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نتیجه جستجو - Woman

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 15
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Midwives knowledge of pre-eclampsia management: A scoping review
دانش ماماها از مدیریت پیشکلامپسی: بررسی اسکاپ-2021
Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multi-organ disease affecting pregnant women from the second trimester onwards resulting in multiple adverse outcomes. Sub-optimal treatment of pre-eclampsia is linked with unfavorable outcomes. It is critical for midwives as primary providers to be competent in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia especially in low-and middle-income countries.
Aim: To identify what midwives’ around the world know about pre-eclampsia management. Methods: A scoping review using the JBI three-step search strategy was used to identify relevant research articles and grey literature on the subject. Database searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Databases, Web of Science, and Scopus yielded twenty papers in addition to nine guidelines from Google Scholar. The findings were synthesised using a metasynthesis approach and presented as themes.
Findings: Four themes were identified from the extracted data: Foundational knowledge of preeclampsia; Knowledge and management of a woman with pre-eclampsia according to guidelines; Knowledge of being prepared for emergency procedures and management of emergencies; Factors influencing knowledge. The first three themes addressed diagnosis and management whilst the last theme described how contextual factors led to either increased or decreased knowledge of preeclampsia.
Conclusion: Worldwide, practicing midwives lack knowledge on several aspects of pre-eclampsia diagnosis and care. Policies on in-service training should be oriented to include innovative nontraditional methods that have the potential to increase midwives’ knowledge.
keywords: ماماها | دانش | اطلاع | پیش از اکلامپسی | اختلالات فشار خون بالا بارداری | Midwives | Knowledge | Awareness | Pre-eclampsia | Hypertensive disorders pregnancy
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A socio-legal deconstruction of homicide victims and perpetrators: Israeli femicide case law
ساختارشکنی اجتماعی و قانونی قربانیان قتل و عاملان: قانون پرونده قتل در اسرائیل-2020
This interpretive paper explores the ways in which criminal law is applied to femicide victims and perpetrators and how it socially constructs and legitimizes genderbased violence in the form of femicide (the killing of a woman), when applying the doctrine of provocation. In doing so the paper discusses the socio-cultural underpinnings of the criminal legal mitigation available for defendants who claim to have killed their wives while being provoked. Conceptualizing the critical deconstruction within gendered socio-cultural predispositions and ensuing criminal legal doctrine and social norms, the paper demonstrates the ways in which Israeli social norms, attitudes and beliefs towards sexual jealousy, matrimony, loss of control, morality, gender and homicide – are entangled and intertwined in the structure and function of Israeli criminal law. The paper offers a critical analysis of the underlying discriminating gendered basic assumptions that structure current Israeli application of the doctrine of provocation and the way in which such a socio-legal structure constructs the Israeli ‘unfaithful’ woman, and her corresponding ‘reasonable’, and ‘normative’, so to speak, killer. Such men are considered less morally guilty when they kill ‘unfaithful’ women, consequently awarded lenient convictions and sentences. At the same time, Israeli women are blamed for morally instigating and provoking their own killing – thus precipitating their gruesome, premature and undue death. As the Israeli criminal legal structure is deeply rooted in English common law, its substantive criminal doctrine of provocation is widely shared by many countries. In this respect the papers exploration of Israeli criminal doctrine of provocation may provide a significant contribution to socio-legal discourse in many other countries with legal structures similarly steeped in English common law.
مقاله انگلیسی
3 A socio-legal deconstruction of homicide victims and perpetrators: Israeli femicide case law
ساختارشکنی حقوقی اجتماعی قربانیان و مرتکبان قتل: دادرسی اسرائیلی در زمینه قتل-2020
This interpretive paper explores the ways in which criminal law is applied to femicide victims and perpetrators and how it socially constructs and legitimizes genderbased violence in the form of femicide (the killing of a woman), when applying the doctrine of provocation. In doing so the paper discusses the socio-cultural underpinnings of the criminal legal mitigation available for defendants who claim to have killed their wives while being provoked. Conceptualizing the critical deconstruction within gendered socio-cultural predispositions and ensuing criminal legal doctrine and social norms, the paper demonstrates the ways in which Israeli social norms, attitudes and beliefs towards sexual jealousy, matrimony, loss of control, morality, gender and homicide – are entangled and intertwined in the structure and function of Israeli criminal law. The paper offers a critical analysis of the underlying discriminating gendered basic assumptions that structure current Israeli application of the doctrine of provocation and the way in which such a socio-legal structure constructs the Israeli ‘unfaithful’ woman, and her corresponding ‘reasonable’, and ‘normative’, so to speak, killer. Such men are considered less morally guilty when they kill ‘unfaithful’ women, consequently awarded lenient convictions and sentences. At the same time, Israeli women are blamed for morally instigating and provoking their own killing – thus precipitating their gruesome, premature and undue death. As the Israeli criminal legal structure is deeply rooted in English common law, its substantive criminal doctrine of provocation is widely shared by many countries. In this respect the papers exploration of Israeli criminal doctrine of provocation may provide a significant contribution to socio-legal discourse in many other countries with legal structures similarly steeped in English common law.
