراحی برنامه ریزی استراتژیک با استفاده از یک مدل عکس فوری قطعی-2021 An integrated optimization model for an organic-waste-derived butyric acid-to-butanol supply-chain network (BABSCN) is proposed to minimize the total network cost by simultaneously optimizing both strategic biodiesel production and waste management planning decisions. This model is useful for ensuring effective organic-waste provision for large-scale biodiesel production and waste management. The proposed mixed-integer linear-pro- gramming model optimizes the activities ranging from organic-waste preprocessing to butyric acid (BA), transportation of BA to biorefinery, butanol (BuOH) production and mixing with diesel to the distribution of biodiesel. This model is useful for forecasting organic-waste management biodiesel supply chains in South Korea in 2030. The case study results show that a total network cost of $US 3.16/gallon of B3 contains 3% BuOH from organic waste products combined with diesel. The biorefinery-related cost accounts for 98.3% of the total network cost, followed by the organic waste procurement cost (1.1%) and biodiesel distribution cost (0.6%). A scenario-based analysis shows that a 7%-BuOH increase in biodiesel increases the total network cost by 18.8%. Keywords: Strategic planning | Supply chain | Organic waste | Biodiesel | Optimization | Cost |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Evaluating the urban metabolism sustainability of municipal solid waste management system: An extended exergy accounting and indexing perspective
ارزیابی متابولیسم شهری پایداری سیستم مدیریت ضایعات جامد شهری: حسابداری اگزرژی گسترده و دیدگاه نمایه سازی-2021 In this study, Extended Exergy Accounting was adopted to develop an accounting model to evaluate the performance of a Municipal Solid Waste Management System. Furthermore, urban metabolism sustainability index
for waste was also proposed to represent the unified society-economy-environment impacts of the MSWMS under
the framework of a comprehensive sustainability evaluation. A detailed analysis of wood and horticultural waste
treatment scenarios in Singapore was done as a case study. It was found that the gasification scenario theoretically performs significantly better than the incineration scenario, in terms of energy carrier consumption,
emissions, thermodynamic efficiency and sustainability. Analysis results show that, if extrapolated to Singapore’s
total wood and horticultural waste, gasification technology has potential to reduce energy consumption and
increase electricity output. An uncertainty analysis was carried out and it was found that the main extended
exergetic parameters of the two scenarios considered were in the range of 3–8%, thus confirming the reliability of the accounting results. A sensitivity analysis of the urban metabolism sustainability index for waste was conducted for the gasification scenario to identify key influencing factors and seek potential improvements; this was
done by considering changes in four variables: transportation distance, electrical efficiency, working hour
increment and gross capital cost per ton waste treated. It was found that, to ensure the feasibility and sustainability of gasification scenario, the following are required: keeping the electricity production efficiency greater
than 21.33%; the transportation distance between the gasification power plant and source of wood and horticultural waste should be kept within 17.08 km; employment of per kton annual treatment capacity should be less
than 0.14 workers; wood and horticultural waste source should control the waste collection frequency of no more
than 3 times per day and the number of workers participating in the collection each time is less than 4 persons,
totaling to 12 workers per day.
keywords: تجزیه و تحلیل Exergy را گسترش دهید | زباله جامد شهری | ارزیابی پایداری | متابولیسم شهری | اگزرژی کار | Exergy اصلاح محیط زیست | Extend exergy analysis | Municipal solid waste | Sustainability assessment | Urban metabolism | Labor exergy | Environmental remediation exergy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A flexible risk assessment framework for marine plastic pollution that synthesizes waste management and ecological impact data
یک چارچوب ارزیابی ریسک انعطافپذیر برای آلودگی پلاستیکی دریایی که دادههای مدیریت زباله و اثرات زیستمحیطی را ترکیب میکند-2021 The vast quantity of plastic in the world’s ocean poses an urgent problem for marine ecosystems and coastal
communities. While considerable research has aimed to understand how plastics impact marine life, there remains a gap in connecting this knowledge with waste management practices. Because these practices often
determine the end fate of plastic items, bridging this gap is critical to reducing the flow of harmful plastics into
the ocean. The framework proposed here identifies policy actions to reduce consumption of high-impact plastics
using a compound risk score that encompasses both an item’s likelihood of entering the ocean and its negative
ecological impact. We illustrate the framework’s application using a case study of single-use plastic (SUP)
consumption at a large Canadian university. We quantified SUPs purchased over one year at the University of
British Columbia and collected data from its associated waste management system to identify factors that influence an item’s end fate. We used these data to estimate the relative risk of items exiting the recycling stream,
then combined this with published data on the items’ marine impacts to calculate their compound risk scores.
