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نتیجه جستجو - Wastewater

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 39
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Technical-knowledge-integrated material flow cost accounting model for energy reduction in industrial wastewater treatment
مدل حسابداری مواد مخدر فنی دانش فنی برای کاهش انرژی در درمان فاضلاب صنعتی-2021
A novel simulation model incorporating the concept of material flow cost accounting (MFCA) into a numerical process simulator for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was developed. Cost-related parameters, such as electrical power consumption, were calculated for each unit process by referring to predetermined formulas of design rules and technical knowledge built into the model. These calculated values were then assigned to the outflow stream proportional to the flowrate, allowing each flow stream in the WWTP to be quantified according to the history of assigned costs. This method increased the number of quantity centers in MFCA models regardless of actual data availability, thus contributing complex flow configuration and flexible comparison of improvement approaches related to financial evaluation. Energy cost allocation maps created by this model demonstrated the benefits of anaerobic treatment in the WWTP of a soft-drink factory in Japan. Additionally in this WWTP, the observed values of total power consumption were 40% higher than the simulated values, and improvement approaches, such as instrumental control of aeration, were evaluated for their feasibility and financial impact. These results demonstrated the success of the model in adding and reinforcing analytical and predictive functions in the MFCA survey method.
Keywords: Material flow cost accounting | Process simulation model | Industrial wastewater | Energy saving | Food and beverage industry
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Dynamic resilience for biological wastewater treatment processes: Interpreting data for process management and the potential for knowledge discovery
انعطاف پذیری پویا برای فرآیندهای تصفیه بیولوژیکی فاضلاب: تفسیر داده ها برای مدیریت فرآیند و پتانسیل برای کشف دانش-2021
Climate change, population growth and increasing regulation are causing wastewater treatment plants to become increasingly stressed, especially in countries like the UK, where many of these systems date back to the early part of the 20th century. Understanding resilience dynamics for these ageing wastewater assets represents a funda- mental step in classifying multi-dimensional water stressors toward preventing severe pollution incidents. This paper explores the potential of a novel dynamic resilience approach to assess and predict the dynamic resilience of biological wastewater treatment based on the separation of stressor events (cause) and process stress (effect) to consider the deviation from reference conditions. The approach presented provides a fundamental link between (1) conventional activated sludge modelling methodologies, (2) actual biological wastewater process instrument data (potential for knowledge discovery) and (3) the characterisation of dynamic resilience in wastewater treatment processes. Results first present the dynamic resilience approach by modelling simulated shock flow conditions on an activated sludge plant, then incorporates ten years of wastewater process instrument data to demonstrate the actual dynamic resilience. The aim is to represent the “dynamic resilience” as self-ordering windows, a visual knowledge base (three dimensional, heat map), which operational staff can easily interpret. The outcomes presented suggest that such an approach is feasible and has the potential for real-time identifi- cation of conditions that result in pollution incidents based on actual historical process instrument data (knowledge discovery). Also, the methods presented could be extended to develop an improved understanding of wastewater system resilience under a range of future stressor scenarios.
keywords: انعطاف پذیری پویا | مدل سازی تاثیر فرآیند | استرس فرایند | مدل سازی پویا | مدل سازی فاضلاب | Dynamic resilience | Process impact modelling | Process stress | Dynamic modelling | Wastewater modelling
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Beyond blue: An extended framework of blue water footprint accounting
فراتر از آبی: یک چارچوب گسترده ای از حسابداری آبی آب آبی-2021
The water use of societies results in multiple environmental and social impacts and is a fundamental component of sustainability. Correspondingly, water footprint studies have grown significantly in numbers over the last decade. However, these studies mostly account for the human appropriation of freshwater resources, while overlooking various alternative water resources. This paper responds to the growing need for a complete water footprint accounting and presents an extended framework of the blue water footprint, comprised of seven water types. A case study shows spatially-explicit and use-specific analysis of Israels diverse water system. Israels freshwater use accounts for only 40% of its total water use. Desalinated seawater and reused wastewater contribute 52% and 45% to the countrys municipal and agricultural water use, respectively. The “original” blue water footprint assumes only freshwater use; thus, it overestimates the appropriation of natural water resources by humans. The extended blue water footprint accounts for seawater, brackish water, runoff, and reused wastewater along with surface water and fresh groundwater. It, therefore, estimates the human water use more accurately.
