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نتیجه جستجو - ancestry

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 10
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Development and validation of the VISAGE AmpliSeq basic tool to predict appearance and ancestry from DNA
توسعه و اعتبارسنجی ابزار اصلی VISAGE AmpliSeq برای پیش بینی ظاهر و نسب از DNA-2020
Forensic DNA phenotyping is gaining interest as the number of applications increases within the forensic genetics community. The possibility of providing investigative leads in addition to conventional DNA profiling for human identification provides new insights into otherwise “cold” police investigations. The ability of reporting on the bio-geographical ancestry (BGA), appearance characteristics and age based on DNA obtained from a crime scene sample of an unknown donor makes the exploration of such markers and the development of new methods meaningful for criminal investigations. The VISible Attributes through GEnomics (VISAGE) Consortium aims to disseminate and broaden the use of predictive markers and develop fully optimized and validated prototypes for forensic casework implementation. Here, the first VISAGE appearance and ancestry tool development, performance and validation is reported. A total of 153 SNPs (96.84 % assay conversion rate) were successfully incorporated into a single multiplex reaction using the AmpliSeq™ design pipeline, and applied for massively parallel sequencing with the Ion S5 platform. A collaborative effort involving six VISAGE laboratory partners was devised to perform all validation tests. An extensive validation plan was carefully organized to explore the assay’s overall performance with optimum and low-input samples, as well as with challenging and casework mock samples. In addition, forensic validation studies such as concordance and mixture tests recurring to the Coriell sample set with known genotypes were performed. Finally, inhibitor tolerance and specificity were also evaluated. Results showed a robust, highly sensitive assay with good overall concordance between laboratories.
Keywords: Forensic DNA phenotyping | Appearance and bio-geographical ancestry | prediction | MPS Ion S5 | AmpliSeq | SNP multiplex
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The impact of investigative genetic genealogy: perceptions of UK professional and public stakeholders
تأثیر شجره نامه تحقیقاتی ژنتیکی: درک ذینفعان حرفه ای و عمومی انگلستان-2020
Law enforcement authorities in the United States have been increasingly employing genealogists to search genetic genealogy databases with unknown origin DNA from unidentified human remains, or from a serious crime scene, to identify the victim or a potential suspected perpetrator. There are benefits to this form of searching in terms of public safety and bringing justice to victims of crime, and such searches are legally permissible. However, ethical questions arise regarding whether database users have a reasonable expectation that their DNA information will be searched by law enforcement in this way, and so, in turn, questions about consent and privacy have emerged. While initial surveys suggest generally positive support for using genetic genealogy methods, less work has explored the underlying reasons behind this support. We were interested in exploring the perceptions of key stakeholders in the UK with relation to this, specifically for the purposes of solving serious crimes. Through a series of 45 predominantly UK public and stakeholder interviews, we show a general support for the technology, though interviewees were also able to articulate a range of social and ethical concerns. Support was associated with the extent interviewees perceived the technology as impacting the current use of genetic genealogy databases in terms of individual genealogy database users, the genealogy community, and/or genetic genealogy and law enforcement practices. We present our findings and discuss their implications.
Keywords: Investigative genetic genealogy | forensic genetic genealogy | genetic genealogy | forensics | DNA testing | ancestry | genetic testing | ethics
مقاله انگلیسی
3 HLA concordance between hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and umbilical cord blood units: Implications for cord blood banking in admixed populations
تطابق HLA بین بیماران پیوند سلولهای بنیادی خونساز و واحد خون بند ناف: پیامدهای بانکی خون بند ناف در جمعیت آمیخته-2019
Umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation is an important choice for treating a variety of hematopoietic, neoplastic, and genetic disorders. The optimal size for a cord blood bank to provide matching units for 80% of patients requiring a stem cell transplantation procedure depends on the particular characteristics of each population. In this study, we analyzed the immunogenetic diversity of a sample set of Mexican patients suffering from blood, hematopoietic, and immunological diseases, to assess the best strategy for cord blood banking. For achieving that, we analyzed HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 genotype and allele frequencies of both units from the bioarchive of the Umbilical Cord Blood Bank from La Raza and patients requiring a stem cell transplant and compared these variables with data from the same geographic and genetic context. We were able to detect significant differences for at least half of the alleles were observed for HLA class I and class II genes between units and patients. Five Native American haplotypes had lower frequencies in patients sample than in the cord blood units. Genetic admixture estimations for both groups showed a higher contribution of Native American component in the cord blood units. Differences in ancestral components in the Umbilical Cord Blood Bank from La Raza and six virtual banks modeled from a pool of Mexican mixed ancestry individuals show that genetic background is important in cord blood collection. In conclusion, increasing diversity over quantity of new cord blood units will improve the cost effectiveness of cord blood banking and health policies regarding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in admixed populations such as those present in Latin American countries.
