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Beyond blue: An extended framework of blue water footprint accounting
فراتر از آبی: یک چارچوب گسترده ای از حسابداری آبی آب آبی-2021 The water use of societies results in multiple environmental and social impacts and is a fundamental component
of sustainability. Correspondingly, water footprint studies have grown significantly in numbers over the last decade. However, these studies mostly account for the human appropriation of freshwater resources, while
overlooking various alternative water resources. This paper responds to the growing need for a complete
water footprint accounting and presents an extended framework of the blue water footprint, comprised of
seven water types. A case study shows spatially-explicit and use-specific analysis of Israels diverse water system.
Israels freshwater use accounts for only 40% of its total water use. Desalinated seawater and reused wastewater
contribute 52% and 45% to the countrys municipal and agricultural water use, respectively. The “original” blue
water footprint assumes only freshwater use; thus, it overestimates the appropriation of natural water resources
by humans. The extended blue water footprint accounts for seawater, brackish water, runoff, and reused wastewater along with surface water and fresh groundwater. It, therefore, estimates the human water use more
accurately.
Alternative water types use has some adverse environmental and health impacts. These include high energy intensity due to desalination, soil salinization from brackish water irrigation, and human exposure to traces of pharmaceutical in drinking water due to treated wastewater irrigation. By acknowledging the water mix of different sectors and regions, the extended blue water footprint contributes to advancing a water-energy nexus analysis or accounting for various environmental and health impacts of water use. keywords: دفع آب | مخلوط آب | تعاملات انسانی محیط زیست | Water-footprint | Water-mix | Human-environment-interactions |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Zero-net energy management for the monitoring and control of dynamically-partitioned smart water systems
مدیریت انرژی صفر خالص برای نظارت و کنترل سیستم های اب هوشمند تقسیم شده -2020 The optimal and sustainable management of water distribution systems still represent an arduous task.
In many instances, especially in aging water net-works, pressure management is imperative for reducing
breakages and leakages. Therefore, optimal District Metered Areas represent an effective solution to
decreasing the overall energy input without performance compromise. Within this context, this paper
proposes a novel adaptive management framework for water distribution systems by reconfiguring the
original network layout into (dynamic) district metered areas. It utilises a multiscale clustering algorithm
to schedule district aggregation/desegregation, whilst delivering energy and supply management goals.
The resulting framework was tested in a water utility network for the simultaneously production of
energy during the day (by means of the installation of micro-hydropower systems) and for the reduction
of water leakage during the night. From computational viewpoint, this was found to significantly reduce
the time and complexity during the clustering and the dividing phase. In addition, in this case, a
recovered energy potential of 19 MWh per year and leakage reduction of up to 16% was found. The
addition of pump-as-turbines was also found to reduce investment and maintenance costs, giving
improved reliability to the monitoring stations. The financial analyses to define the optimal period in
which to invest also showed the economic feasibility of the proposed solution, which assures, in the
analysed case study, a positive annual net income in just five years. This study demonstrates that the
combined optimisation, energy recovery and creation of optimized multiple-task district stations lead to
an efficient, resilient, sustainable, and low-cost management strategy for water distribution networks. Keywords: Water distribution systems | Micro-hydropower systems | Sustainable and smart cities | Water-energy nexus | Water leakage reduction | Financial return-on-investment |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Reducing energy costs of the wastewater treatment plant by improved scheduling of the periodic influent load
کاهش هزینه های انرژی تصفیه فاضلاب خانه با برنامه ریزی بهتر بار تأثیرگذار دوره ای-2020 The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a major actor of the water-energy nexus. This study proposes to
partially store in available WWTP tank infrastructure the wastewater received during the day-time and schedule
the purification of the stored wastewater at night-time. The intended operational approach aims to shift part of
the WWTP electrical energy consumption from day-time into the night-time period when the energy has lower
prices, also contributing to the balance of the electrical power generation system. This research presents the case
study of a Romanian WWTP with Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (A2O) process configuration. A proposed control
strategy was implemented and tested on the dynamic calibrated WWTP model, based on the Activated Sludge
Model No. 1 and the secondary settler Tak�acs model. Simulations of the proposed scheduling program for the
storing and processing time-periods of the influent wastewater, associated to the designed control strategies,
demonstrate the reduction of the operational costs and energy savings, while keeping the effluent quality within
the requested regulation limits and improving the plant sustainability. In the most favorable case and considering
the overall WWTP performance, the operational costs are reduced by 47% and the effluent quality is improved by
25%. To achieve this performance a part of the influent wastewater is stored from 2 p.m. in the available tanks
(day-period) while the beginning of the stored wastewater treatment is scheduled at 12 a.m. (night-period). Air
flow rate distribution in the nitrification zone and the two water recirculation flow rates are also found by
optimization. Keywords: Wastewater treatment | Influent storage scheduling | Control strategies | Electrical energy management | Sustainability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Multi-stage stochastic fuzzy random programming for food-water-energy nexus management under uncertainties