Alternative water types use has some adverse environmental and health impacts. These include high energy intensity due to desalination, soil salinization from brackish water irrigation, and human exposure to traces of pharmaceutical in drinking water due to treated wastewater irrigation. By acknowledging the water mix of different sectors and regions, the extended blue water footprint contributes to advancing a water-energy nexus analysis or accounting for various environmental and health impacts of water use.
keywords: دفع آب | مخلوط آب | تعاملات انسانی محیط زیست | Water-footprint | Water-mix | Human-environment-interactions
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Evaluating CO2 emissions from continuous flow and batch growth systems under autotrophic mode: Implications for GHG accounting of biological nutrient removal
ارزیابی انتشار CO2 از جریان مداوم جریان و سیستم های رشد دسته ای تحت حالت اتوتروفیک: پیامدهای حسابداری GHG از حذف مواد مغذی زیستی-2021
The oxidation of ammonia by autotrophic bacteria is a central part of the nitrogen cycle and a fundamental aspect of biological nutrient removal (BNR) during wastewater treatment. Autotrophic ammonia oxidation produces protons and results in net-CO2 production due to the neutralizing effect of bicarbonate alkalinity. Attention must be paid to the propensity for this produced CO2 to be transferred to the atmosphere where it can act as a greenhouse gas (GHG). In the context of BNR systems, bicarbonate-derived CO2 emissions should be considered distinct from the biogenic CO2 that arises from cellular respiration, though this distinction is not made in current GHG accounting practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two experimental systems operated under autotrophic mode and buffered with bicarbonate, to investigate the rela- tionship between ammonia removal and gaseous CO2 emissions. The first system consisted of continuously aerated lab-scale batch reactors, which were effective in demonstrating the important link between ammonia oxidizer activity, pH, and gaseous CO2 production. Depletion of the buffer system always led to a rapid decline in system pH and cessation of CO2 emissions when the pH fell below 7.0. The second system was a tubular continuous-flow biofilm reactor which permitted comparison of ammonia removal and CO2 emission rates. A linear relationship between ammonia removal and CO2 emissions was demonstrated and the quantified CO2 production was relatively close to that which was predicted based on the stoichiometry of nitrification, with this CO2 being detected in the gas phase. It was apparent that this system offered minimal resistance to the mass transfer of CO2 from the liquid to gas, which is an important factor that determines how much of the bicarbonate- derived CO2 may contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in engineered systems such as those used for BNR.
keywords: اکسیداسیون آمونیاک اتوتروفیک | بیوفیلم های autotrophic | حذف مواد مغذی زیستی | قلیایی کربنات | انتشار گاز CO2 | انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | Autotrophic ammonia oxidation | Autotrophic biofilms | Biological nutrient removal | Carbonate alkalinity | CO2 emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
5 پردازش فاضلاب لبنی و کنترل خودکار بازیافت زباله در تصفیه ‌خانه فاضلاب شهری براساس بررسی‌های مدلسازی
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 30
براساس مدل کالیبره شده برای یک تصفیه‌خانه فاضلاب شهری بی هوازی - آنوکسیک - هوازی (A2O)‏ (WWTP)، این تحقیق راه‌حل‌های عملی، تنظیمات سیستم کنترل و شرایط عملیاتی بهینه برای پردازش فاضلاب لبنی را بررسی و پیشنهاد کرد. مطالعه حالت پایدار در مورد افزودن مقادیر مختلف روزانه فاضلاب لبنی در خط آب WWTP نشان داد که با یافتن حداقل غلظت نیتروژن کل در پساب آب، موثرترین مقدار باید تصفیه شود. بررسی‌های پویا در مورد افزودن مقادیر مختلف فاضلاب روزانه، انگیزه‌های پیکربندی سیستم کنترل آبشاری پیشنهادی را براساس کنترل غلظت آمونیاک یا نیترات در راکتورهای هوادهی شده، مرتبط با نیترات و کنترل غلظت نیتریت در رآکتور بی‌هوازی نشان داد. بهترین دوره‌های زمانی و طول مدت برای برنامه‌ ریزی پردازش فاضلاب لبنی جستجو و یافت شد. نتایج اولیه انگیزه‌های توزیع اضافی فاضلاب لبنی را در طول ۲ ساعت، در بالاترین لحظات غلظت ورودی نشان داد. تحقیقات بیشتر، با تکیه‌بر روش بهینه‌سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک، نشان داد که برنامه‌ریزی روزانه بهتر برای افزودن فاضلاب لبنی ممکن است به دست آید. در مقایسه با عملیات عادی، برنامه زمان‌بندی بهینه تصفیه فاضلاب لبنی بهبود شاخص عملکرد کلی ۱۳.۳۶ % را در زمانی که روزانه 1:52p.m بود، نشان داد. سپس با استفاده از روش بهینه‌سازی، زمان و طول مدت یک ساعت برنامه مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج انگیزه‌های دوگانه یا دوچندان بازیابی کربن و مواد مغذی، مرتبط با مزایای انرژی و کیفیت پساب در عملیات WWTP را نشان می‌دهد.
