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نتیجه جستجو - carbon tax

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 13
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Carbon reduction decisions under progressive carbon tax regulations: A new dual-channel supply chain network equilibrium model
تصمیمات مربوط به کاهش کربن تحت مقررات مالیاتی پیش رونده کربن: مدل تعادل شبکه زنجیره تامین جدید دو کاناله-2021
Since the production process in manufacturing industry is one of the main sources of carbon emissions, most governments have enacted relevant carbon policies to encourage manufacturers to invest in green production technology and reduce carbon emissions. However, the effectiveness of the carbon policy deserves further investigation because the manufacturers focus more on economic profits in actual operations. For this purpose, this paper proposes a dual-channel supply chain network (DCSCN) equilibrium model based on variational inequality theory to examine progressive carbon tax mechanism design of the government and its impacts on the production/pricing and abatement level decisions of the manufacturers in the DCSCN. In addition, this paper also examines the influences of the online channel introduction on supply chain network equilibrium decisions, carbon emissions and profits. We employ the modified projection and contraction algorithm to obtain the numerical solutions for several examples, and analyze the impacts of the key parameters on the equilibrium decisions and derive several managerial insights. The results show that if the government sets the high-level carbon tax and the cut-off value in progressive carbon tax policy appropriately, it can induce the manufacturers to improve abatement level actively; meanwhile the profit maximization goal of the manufacturer and the whole DCSCN can be consistent with the government’s low-carbon emission target. Moreover, the introduction of online channel may depress the economic activities and lead to profit loss for the supply chain network but contributes to reducing the carbon emissions under progressive carbon tax policy. The conclusions may be useful for reference in the study of the low-carbon supply chain and the design of carbon emission reduction policy for government.
Keywords: Dual-channel supply chain network | Progressive carbon tax | Product abatement level | Variational inequality theory
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Conjugation of border and domestic carbon adjustment and implications under production and consumption-based accounting of India•s National Emission Inventory: A recursive dynamic CGE analysis
ترکیب تنظیمات کربن مرزی و داخلی و پیامدهای آن در حسابداری مبتنی بر تولید و مصرف موجودی انتشار ملی هند: یک تحلیل CGE پویا بازگشتی-2021
India initiated prudent measures voluntarily in the last two decades to combat against excessive carbon emissions. Acknowledging these initiatives, the study conjoins the policy of ‘border carbon adjustment (BCA)’ by the developed countries on Indian export with the ‘domestic carbon adjustment (DCA)’ by In- dia to evaluate its impact on emission reduction and the macroeconomy. The study also raises an in- consistency in this dual carbon adjustment under the production-based accounting (PBA) of the ‘national emission inventory (NEI)’ and conducts simulation experiments under the PBA and alternatively proposed consumption-based accounting (CBA) framework. The results reveal that the closer the rates of BCA and DCA the more effective the carbon adjustment schemes are. The dual carbon adjustment also found giv- ing better outcome under the CBA than PBA. The result of carbon-revenue recycling schemes suggest direct compensation to the enterprises for making the economy recover from the carbon tax-distortions in the most effective way.