Keywords: HLA | Umbilical cord blood banking | Linkage disequilibrium | Ancestral genetic components | Population immunogenetics | Mexico
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Brain banking in low and middle-income countries: Raison Dêtre for the Ibadan Brain Ageing, Dementia And Neurodegeneration (IBADAN) Brain Bank Project
بانکداری مغز در کشورهایی با درآمد کم و متوسط: Raison Dêtre برای پیری مغز Ibadan ، زوال عقل و (Ibadan ) مغز پروژه بانک نورونها-2019
Brain banks are biorepositories of central nervous system (CNS) tissue including fixed and frozen whole brains, brain biopsies and spinal cord, as well as body fluids comprising the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood stored for research purposes. Though several independent brain banks exist in high income countries, only five low- and middle - income countries (LMIC) have brain banks. The African continent is yet to establish a formalized brain bank despite its huge human genomic diversity, ageing of her populations with concomitant increases in ageing – associated brain disorders and differential phenotypic expression and outcomes of brain disorders. Cellular and molecular clinicopathological studies are vital to shaping our understanding of the interaction between racial (genetic) and geographical (environmental) factors in the natural history and mechanisms of disease, and unravelling frameworks of diagnostic biomarkers, and new therapeutic and preventative interventions. The Ibadan Brain Ageing, Dementia And Neurodegeneration (IBADAN) Brain Bank, the first organized brain tissue biorepository in sub - Saharan Africa, is set up to accrue, process and store unique brain tissues for future research into a broad spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The potential unique discoveries and research breakthroughs will benefit people of African ancestry and other ancestral populations.
Keywords: Brain Banking | Nigeria | Africa | LMIC
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Analysis of the South Australian Aboriginal population using the Global AIMs Nano ancestry test
تجزیه و تحلیل جمعیت بومی استرالیا جنوبی با استفاده از آزمون اجدادی جهانی AIMs Nano-2019
We investigate the ability of the 31 SNP loci in the Global AIMs Nano set to distinguish self-declared Australian Aboriginal individuals from European, Oceanic, African, Native American and East Asian populations. Human evolution suggests that Australian Aboriginal individuals came to Australia approximately 50 000 years ago, during the time it made up part of Sahul. Since then the colonisation of Australia by Europeans has meant significant admixture within the Australian Aboriginal population. These two events present themselves in our study with the Aboriginal population creating a continuous genetic cline between the Oceanic and European groups. We also assigned the Aboriginal individuals into their traditional regional groups to determine whether there was any ability to distinguish these from each other. We found similar results to studies using other markers, namely that the more remote regions (that have been less affected by admixture) diverged from the rest. Overall, we found the ability of the GNano system to differentiate self-declared Australian Aboriginal individuals was reasonable but had limitations that need to be recognised if these assignments are applied to unknown individuals.
Keywords:Global AIMs Nano | Australian Aboriginal | SNP profile | Ancestry informative markers
مقاله انگلیسی
6 چه چیزی گردشگران اجدادی را به "میهن" می کشاند؟ تحلیلی روی انگیزه های گردشگری اجدادی
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 7 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 22
دودمان و تبار در منابع علمی گردشگری، توجه محدودی را به خود جلب کرده است اما نشان داده شده است که نقشی مهم در گردشگری میراثی به ویژه برای کشورهایی با پراکندگی گسترده یهودیان مثل ایرلند، ایتالیا، هند، چین و اسکاتلند ایفا می کند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی انگیزه های گردشگران اجدادی و به دست آوردن یک درک مبسوط از این بازار می باشد. یک ارزیابی روی 282 گردشگر اجدادی اجازه شناسایی سه عامل کلیدی را داد: انگیزه گردشگر اجدادی؛ انگیزه های گردشگر میراثی؛ و انگیزه گردشگر توده ای. این موضوعات، تحلیل جزئیات خوشه ها و شناسایی 4 بخش اجدادی را امکانپذیر کرد: فرو رفتن در میراث کامل؛ مشتاق اجداد؛ علاقه عمومی؛ و میراث متمرکز. باتوجه به فقدان سرمایه گذاری و منابعی که در حال حاضر دردسترس تامین کننده های گردشگری اجدادی باشد، شناسایی این عوامل، راه درازی است تا حوزه های سازنده تمرکز برای کارهای تبلیغی منابع را پررنگ کند.