کلمات کلیدی: تصفیه فاضلاب | فاضلاب صنایع لبنی | مدلسازی | بازیابی کربن و مواد مغذی | برنامه زمانبندی بهینه
مقاله ترجمه شده
6 Participatory approach in Aquifer Storage and Recovery management in Arid zones, does it work?
رویکرد مشارکتی در مدیریت ذخیره سازی ابخوان و مدیریت بازیابی در مناطق خشک ، مؤثر است؟-2020
Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) with treated wastewater, is considered as an effective solution for a critical aquifer decline due to groundwater overexploitation. In ASR operational step and after the aquifer storage phase, the problem is the new groundwater right for stakeholders and specifically farmers. In a 2-year study, the potential of a participatory approach for solving this problem was investigated and applied in Fashafoeyeh aquifer in southern Tehran Province. This aquifer faces a critical situation of groundwater from point of view of quantitative and qualitative aspects. Firstly, five indicators were considered including agricultural efficiency, water resource efficiency, water governance, local participation, and economic factors. Then 23 farmers and agricultural landowners were selected based on age, education, and gender. A questionnaire was designed, surveyed, and filled out after interviewing them in several field trips to the site. The results of data analysis showed that 96% of farmers and landowners were highly motivated in the implementation of the participatory approach in ASR management. Moreover, 91% showed a high desire to decrease the groundwater withdrawal from wells. A high percentage of stakeholders had a tendency to participate in some aspects of ASR system. In the meantime, many farmers had a negative viewpoint about government supports. The results illustrate a correlation between agriculture efficiency with participation in the government’s projects and implementation. Moreover, a correlation exists between water management in the field and participation in government’s projects as well as local participatory. This research emphasises on proper planning through face-to-face dialogue with farmers and landowners. In this regard, they collaborate in a participatory approach, as well as a technical and social team to implement the aquifer storage and recovery management.
Keywords: Aquifer | Treated wastewater | Storage | People participation | Groundwater | Iran
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Boosting solar steam generation by structure enhanced energy management
افزایش تولید بخار خورشیدی توسط ساختار پیشرفته مدیریت انرژی -2020
Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment. This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat for water evaporation. However solar-steam generation can be somewhat inefficient due to energy losses via conduction, convection and radiation. Thus, efficient energy management is crucial for optimizing the performance of solar-steam generation. Here, via elaborate design of the configuration of photothermal materials, as well as warm and cold evaporation surfaces, performance in solar evaporation was significantly enhanced. This was achieved via a simultaneous reduction in energy loss with a net increase in energy gain from the environment, and recycling of the latent heat released from vapor condensation, diffusive reflectance, thermal radiation and convection from the evaporation surface. Overall, by using the new strategy, an evaporation rate of 2.94 kg m−2 h−1, with a corresponding energy efficiency of solar-steam generation beyond theoretical limit was achieved.