keywords: تنظیم کربن مرزی (BCA) | تنظیم کربن داخلی (DCA) | موجودی ملی انتشار (NEI) | حسابداری مبتنی بر تولید (PBA) | حسابداری مبتنی بر مصرف (CBA) | تعادل عمومی محاسبه (CGE) | بازیافت درآمد کربن | هندوستان | Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) | Domestic Carbon Adjustment (DCA) | National Emission Inventory (NEI) | Production-based Accounting (PBA) | Consumption-based Accounting (CBA) | Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) | Carbon Revenue Recycling | India
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Optimizing inventory decisions for a closed–loop supply chain model under a carbon tax regulatory mechanism
بهینه سازی تصمیمات موجودی برای یک مدل زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته تحت مکانیزم نظارتی مالیات کربن-2021
Green supply chain management encompasses every level of the supply chain. The core green supply chain management strategies include closed–loop manufacturing and reduction of carbon footprint. These strategies enable firms to improve their environmental profile and to comply with environmental regulations. This paper deals with a supply chain system integrating manufacturing, remanufacturing and repair activities (closed–loop manufacturing) to face a time-varying demand under the regulatory framework for carbon tax. Initially, the total cost of the system is provided and then a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem is formulated aiming to determine the optimal policy i.e. the manufacturing, remanufacturing and repairing cycles. After decomposing the original problem into two pure manufacturing and remanufacturing sub-problems, the existence of their optimal solution is proved and then a simple method, which relies on a finite search scheme, is used to determine the overall optimal solution. Through a variety of numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis, the effect of the different system parameters on costs and environmental efficiency are provided, such as: returns, carbon emissions generated per activity and rates of any activity. The main result of this analysis indicates that the proposed model is fairly robust to the parameters’ changes, however the tax on carbon emissions has a seriousimpact on the system optimal cost.
Keywords: Inventory | carbon emissions | carbon tax | remanufacturing | repair | finite horizon
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Incentives for personal carbon account: An evolutionary game analysis on public-private-partnership reconstruction
مشوق‌ها برای حساب کربن شخصی: تجزیه و تحلیل بازی تکاملی در بازسازی مشارکت عمومی-خصوصی-خصوصی-2021
This paper explores the effective incentive mechanisms for personal carbon accounts (PCAs) to reduce carbon emissions from household. First, a novel Public-Private Partnership for personal carbon accounts (PPPePCAs) is constructed to discover the incentive effect of the integration of government mechanisms and market mechanisms on emissions reduction from household energy consumption. Second, the evolutionary game model among the government, financial institution, and consumer is presented to analyze the evolutionary stability strategies (ESS) of participants and verify the effectiveness of PPP-PCAs. Finally, taking Ant Forest as an example, we perform sensitivity analyses of key parameters and describe the optimal path to promote the development of PCAs. The numerical results show that government mechanisms, such as subsidies and carbon taxes have little effect on consumers’ low-carbon decisions, without any other participants. When the private sectors, e.g., financial institutions, enterprises and carbon platforms are introduced into model, the market mechanisms can effectively promote the healthy and rapid development of PCAs. It finds that the government’s low-carbon subsidies for financial institutions are the most effective, followed by the low-carbon benefits provided by the private sectors to consumers. The above conclusions can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the incentive mechanisms to promote the development of PCAs.
keywords: حساب شخصی کربن | رفتار مصرف انرژی خانگی | بخش خصوصی | بازی تکاملی چندگانه | ppp | Personal carbon account | Household energy consumption behavior | Private sectors | Multi-agents evolutionary game | PPP
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Emission reduction decision of agricultural supply chain considering carbon tax and investment cooperation
تصمیم کاهش انتشار زنجیره تأمین کشاورزی با توجه به مالیات کربن و همکاری در سرمایه گذاری-2021
As the core of civilian production and an indispensable part of the national economy, the agricultural industry plays a role in many aspects, but it also generates a large amount of carbon emissions that are harmful to the environment. A game model is established to compare the optimal decisions and profits of retailers under three situations: whether to invest in emission reduction for manufacturers or not, and whether to invest in emission reduction under decentralized decision-making or centralized decision- making. The results show that when manufacturers cooperate with retailers, with the increase of in- vestment proportion, carbon emission reduction, market demand, manufacturer’s profit and retail price show an upward trend, while retailer’s profit decreases. However, when manufacturers and retailers form a centralized supply chain, the overall profit of the supply chain can be improved. Therefore, when manufacturers and retailers cooperate to form a centralized supply chain, the supply chain can be optimized to achieve the dual objectives of protecting the environment and increasing profits.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Carbon tax | Investment cooperation | Agricultural supply chain | Carbon emission reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Enabling a just transition: A composite indicator for assessing home-heating energy-poverty risk and the impact of environmental policy measures