The results identify high-risk plastic items to prioritize in waste reduction strategies and lower-risk alternatives.
The results also highlight specific policy avenues to improve the efficiency of the focal waste management
system. This framework is flexible to diverse contexts, requiring only information about plastic consumption and
waste management practices. It is thus an accessible and useful tool to support local transitions toward a reduced
marine footprint.
keywords: Risk assessment Waste management | Plastic pollution | Marine debris |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Towards a circular economy for sustainable development: An application of full cost accounting to municipal waste recyclables
به سمت یک اقتصاد دایره ای برای توسعه پایدار: استفاده از هزینه های کامل حسابداری به بازیافت های زباله های شهری-2021 From a circular economy perspective, the municipal waste (MW) sector remains a valuable input source
for waste recyclable re-industrialization among food, pollution, and energy. In this study, different accounting approaches and scenarios for sustainable MW management are explored to find the most cost
efficient and profitable approach. The Full Cost Accounting (FCA) method is adopted as the basis of
analysis in this study where an integrated sustainable framework for the Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT)
pricing model is developed and designed that can optimize MW management in attaining ‘zero waste
disposal’ at the lowest cost as well as generating economic, environmental and social benefits. Using
waste management data from 27 councils in Egypt and two different PAYT methods (i.e. weight-based
and volume-based) under three case scenarios, this study documents that the prepaid bag system under the volume-based PAYT method leads to the lowest waste costs and creates more incentives for
households in terms of economic, social and environmental benefits. These findings have various implications for the policy makers, government councils, waste managers, businesses and communities in
the adoption of volume based PAYT schemes for cost-effective, profitable and socially acceptable reusing
and recycling of waste. Such valuable addition to MW management can contribute to the environmental
and socially sustainable development in emerging markets and in moving towards a circular economy
model.
keywords: اقتصاد دایره ای | پایداری | توسعه پایدار | مواد قابل بازیافت شهرداری | Pay-as-you-throw (payt) هزینه کامل | رویکرد حسابداری | بازار در حال ظهور | Circular economy | Sustainability | Sustainable development | Municipal waste recyclables | Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) full cost | accounting approach | Emerging market |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Influence of construction company size on the determining factors for construction and demolition waste management
تأثیر اندازه شرکت ساخت در عوامل تعیین کننده ساخت و مدیریت زباله های تخریب-2021 Due to the relevance of construction and demolition waste (CDW) generation for circular economy and reduction
of environmental impacts, it is important to evaluate the factors leading to constraints regarding waste. Previous
researchers have assessed construction company attitudes and behaviors toward CDW management, but factors
such as the presence of environmental technicians, registration of the CDW generated, commitment to the legal
framework, the subcontracting regime, and construction works’ oversight were rarely addressed in terms of the
differences existing within the construction sector. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the rela-
tionship of these factors with construction company size. A questionnaire was sent to Portuguese construction
companies, and 652 responded. The sample was divided into three groups: micro, small, and medium/large
companies. Statistical data treatment was carried out to assess whether there were statistically significant dif-
ferences in the mentioned factors between groups. The main conclusions highlight: the prevalence of environ-
mental technicians working in larger companies; the registration on waste platforms being only performed
consistently by medium/large companies; a considerable proportion of micro and small companies having
knowledge gaps about the practices adopted; the responsibility for CDW management within the subcontracting
regime being mainly from subcontractors; and the presence of a gap regarding onsite construction works
oversight. These differences lead to the need to reevaluate the strategies for CDW management and adapt the
strategies to the specific conditions of the construction sector, including the size of construction companies. keywords: بخش ساخت | شرکت های ساختمانی | ساخت و تخریب زباله (CDW) | مدیریت زباله | رفتار - اخلاق | Construction sector | Construction companies | Construction and demolition waste (CDW) | Waste management | Behavior |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Development of a knowledge-based tool for waste management of prefabricated steel structure projects
توسعه یک ابزار مبتنی بر دانش برای مدیریت زباله پروژه های ساختمانی فولاد پیش ساخته-2021 Although the construction industry is critical for sustainability goals due to the high amount of waste it gen-
erates, its waste management performance is still not at the desired level. One of the main reasons for this can be
attributed to the lack of enough knowledge of construction companies on the sources/reasons of waste and
amount of waste. The major aim of this study was to develop a knowledge-based tool for capturing, storing, and
disseminating waste-related knowledge for prefabricated steel construction projects. The developed tool can be
used for waste estimation, monitoring, and minimization of all materials used during different phases of pre-
fabricated steel structure projects based on the data captured from current and previous projects. One advantage
of the tool is the integration of all processes of waste management, which have been usually considered inde-
