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41 |
Blockchain energy: Blockchain in future energy systems
انرژی بلاکچین : بلاکچین در سیستم های انرژی آتی-2020 The ongoing, in-depth transformation of the electricity sector towards increased use of alternative,
renewable energy sources extends beyond a simple decentralisation drive in the electricity market.
The transformation process is characterised by the interplay of old and new technologies from the
energy sector as well as structural coupling with other sectors, such as the information and
communications technology (ICT), enabling the technology transfer as well as market entry by
information technology (IT) actors. Blockchain-based technologies have the potential to play a key
role in this transition by offering decentralised interfaces and systems as well as an alternative
approach to the current organisation form of the energy market. This paper discusses the applicability
and prospects for blockchain-based technologies in the energy sector, which are described
using the term “blockchain energy”. For the purposes of this study, blockchain energy encompasses
all socio-technical and organisational configurations in the energy sector based on the
utilisation of the blockchain principle for energy trading, information storage, and/or increased
transparency of energy flows and energy services. In the following chapters, the authors present
and discuss the current transformation in the electricity market, followed by a review of the
different utilisation possibilities for blockchain technologies in the energy sector and a discussion
of the barriers and potential for blockchain energy using a transition studies perspective. Finally,
the opportunities and risks of blockchain energy are discussed. Keywords: Blockchain energy management | Crowd energy | Transition research |
مقاله انگلیسی |
42 |
Blockchain, business and the fourth industrial revolution: Whence, whither, wherefore and how?
بلاکچین ، تجارت و چهارمین انقلاب صنعتی: از کجا ، به کجا ، چرا و چگونه؟-2020 Blockchain is one the most remarkable technological innovations of the 21st century. The most notable application of blockchain is in the development and operation of cryptocurrencies (e.g. bitcoin, ethereum, among others). Besides the financial services industry, blockchain is also considered in other sectors such as interna- tional trade, taxation, supply chain management, business operations and governance. However, blockchain has not been examined comprehensively in all areas of relevant literature. This article conducts a survey of the literature to gain an understanding of the opportunities and issues presented by blockchain in various business functions. The article begins by providing a discussion regarding how the blockchain technology operates. The paper takes a broad focus in its analysis of the prospects of blockchain for various business functions, including banking and the capital markets, corporate governance, international trade, and taxation. The paper demonstrates how organisations and regulators can leverage blockchain to upscale business operations, enhance efficiency and reduce operational costs. The key drawbacks of blockchain that stakeholders need to bear in mind before adopting the technology are also highlighted. The article also reflects on how organisations can tap into blockchain to reap the full potential of the fourth industrial revolution. Keywords: Blockchain | Business functions | Fourth industrial revolution | Technological innovations | Fintech |
مقاله انگلیسی |
43 |
Explainable AI and Mass Surveillance System-Based Healthcare Framework to Combat COVID-19 Like Pandemics
چارچوب بهداشتی مبتنی بر سیستم نظارت گسترده و هوش مصنوعی برای مبارزه با COVID-19 مانند موارد همه گیر-2020 Tactile edge technology that focuses on 5G
or beyond 5G reveals an exciting approach to
control infectious diseases such as COVID-19
internationally. The control of epidemics such as
COVID-19 can be managed effectively by exploiting
edge computation through the 5G wireless
connectivity network. The implementation of a
hierarchical edge computing system provides
many advantages, such as low latency, scalability,
and the protection of application and training
model data, enabling COVID-19 to be evaluated
by a dependable local edge server. In addition,
many deep learning (DL) algorithms suffer from
two crucial disadvantages: first, training requires
a large COVID-19 dataset consisting of various
aspects, which will pose challenges for local councils;
second, to acknowledge the outcome, the
findings of deep learning require ethical acceptance
and clarification by the health care sector,
as well as other contributors. In this article, we
propose a B5G framework that utilizes the 5G
network’s low-latency, high-bandwidth functionality
to detect COVID-19 using chest X-ray or CT
scan images, and to develop a mass surveillance
system to monitor social distancing, mask wearing,
and body temperature. Three DL models,
ResNet50, Deep tree, and Inception v3, are investigated
in the proposed framework. Furthermore,
blockchain technology is also used to ensure the
security of healthcare data. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
44 |
Blockchain for Internet of Energy management: Review, solutions, and challenges
بلاکچین برای مدیریت انرژی اینترنت: بررسی ، راه حل ها و چالش ها-2020 After smart grid, Internet of Energy (IoE) has emerged as a popular technology in the energy sector
by integrating different forms of energy. IoE uses Internet to collect, organize, optimize and manage the
networks energy information from different edge devices in order to develop a distributed smart energy
infrastructure. Sensors and communication technologies are used to collect data and to predict demand
and supply by consumers and suppliers respectively. However, with the development of renewable energy
resources, Electric Vehicles (EVs), smart grid and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, the existing energy sector
started shifting towards distributed and decentralized solutions. Moreover, the security and privacy issues
because of centralization is another major concern for IoE technology. In this context, Blockchain technology
with the features of automation, immutability, public ledger facility, irreversibility, decentralization, consensus
