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To what extent do young innovative companies take advantage of policy support to enact innovation appropriation mechanisms?
شرکت های نوآور جوان تا چه اندازه از مزایای سیاست برای استفاده از سازوکارهای اختصاصی نوآوری بهره می گیرند؟-2020 Innovative entrepreneurship is at the heart of economic development in all modern economic systems. However, we observe in several developed countries - especially Europe - a languishing in the capacity to foster creative destruction (i.e. Schumpeter Mark 1, SM1) dynamics and to create young innovative companies (YICs), capable to establish themselves as leaders in markets or become successful innovators. One key issue that is often ad- vocated in this respect is the deficit suffered from YICs in fully protecting their innovations and appropriating (at least in part) returns from them. The usage of formal (e.g., intellectual property rights) and informal (e.g., secrecy, lead time, access to complementary assets) instruments to protect intellectual property assets has the potential to overcome this difficulty. Different types of policy mechanisms have been put in place to help YICs. However, high implicit and explicit costs and barriers prevent YICs’ use of protection strategies, limiting the ability to generate SM1 dynamics or accessing market for ideas, even upon policy support. By relying on the resource-based view of the firm, our paper investigates to what extent a comprehensive set of policy measures recently introduced in the Italian context and focused on alleviating the hurdles suffered by YICs is associated with the choice of YICs to protect their innovations. The econometric analyses based on more than 1,600 Italian YICs show how the use of financial policy measures are associated to both formal and informal instruments, while labour policy measures are only related to formal ones. Keywords: Entrepreneurship policy | Institutional reform | Young innovative companies | Intellectual property rights | Appropriation mechanisms |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Entrepreneurship policy and the financing of young innovative companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act
سیاست کارآفرینی و تأمین اعتبار شرکتهای نوآورانه جوان: شواهدی از قانون راه اندازی ایتالیا-2019 While there is a general consensus that young innovative companies (YICs) need special attention by public
policy which should aim at alleviating the financial constraints these firms commonly suffer, much less
agreement has been reached on the most effective policy instruments reputed to accomplish the task. In this
respect, if the scientific debate has very much revolved around the dilemma about the crowding-in or
crowding-out effect of public R&D subsidies to firms, there is a dearth of scientific studies which analyse the
effectiveness and potential interrelations of different policy instruments which at the same time and in the
same institutional context are offered to YICs. By taking advantage of the Italian Startup Act issued in 2012, we
analyse, for the first time, the possible existence of interrelationships between firm access to a Governmentguaranteed
(GG) bank loan programme and fiscal incentives for venture capital (VC) equity investments.
Results suggest two important facts. First, the two mechanisms appear to be functional to different typologies
of YICs. Second, VC investments significantly reduce the probability to access GG bank loans. Overall, our
analysis highlights a sort of “institutional division of labour” between the two measures and depicts what we
label as a Task segmentation effect. Keywords: Young innovative companies | Venture capital | Government-guaranteed bank loan | Entrepreneurship policy | Policy measures coordination |
مقاله انگلیسی |