pendently in previous studies. Moreover, being a knowledge-based tool, it can increase awareness and learning
ability of companies about waste and its management. Finally, although the process model of the tool is generic
and can operate in alternative domains, the tool is applicable for only prefabricated steel projects. It is believed
that the process model and the tool presented in this paper can be further customized for different project types
and considering different company needs. keywords: ابزار مدیریت زباله مبتنی بر دانش | پروژه های ساختمانی فولاد پیش ساخته | صنعت ساخت و ساز | زباله های مواد | ابزار مبتنی بر وب | Knowledge-based waste management tool | Prefabricated steel structure projects | Construction industry | Material waste | Web-based tool |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Reduction of waste and carbon emission through the selection of items with cross-price elasticity of demand to form a sustainable supply chain with preservation technology
کاهش انتشار زباله و انتشار کربن از طریق انتخاب مواردی با کشش تقاضای متقابل قیمت برای تشکیل یک زنجیره تأمین پایدار با فناوری حفظ-2021 Carbon emission plays a vital role in global warming. In addition to this, wastages due to the deterioration have a hazardous impact on the ecosystem. The responsible managers’ primary concern is to form a sustainable supply chain. Further, supply chain managers select some appropriate combinations when dealing with items that possess cross-price elasticity of demand to make a profitable system. The present model aims to make a sustainable supply chain to reduce waste by obtaining the optimal values of production rate, batch size, several shipments, and preservation investment such that the total profit of the system is maximum. In the present study, a supply chain model with two manufacturers and one common retailer is developed. The proposed supply chain deals with products having negative or positive cross-price elasticity of demand. The carbon emission is also considered, which is associated with different operational activities of inventory such as preparation of setup of manufacturers, transportation of products, waste management, and holding stock at manufacturers and the retailer’s end. The objective function in the present study is a mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem. A solution method- ology based on differential calculus is adopted. The result shows that products of low negative or high positive cross-price elasticity are a profitable combination. Additionally, a 20% reduction in wastage quantity is observed due to the investment in preservation technology. This result indicates that preservation technology positively impacts the environment and the finance associated with the inventory system. The proposed integrated system’s sustainability is illustrated with numerical examples, sensitivity analysis, and pictorial representation. In addition to this, several valuable managerial insights based on the study are provided.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Deterioration | Sustainability | carbon emission | Preservation technology | Waste management | Supply chain management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Optimal process design for integrated municipal waste management with energy recovery in Argentina
طراحی فرآیند بهینه برای مدیریت یکپارچه زباله شهری با بازیابی انرژی در آرژانتین-2020 This work presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the optimal selection of municipal waste
treatment alternatives, accounting for co-digestion of sludge and municipal solid waste. The superstructure
of alternatives includes anaerobic digestion under mesophilic or thermophilic conditions,
composting, recycling, and final disposal in a landfill. Anaerobic digesters can be fed with different
mixing ratios of sewage sludge (SS) and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OF). A mixedinteger
mathematical programming formulation is proposed to find the optimal process design. It
comprises nonlinear equations to estimate digestion yields according to substrate mixing ratios. Results
for cities of different sizes show that the joint treatment can increase profitability, especially in small
populations. In all cases, co-digestion of the full stream of SS and OF leads to an integrated waste-toenergy
process that maximizes the economic value and reduces environmental impacts of waste by
producing electricity, heat and fertilizer. Keywords: Co-digestion | Waste-to-Energy | Optimization | Superstructure | Process design |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Circular economy practices within energy and waste management sectors of India: A meta-analysis
شیوه های اقتصاد مدور در بخش های انرژی و مدیریت پسماند هند: فراتحلیل-2020 Adoption of circular practices within environmental management is gaining worldwide recognition owing to
rapid resource depletion and detrimental effects of climate change. The present study therefore attempted to
ascertain the linkages between circular economy (CE) and sustainable development (SD) by examining the role
of renewable energy (RE) and waste management (WM) sectors in CE combined with policy setup and enabling
frameworks boosting the influx of circularity principles in the Indian context. Results revealed that research
dedicated towards energy recovery from waste in India lacks integration with SD. Findings also revealed that
although India is extremely dedicated towards attainment of the SDGs, penetration of CE principles within
administration requires considerable efforts especially since WM regulations for municipal, plastic and e-waste
lack alignment with CE principles. Integration of WM and RE policies under an umbrella CE policy would
provide further impetus to the attainment of circularity and SD within the Indian economy. Keywords: Circular economy | India | Policy frameworks | Renewable energy | Sustainable development goals | Waste management |
مقاله انگلیسی |