and security has been adopted in the literature for solving the prevailing problems of centralized IoE
architecture. By leveraging smart contracts, blockchain technology enables automated data exchange, complex
energy transactions, demand response management and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading etc. Blockchain will
play vital role in the evolution of the IoE market as distributed renewable resources and smart grid network are
being deployed and used. We discuss the potential and applications of blockchain in the IoE field. This article
is build on the literature research and it provides insight to the end-user regarding the future IoE scenario
in the context of blockchain technology. Lastly this article discusses the different consensus algorithm for IoE
technology. Keywords: Consensus algorithm | Blockchain | Internet of Energy | Smart grid | Vehicle-to-grid |
مقاله انگلیسی |
45 |
System architecture for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability
معماری سیستم برای شفافیت مبتنی بر بلاکچین پایداری اجتماعی زنجیره تأمین-2020 Social sustainability is a major concern in global supply chains for protecting workers from exploitation and for
providing a safe working environment. Although there are stipulated standards to govern supply chain social
sustainability, it is not uncommon to hear of businesses being reported for noncompliance issues. Even reputable
firms such as Unilever have been criticized for production labor exploitation. Consumers now increasingly expect
sellers to disclose information on social sustainability, but sellers are confronted with the challenge of
traceability in their multi-tier global supply chains. Blockchain offers a promising future to achieve instant
traceability in supply chain social sustainability. This study develops a system architecture that integrates the use
of blockchain, internet-of-things (IoT) and big data analytics to allow sellers to monitor their supply chain social
sustainability efficiently and effectively. System implementation cost and potential challenges are analyzed
before the research is concluded. Keywords: Blockchain | Social sustainability | Multi-tier supply chain | Supply chain sustainability | Traceability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
46 |
Runtime verification for business processes utilizing the Bitcoin blockchain
تأیید زمان اجرا برای فرآیندهای تجاری با استفاده از بلاکچین بیت کوین-2020 The usage of process choreographies and decentralized Business Process Management Systems has been named as an alternative to centralized business process orchestration. In choreographies, control over a process instance is shared between independent parties, and no party has full control or knowledge during process runtime. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor and verify process instances during runtime for purposes of documentation, accounting, or compensation.To achieve business process runtime verification, this work explores the suitability of the Bitcoin blockchain to create a novel solution for choreographies. The resulting approach is realized in a fully- functional software prototype. This software solution is evaluated in a qualitative comparison. Findings show that our blockchain-based approach enables a seamless execution monitoring and verification of choreographies, while at the same time preserving anonymity and independence of the process participants. Furthermore, the prototype is evaluated in a performance analysis.© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Choreographies | Blockchain | Business process management | Runtime verification |
مقاله انگلیسی |
47 |
Financial portfolio optimization with online deep reinforcement learning and restricted stacked autoencoder-DeepBreath
بهینه سازی سبد مالی با یادگیری تقویتی عمیق آنلاین و محدود کردن خودکار رمزگذار-DeepBreath-2020 The process of continuously reallocating funds into financial assets, aiming to increase the expected re- turn of investment and minimizing the risk, is known as portfolio management. In this paper, a portfolio management framework is developed based on a deep reinforcement learning framework called Deep- Breath. The DeepBreath methodology combines a restricted stacked autoencoder and a convolutional neu- ral network (CNN) into an integrated framework. The restricted stacked autoencoder is employed in order to conduct dimensionality reduction and features selection, thus ensuring that only the most informative abstract features are retained. The CNN is used to learn and enforce the investment policy which consists of reallocating the various assets in order to increase the expected return on investment. The framework consists of both offline and online learning strategies: the former is required to train the CNN while the latter handles concept drifts i.e. a change in the data distribution resulting from unforeseen circum- stances. These are based on passive concept drift detection and online stochastic batching. Settlement risk may occur as a result of a delay in between the acquisition of an asset and its payment failing to deliver the terms of a contract. In order to tackle this challenging issue, a blockchain is employed. Finally, the performance of the DeepBreath framework is tested with four test sets over three distinct investment periods. The results show that the return of investment achieved by our approach outperforms current expert investment strategies while minimizing the market risk. Keywords: Portfolio management | Deep reinforcement learning | Restricted stacked autoencoder | Online leaning | Settlement risk | Blockchain |
مقاله انگلیسی |
48 |
AI-Powered Blockchain : A Decentralized Secure Multiparty Computation Protocol for IoV
بلاکچین با هوش مصنوعی: یک پروتکل محاسباتی محرمانه چند جانبه امن برای IoV-2020 The rapid advancements in autonomous technologies
have paved way for vehicular networks. In particular,
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) forms the basis of the
future of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS represents
the communication among vehicles by acquiring and sharing
the data. Though congestion control is enhanced by Internet of
Vehicles (IoV), there are various security criteria where entire
communication can lead to many security and privacy challenges.