کلیدواژه ها: گردشگری اجدادی | انگیزه ها | تحلیل خوشه ای | تحلیل عاملی توضیحی
مقاله ترجمه شده
7 What pulls ancestral tourists ‘home’? An analysis of ancestral tourist motivations
چه چیزی گردشگران اجدادی را به خانه می کشاند؟ یک تحلیل روی انگیزه های گردشگران اجدادی-2018
Ancestry has received limited attention within the tourism literature but is shown to play a crucial role in heritage tourism, especially for countries with extended diasporas such as Ireland, Italy India, China, and Scotland. The purpose of this study is to explore ancestral tourist motivations, and attain a broader understanding of this market. A survey of 282 ancestral tourists allowed the identification of three key factors: ancestral tourist motivation; heritage tourist motivations; and mass tourist motivation. These themes enabled a detailed analysis of clusters, identifying four ancestral segments: full heritage immersion; the ancestral enthusiast; general interest; and heritage focused. Given the lack of funding and resources currently available to ancestral tourism providers, the identification of these factors goes some way to highlighting productive areas of focus for promotional efforts and resources.
keywords: Ancestral tourism |Motivations |Cluster analysis |Exploratory factor analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
8 X-ray micro computed-tomography
توموگرافی-محاسبه شده اشعه ایکس میکرو-2017
from a generalized fl oral ancestry. However, Mediterranean orchids are chemically preadapted to exploit bee pheromones, due to the waxy hydrocarbons that cover their tissues and prevent desiccation. Recent studies on Ophrys orchids have identifi ed desaturase enzymes that add double bonds of the appropriate position and orientation to effectively mimic female bee pheromones. Sexually deceptive Serapias orchids and irises have evolved in parallel, with increased ratios of these alkenes, from an ancestral condition of male bee pollination through shelter pollination, whereas a reduction of alkenes accompanies reversion from sexual deception to shelter mimicry in Ophrys helenae [3].
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Kin and kinship psychology both influence cooperative coordination in Yasawa, Fiji
کین و روانشناسی خویشاوندی تأثیر هر دو بر هماهنگی همکاری در Yasawa فیجی -2017
Genes shared through common ancestry are among the oldest social bonds. Despite these ancient roots, humans often co-opt the psychology of genetic relatedness and extend it to genetically unrelated others through culturally-acquired kinship systems. We investigate how genealogical relatedness and kinship norms might mu tually support or oppose each other within a known kin network in Yasawa, Fiji. Yasawans reliance on intensive, kin-based cooperation for daily life makes Yasawan kinship an interesting test case to compare the effects of ge nealogy and kinship norms. Confirming qualitative ethnographic claims, we find that Yasawan kin terms can be described in two dimensions of respect/closeness and joking/authority. Individual players use different strategies for genealogical relatives and non-relatives by making economic game choices that are increasingly beneficial to partners who share a higher percentage of genes through common ancestry. However, pairs of players are most successful in coordinating their game choices despite conflicting self-interests based upon kinship norms rele vant to hierarchy. Thus, while genealogical relatedness may boost generosity, the extra behavioral structuring from kinship norms facilitates more productive but difficult coordinated action even when communication is not possible.
Keywords: Cooperation | Kinship | Norm psychology | Coordination | Economic games | Field experiments | Fiji
مقاله انگلیسی
10 آگاهی از مشاوره ژنتیکی و درک اهداف آن: یک نظرسنجی از جامعه ی کانادا
سال انتشار: 2013 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 18 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21
مشاوره ژنتیکی می تواند منجر به نتایج بهتری شود هنگامی که مشتریان آنچه انتظار می رود را درک کنند و حداقل از لحاظ نظری، در برخی موارد در طول عمر خود، هر کسی می تواند به مشاوره ژنتیک رجوع کرده و یا ازان بهره مند شود. بنابراین، به منظور شناسایی (و در نهایت معرفی) مسائل مربوط به آگاهی از مشاوره ژنتیک و درک هدف آن، ما جامعه کلی کانادا را بررسی کردیم. ما 1000 شماره تلفن مربوط به یک نمونه نماینده جمعیت شناختی کانادا از Survey Sampling International به دست آوردیم و از افراد برای شرکت در نظرسنجی تلفنی دعوت کردیم. ما یک بررسی هدفمند طراحی شده (به فرانسه یا انگلیسی) که حاوی سوالات مربوط به: جمعیت شناسی است، آیا فرد درباره مشاوره ژنتیکی شنیده یا نه، و 15 مورد مقیاس لیکرت (به شدت مخالف - کاملا موافق) درباره اهداف احتمالی مشاوره ژنتیکی انجام دادیم. از پاسخ به این 15 آیتم برای تولید کل نمره علمی استفاده شد. از 1000 نفر به 372 دسترسی پیدا نکردند و این نظرسنجی از 188 نفر انجام شد (میزان پاسخ 30٪). اکثر پاسخ دهندگان (129نفر، 69٪) در مورد مشاوره ژنتیکی چیزی نشنیده بودند و نسبت قابل توجهی از افراد فکر می کردند که مشاوره ژنتیکی برای جلوگیری از بیماری های ژنتیکی و ناهنجاری ها، کمک به زوج های دارای فرزندان با ویژگی های مطلوب و کمک به افراد برای کشف دودمانشان است. این داده ها به منظور آگاهی از راهبردی برای توسعه آگاهی های آینده، و به عنوان پایه ای از آن برای سنجش اثراتش می تواند مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
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