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Show me a man or a woman alone and Ill show you a saint: Changes in the frequency of criminal incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic
یک مرد یا زن را به تنهایی به من نشان دهید و من یک قدیس را به شما نشان خواهم داد: تغییر در فراوانی حوادث جنایی در طول بیماری همه گیر COVID-19-2020
Objectives: To investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency of various crime types (property, violent, and mischief) in Vancouver, Canada. Methods: Crime data representing residential burglary, commercial burglary, theft of vehicle, theft from vehicle, theft, violence, and mischief are analysed at the city level using interrupted time series techniques. Results: While COVID-19 has not had an impact on all crime types, statistically significant change has been identified in a number of cases. Depending on the crime type, the magnitude and direction of the change in frequency varies. It is argued that (mandated) social restrictions, shifted activity patterns and opportunity structures which are responsible for these findings. Conclusions: We find support for changes in the frequency of particular crime types during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for criminal justice and social service practitioners when operating within an extraordinary event.
Keywords: Pandemic | Extraordinary event | Crime | COVID-19 | Canada
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Childhood trauma, psychiatric disorders, and criminality in women: Associations with serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
اسیب در دوران کودکی ، اختلالات روانپزشکی و جنایت در زنان: ارتباط با سطح سرمی فاکتور نوروتروفیک مشتق از مغز-2020
Psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma are highly prevalent in female inmates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a number of roles in neuronal survival, structure, and function. Data in the literature suggest that it is a neurobiological substrate that moderates the impact of childhood adversities on the late expression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether five childhood trauma subtypes—physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect—are associated with adult psychiatric disorders, BDNF levels, and criminality among incarcerated women. This was a cross-sectional study involving a consecutive sample of 110 women, divided into three groups of women (forensic - mentally ill who committed crimes, clinical psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus were applied in the whole sample, and BDNF levels were measured in a sub-sample of 54 women. The rates of mental illness and childhood trauma were high in the forensic group. Emotional abuse was higher in the clinical and forensic groups than in the healthy control group. Lower BDNF levels were associated with emotional abuse in the forensic group as well as with sexual abuse in the healthy control group. After multinomial logistic regression, lower levels of BDNF, higher levels of emotional abuse and the presence of familial offense were considered factors related to clinical psychiatric group. The results of this study underscore the idea that BDNF may be an important factor related to the development of diseases and criminality in women who are victims of childhood trauma, becoming a possible biological marker.
Keywords: BDNF | Biological markers | Child abuse | Abused woman | Crime
مقاله انگلیسی
6 “Obviously there is a conflict between confidentiality and what you are required to do by law”: Chilean university faculty and student perspectives on reporting unlawful abortions
"بدیهی است که بین محرمانه بودن و آنچه که شما باید توسط قانون انجام دهید تضاد وجود دارد": دانشکده دانشگاه شیلی و دیدگاه دانشجویان در مورد گزارش سقط جنین غیرقانونی-2020
Background and objectives: While Chile recently decriminalized abortion in cases of rape, lethal fetal anomaly, and to save a womans life, most abortions are still criminalized. We assessed medical and midwifery school faculty and students views on punishing and reporting people involved in unlawful abortion, and their understanding of their obligation to protect patient confidentiality and to report unlawful abortions. Methods: We interviewed 30 medical and midwifery school clinician faculty from seven public, private, secular and Catholic-affiliated universities, all located in the metropolitan region of Santiago, Chile. Medical (n = 239) and midwifery (n = 79) students at these same seven universities completed an online survey. We coded faculty interview transcripts, and analyzed codes related to maintaining patient confidentiality and reporting unlawful abortion. We summarized student views related to reporting and imprisoning people involved in unlawful abortion, and used general estimating equation (GEE) models to identify the factors associated with support for criminalization. Results: Faculty and students generally did not support reporting or imprisoning anyone involved in an unlawful abortion and believed that protecting patient information takes precedence over reporting. Yet, faculty described pressures to report in the public sector and several cases where they or their colleagues were involved in reports. Most students somewhat/strongly agreed (78%) that patient information concerning an unlawful abortion should be kept confidential; 35% strongly/somewhat agreed that a clinician involved in an unlawful surgical abortion should be imprisoned, and 18% agreed that the woman involved should be imprisoned, with students from secular universities being significantly less likely to support reporting and punishing people involved in unlawful abortion, than students from Catholic universities. Discussion: There is a need to clarify clinicians ethical obligations in abortion care, in particular in Catholic universities, so that they can ensure that their patients have access to high quality confidential health care services.