A blockchain can be deployed to provide the IoV devices with
the necessary authentication and security feature for the transfer
of data. Blockchain based IoV mechanism eliminates the single
source of failure and remains secure at base despite having strong
security, the higher level layers and applications are susceptible
to attacks. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to overcome
several vulnerabilities of current blockchain technology.
In this paper, we propose an AI-Powered Blockchain which
provides auto coding feature for the smart contracts making
it an intelligent contract. Moreover, it speeds up the transaction
verification and optimises energy consumption. The results show
that intelligent contracts provide higher security compared to
smart contracts considering range of different scenarios. Index Terms: Blockchain | Artificial Intelligence | Smart contract | Internet of Vehicles | Vehicular Network |
مقاله انگلیسی |
49 |
Cooperative energy management of a community of smart-buildings: A Blockchain approach
مدیریت انرژی تعاونی جامعه از ساختمانهای هوشمند: رویکرد بلاکچین -2020 Demand Response (DR) is progressively moving from a centralized, unidirectional structure to a set of advanced
decentralized mechanisms that better balance distributed supply and demand. This paper presents a decentralized
cooperative DR framework to manage the daily energy exchanges within a community of Smart-
Buildings, in the presence of local Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The proposed algorithm taps into the
flexibility of the participants to let them decide of a day-ahead community power profile, and subsequently
ensures the forecast tracking during the next day. In practice, the algorithm is fully decentralized by the
Blockchain technology, that enables a trusted communication medium among the participants and enforces
autonomous monitoring and billing via Smart-Contracts. With such an energy management framework, participating
Smart-Buildings can together aim at a common objective, such as carbon-free resources usage or aggregated
grid services, without depending on a centralized aggregator/utility. Simulations on realistic Swiss
building models demonstrate that nearly all the renewable production resources could be harnessed locally
through the presented framework, compared to selfish individual optimization. Under a quadratic cost of grid
electricity, the considered community profile could dramatically be flattened, hence avoiding costly peaks at the
grid interface. A scalability analysis shows that, considering the current public Ethereum Blockchain, the framework
could handle a community size of up to 100 Smart-Building. Keywords: Cooperative energy management | Smart-buildings | Smart-community | Blockchain | Demand response | Smart-contract | Linear optimization | Decentralized algorithm |
مقاله انگلیسی |
50 |
Blockchain-based life cycle assessment: An implementation framework and system architecture
ارزیابی چرخه زندگی مبتنی بر بلاکچین: چارچوب پیاده سازی و معماری سیستم-2020 Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used for assessing the environmental impacts of a product or service. Collecting reliable data is a major challenge in LCA due to the complexities involved in the tracking and quantifying inputs and outputs at multiple supply chain stages. Blockchain technology offers an ideal solution to overcome the challenge in sustainable supply chain management. Its use in combination with internet-of-things (IoT) and big data analytics and visualization can help organizations achieve operational excellence in con- ducting LCA for improving supply chain sustainability. This research develops a framework to guide the im- plementation of Blockchain-based LCA. It proposes a system architecture that integrates the use of Blockchain, IoT, and big data analytics and visualization. The proposed implementation framework and system architecture were validated by practitioners who were experienced with Blockchain applications. The research also analyzes system implementation costs and discusses potential issues and solutions, as well as managerial and policy implications. Keywords: Blockchain | Life cycle assessment | Supply chain sustainability | Environmental sustainability | Operational excellence |
مقاله انگلیسی |