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Adoption and economic analysis of using biological control in Philippine highland farms: Case of Trichoderma koningii strain KA
اتخاذ و تجزیه و تحلیل اقتصادی استفاده از کنترل بیولوژیکی در مزارع مرتفع فیلیپین: مورد Trichoderma koningii strain KA-2020 This study summarized evidence of adoption and outcomes of using Trichoderma
koningii in highland agriculture in the Philippines, and estimated economic rate of returns to
T. koningii R&D. Adoption rates were estimated from sales data of T. koningii pure culture,
and net incremental changes based on reviewed field experiments in the Cordillera region,
Philippines and partial budget analysis based on farmer interviews. Findings showed that T.
koningii are being used mostly by organic and good agricultural practice producers as
biofungicide for disease management, and as soil nutrient and compost enhancer. T. koningii
pure culture annual geometric growth rate of sales was at 29.7% and overall adoption rate in
Benguet in 2018 was roughly estimated at 0.03%. Identified constraints to adoption are: high
price; misconception that Trichoderma is for organic farmers only; slow effect of the
technology; limited information; and limited market outlets and marketing strategies. The
estimated change in yield due to use of T. koningii ranged from 10% to 50% based on farmer
interviews, and 4% to 92% based on field and pot experiments in various crops and uses from
literature. The net present value (NPV) assuming a 10% real social discount rate is PhP4.3 M
(USD0.08M), and the rate of returns for the Philippine government investing resources in T.
koningii development and promotion was estimated at 49.1% considering a 10-year period.
Assuming the lowest estimate of net benefit at PhP28670 ha-1 (547 USD ha-1) and 20 years
project duration, the NPV is Php3.7 M (USD 0.07M). The study contributes policy support to
sustained promotion of T. koningii and continued government funding for effective biological
control and biofertilizer R&D. Keywords: Trichoderma koningii | adoption of biological control | economics of biological control |
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