Keywords: Solar-steam generation | photothermal | energy management | latent heat recycling | reduced graphene oxide | desalination
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Prediction and management of solar energy to power electrochemical processes for the treatment of wastewater effluents
پیش بینی و مدیریت انرژی خورشیدی به قدرت فرآیندهای الکتروشیمیایی برای تصفیه پساب فاضلاب-2020
A highly versatile software tool able to predict and manage the solar power coming from photovoltaic panels and to assess the environmental remediation of wastewater effluents has been developed. The prediction software tool is made up of four modules. The first one predicts the solar radiation by a phenomenological model. Secondly, an energy optimization algorithm manages the solar power towards the third and fourth modules, an environmental remediation treatment (electrooxidation) and an energy storage system (redox flow battery), respectively. The software tool is aimed to the best solar power management to obtain the highest remediation treatment. Results shows a daily solar radiation prediction with a high accuracy, attaining correlation coefficients of 0.89. Furthermore, the prediction of the removal of an organochlorinated compound from a wastewater effluent at different time of the year was studied. Different percentages of the total solar power are sent directly to the electrooxidation reactor and to the redox flow battery. At non-solar production hours, the electrooxidation reactor is powered by the redox flow battery in order to exploit the total solar power produced. The results show that, the higher the solar radiation, the higher the power percentage that must be directly sent to the electrooxidation treatment in order to attain the best energy management and the higher remediation. Thus, an 82.5% of the total solar power must be sent to the electrooxidation treatment in summer days in contrast to the 25% that have to be powered in winter days to attain the highest removal of pollutant. Consequently, it is important to evaluate the connection between devices to get the best green energy management and the lower energy losses.
Keywords: Energy management | Solar power | Green sources | Electrolysis | Redox flow batteries | Forecasting
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Reducing energy costs of the wastewater treatment plant by improved scheduling of the periodic influent load
کاهش هزینه های انرژی تصفیه فاضلاب خانه با برنامه ریزی بهتر بار تأثیرگذار دوره ای-2020
The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a major actor of the water-energy nexus. This study proposes to partially store in available WWTP tank infrastructure the wastewater received during the day-time and schedule the purification of the stored wastewater at night-time. The intended operational approach aims to shift part of the WWTP electrical energy consumption from day-time into the night-time period when the energy has lower prices, also contributing to the balance of the electrical power generation system. This research presents the case study of a Romanian WWTP with Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (A2O) process configuration. A proposed control strategy was implemented and tested on the dynamic calibrated WWTP model, based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 and the secondary settler Tak�acs model. Simulations of the proposed scheduling program for the storing and processing time-periods of the influent wastewater, associated to the designed control strategies, demonstrate the reduction of the operational costs and energy savings, while keeping the effluent quality within the requested regulation limits and improving the plant sustainability. In the most favorable case and considering the overall WWTP performance, the operational costs are reduced by 47% and the effluent quality is improved by 25%. To achieve this performance a part of the influent wastewater is stored from 2 p.m. in the available tanks (day-period) while the beginning of the stored wastewater treatment is scheduled at 12 a.m. (night-period). Air flow rate distribution in the nitrification zone and the two water recirculation flow rates are also found by optimization.
Keywords: Wastewater treatment | Influent storage scheduling | Control strategies | Electrical energy management | Sustainability
مقاله انگلیسی
10 An enterprise control methodology for the techno-economic assessment of the energy water nexus
یک روش کنترل شرکت برای ارزیابی فنی و اقتصادی از مزایای آب انرژی-2020
This paper investigates the techno-economic impact of flexible operation of energy-water resources on power systems performance. More specifically, it presents a methodology that combines the lessons learnt from the renewable energy integration literature and the energy-water nexus literature into a single coherent framework that finds synergies between these two fields. From the renewable energy literature, the enterprise control methodology is employed to quantify the energy market production costs, dispatched energy mixes, required operating reserves, levels of curtailment, and grid imbalances for a system with high penetrations of solar and wind energy. This methodology is extended to allow for flexible energy-water resources within the grid’s energy resource portfolio and to quantify the amounts of water withdrawn and consumed by thermal power plants, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The study considers two cases: (1.) a control case where the system lacks flexible energy-water resources and (2.) an experimental case where hydroelectric power plants, water and wastewater treatment systems serve as flexible energy-water resources for demand response and reserve acquisition. The simulation methodology is demonstrated on the Reliability Test System Grid Modernization Lab Consortium (RTS-GMLC) test case. The experimental case results indicate up to 24.93% and 15.12% improvements in load-following and ramping reserves respectively. Flexible operation also reduces water withdrawals by 5.47% and CO2 emissions by 1.14%. Finally, the experimental case results in lower day-ahead and real-time market production costs by 2.518 M$ and 2.892 M$ respectively.
Keywords: Energy-water nexus | Electricity market | Enterprise control | Smart power grid | Smart water grid | Energy management
مقاله انگلیسی
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