Keywords: Abortion | Confidentiality | Healthcare systems | Higher education | Religion | Neoliberalism | Chile | Latin America
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The Irish Journey: Removing the shackles of abortion restrictions in Ireland
سفر ایرلند: برداشتن موارد محدودیت سقط جنین در ایرلند-2019
In May 2018, the Irish electorate voted to remove from the Constitution one of the most restrictive abortion bans in the world. This referendum followed 35 years of legal cases, human rights advocacy, feminist activism and governmental and parliamentary processes. The reframing of abortion as an issue of womens health rather than foetal rights was crucial to the success of law reform efforts. The new law, enacted in 2018, provides for access to abortion on a womans request up to 12 weeks of pregnancy and in situations of risk to the life or of serious harm to the health of the pregnant woman and fatal foetal anomaly thereafter. Abortion is now broadly accessible in Ireland; however, continued advocacy is needed to ensure that the state meets international human rights standards and that access to abortion care and abortion rights is fully secured into the law.
Keywords: Abortion | Ireland | Human rights | Advocacy | Legalisation
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Business as family, family as business: Female entrepreneurship in Kampala, Uganda
تجارت به عنوان خانواده ، خانواده به عنوان تجارت: کارآفرینی زنان در کامپالا ، اوگاندا-2019
Female entrepreneurship has become a key policy focus of governments and development agencies in the global South, reifying the figure of the independent businesswoman. This article advances debates on the relationship between entrepreneurship and family through a longitudinal study of the experiences of female entrepreneurs in Kampala, Uganda. Drawing on a four-year panel of life history interviews, we demonstrate the value of an ‘entrepreneurial life course’ perspective for understanding the ways in which social and familial relations facilitate female entrepreneurship at certain junctures and restrict it at others. This perspective contributes to the literature on social embeddedness by foregrounding the temporal dimension of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, it illustrates the volatilities that characterise entrepreneurial life in urban African settings, challenging linear understandings of the entrepreneurial cycle that are based on the historical experiences of entrepreneurs in the global North.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Family | Gender | Kampala | Life course | Marriage | Social embeddedness | Uganda
مقاله انگلیسی
9 The use of surgery in the treatment of ER+ early stage breast cancer in England: variation by time, age and patient characteristics
استفاده از عمل جراحی در درمان ER + سرطان پستان در مراحل اولیه در انگلستان: تنوع توسط زمان، سن و ویژگی های بیمار-2016
AIM: To assess whether the proportion of patients aged 70 and over with ER+ operable breast cancer in England who are treated with surgery has changed since 2002, and to determine whether age and individual level factors including tumour characteristics and co-morbidity influence treatment choice.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected cancer registration data from two English regions (West Midlands, Northern & Yorkshire) was carried out (n = 17,129). Trends in surgical use over time for different age groups were assessed graphically and with linear regression. Uni- and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess the effects of age, comorbidity, deprivation and disease characteristics on treatment choice. Missing data was handled using multiple imputation.
RESULTS: There is no evidence of a change in the proportion of patients treated surgically over time. The multivariable model shows that age remains an important predictor of whether or not a woman with ER+ operable breast cancer receives surgery after covariate adjustment (Odds ratio of surgery vs no surgery, 0.82 (per year over 70)). Co-morbidity, deprivation, symptomatic presentation, later stage at diagnosis and low grade are also associated with increased probability of non-surgical treatment.
CONCLUSION: Contrary to current NICE guidance in England, age appears to be an important factor in the decision to treat operable ER+ breast cancer non-surgically. Further research is needed to assess the role of other age-related factors on treatment choice, and the effect that current practice has on survival and mortality from breast cancer for older women.
Keywords: Breast cancer | elderly | surgery | comorbidity | retrospective study
مقاله انگلیسی
10 توانایی ها و مهارت ها به عنوان عوامل توضیح تفاوت ها در کارآفرینی زنان
سال انتشار: 2016 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21
این پژوهش بخشی از پروژه زنان در زمینه کارآفرینی بر مبنای شایستگی است و با هدف بررسی نقش مهارت ها و توانایی ها در توضیح کارآفرینی زنان انجام شده است. در این راستا ، این کار پژوهشی بر این مبنا استوار است که زنان کارآفرین شایستگی های خاصی دارند و با مجموعه ای از مهارت ها و توانایی ها شناخته می شوند که تعیین کننده نوع کارآفرینی زنان است. (مثلا نوع شناسی، بخش، اندازه، نوآوری، خلاقیت). از لحاظ روش شناختی ، این پژوهش یک رویکرد کیفی را در پیش گرفته است که بوسیله مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته از مردان و زنان از بخش های تجاری و اقتصادی اجتماعی مختلف پشتیبانی شده است. به دلیل تجزیه و تحلیل تفسیری و محض ، می توان نتیجه گرفت که تاجران زن و مرد با آموزش مهارت ها و توانایی ها به زنان کارآفرین موافق هستند اگرچه تفاوت های قابل توجهی بین ادراکات زنان و مردان وجود دارد.
کلمات کلیدی: کارآفرینی | زنان | مهارت ها | توانایی ها | شایستگی ها
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