برنامه نویسی تصادفی فازی اشفته چند مرحله ای برای مدیریت ارتباط مواد غذایی-آب و انرژی تحت عدم قطعیت-2020 A hybrid inexact optimization model is developed for food-water-energy nexus system management with the
consideration of complex uncertainties and decision makers’ risk tolerance. A multi-stage stochastic fuzzy
random programming (MSFRP) model is tailored to tackle variables with deeper uncertainties, a mixture of fuzzy
and random fuzzy characteristics. Allowing to reflect decision makers’ subjective opinion and risk preference, it
can provide decision makers the tradeoff information between system benefit and risk attitude. The proposed
model was applied to an agricultural area Shandong Province, China with the aim of maximum total system
benefits. The valuable managerial insights on optimal cultivated land distribution, water resource allocation, and
energy supply strategies are provided for decision makers under uncertainties. Meanwhile, the pesticide and
fertilizer consumption for crop planting, and the carbon emission embodied in per unit crop supply are also
quantitatively estimated. Moreover, by setting different water resource availability scenarios, the impacts of
future water resource conditions on optimal management strategies under climate change are evaluated and
discussed. The results suggested that rice would be the critical crop with the largest planting area for food
security during the planning horizon. Under scarcer water resource conditions, the system benefits would reduce
due to more desalination water consumption and planting strategy adjustment. However, it would lead to less
carbon emission embodied in per unit crop supply and relieve local carbon emission control pressure. Compared
to the conventional multi-stage stochastic programming, the developed MSFRP can be more effective to reflect
the optimistic and pessimistic attitude of decision makers and deal with future scenario information with deeper
uncertainties. Keywords: Food-energy-water nexus | Uncertainty | Multi-stage programming | Random fuzzy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Integrated water, waste and energy management systems : A case study from Curauma, Chile
سیستم های مدیریت یکپارچه آب ، زباله و انرژی: یک مطالعه موردی از Curauma ، شیلی-2020 The demand for energy and water by urban populations will increase in the next few decades, mainly due to
migration of people. Enhanced living standards will also increase the demand for both resources. As both energy
supply and water are limited, efficient use is a sine qua non for any future development of cities. This study
elaborates the resource and environmental impacts of implementing an integrated water, waste and energy
management system, using the medium-sized but rapidly growing settlement of Curauma, Chile, as a case study.
The Integrated System is designed by separating wastewater at the source and mixing blackwater with organic
municipal solid waste to generate electricity and heat by fermentation. By recycling greywater the demand for
drinking water can be reduced. The analysed Integrated System could raise the share of renewables in the energy
mix up to by 19% (electricity) and 51% (heat), and save fresh water resources by 30%. The depletion potential of
the Integrated System regarding water, fossil and metal resources is notably lower (up to 52%) compared to the
Conventional System. The same is true with respect to Climate Change, Freshwater Ecotoxicity, Freshwater
Eutrophication and Human Toxicity: up to 45%. The impacts of the Integrated System related to Terrestrial
Acidification are up to 174% higher due to emissions in the anaerobic digestion process, and heat and power
generation with biogas. Keywords: Water-energy nexus | Urban wastewater system | Organic municipal solid waste | Anaerobic digestion | Environmental assessment |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
The impacts of tourism development on perceptions and practices of sustainable wastewater management on the Placencia Peninsula, Belize
اثرات توسعه گردشگری در برداشت و شیوه های مدیریت پایدار آب و فاضلاب در شبه جزیره Placencia Peninsula, Belize-2016 One of the consequences of rapid tourism expansion is abrupt pressure on local keystone resources such as water and energy. While novel wastewater technologies have been designed to close resource cycles and thereby diminish resource stress, little research has been undertaken to assess the coupled social, economic, and ecological components of system sustainability and resiliency in these areas. As a result, local decision makers often lack scientific information needed for making evidence-based and context- sensitive choices about new technologies. Involved stakeholders also lack resources to develop appro- priate interventions to address human-environmental changes and unintended consequences. This article employs a grounded approach to sociocultural data analysis to critically examine how human perceptions and practices related to water, wastewater, and energy management in a rapidly growing tourist destination on the coast of Belize enable and constrain decision making with regard to technology adoption. Ethnographic research on the Placencia Peninsula in Belize focused on discerning perceptions of acceptability for the recovery of resources such as energy and nutrients from wastewater, local per- ceptions of health risks and benefits of such recovery, as well as how economic and environmental advantages of these processes intersect with local demands. Research reveals that local understandings are grounded in cultural practices, historical events and processes, contemporary political and economic issues, and variable awareness of environmental change. This study also reveals that the greatest barriers to the adoption and sustainability of new technologies include sharing technical and economic infor- mation broadly and providing opportunities for legitimate multilevel stakeholder participation in decision-making processes.© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Tourism development | Sustainable wastewater management | Resource recovery | Water-energy nexus | Ethnographic research | Belize |
مقاله انگلیسی |