امکان ایجاد یک انتقال عادلانه: یک شاخص ترکیبی برای ارزیابی خطر فقر انرژی گرمایش در خانه و تأثیر اقدامات سیاست زیست محیطی-2020
Home-heating energy-poverty risk presents both challenge and opportunity for policymakers, businesses and communities. Effective measurement and management of this risk requires an evidence base that accounts for characteristics of the householder, building, and heating system. A composite index utilising 10 indicators refined to Small Area level is created to deliver spatially refined analysis of home-heating energy-poverty risk. The index is used to assess home-heating energy-poverty risk across 18,641 Small Area clusters in Ireland. This risk index is a scalable and internationally transferrable methodology that can be extended to cover other energy uses. Importantly the index is also dynamic and offers the capacity to analyse changes in energy-poverty risk associated with specific policy intervention proposals, including major contemporary environmental policy transitions such as residential fabric retrofit, residential heating system changes, energy price changes and carbon taxation. The application of the index to the Irish case affords refined insight into the impact and inci- dence of various market, technology and policy driven interventions such as fuel price changes, retrofit strategies and carbon tax increases. Risk and impacts vary geographically, and this index is designed to inform targeted policy interventions to mitigate home heating energy-poverty risk and thereby support ambitions for a ‘just transition’.
Keywords: Energy | Poverty | Risk | Index | Ireland | Transition
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Low-carbon product selection with carbon tax and competition: Effects of the power structure
انتخاب محصول کم کربن با مالیات کربن و رقابت: تاثیرات ساختار توانی-2018
This paper considers product selection strategies of two competitive firms in the presence of carbon tax. Optimal strategies are developed for product selection of the firm with two game structures, namely, the Nash game and the Stackelberg game, by which the paper conducts an analytical examination of the effect of power structure on the product selection strategy of the firm over various levels of carbon tax rate. The critical managerial findings derived with the studies are as follows: (i) Two competitive firms will always adopt the same product strategy with the Nash pricing game, regardless of the carbon tax rate, which is in contrast to that they will adopt a differentiated product strategy over the low carbon tax rates with the Stackelberg pricing game. (ii) Two competitive firms will both select the common or low-carbon product with randomness over the middle carbon tax rates with the Nash product selection game, which is contrast to that the randomness in their product selections is removed with the Stackelberg product selection game, which leads to an existence of the pure strategy Stackelberg equilibrium for their product selection strategies over the middle carbon tax rates. The inherent mechanisms leading to these essential differences are also discussed in the paper.
keywords: Low-carbon product |Power structure |Carbon emission |Carbon tax |Competition
مقاله انگلیسی
8 A model to control environmental performance of project execution process based on greenhouse gas emissions using earned value management
یک مدل برای کنترل عملکرد محیطی فرآیند اجرای پروژه برمبنای انتشار گاز گلخانه ای با استفاده از مدیریت ارزش درآمدی-2018
In response to recent climate change, which is believed to be attributed to the release of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, many countries are placing CO2 abatement programs such as carbon tax and cap-and-trade. Projects do have a significant share in GHGs and therefore their environmental performance, like their schedule and cost performance, should be monitored and controlled. Although many large projects would pass an environmental assessment in the project evaluation phase, the issue of environmental performance monitoring during the project execution phase has not been addressed in project management methodologies. The objective of this paper is to develop a model to estimate project GHG emissions, and to measure project GHG performance using the developed metrics, which can be used at any point in time over the life of a project. A comprehensive study is conducted to collect information on GHG emission factors of various project activity data (such as material use, energy and fuel consumption, transportation, etc.), and a user form interface is developed to calculate the total GHG of an activity. Also, a breakdown structure is proposed which supports managing all the project GHG accounts. The monitoring and control model is formulated based on the logic used in earned value management (EVM) methodology. The proposed model is then implemented to a work package of a real construction project. The results present the project initial GHG plan and show that the model is able to calculate project GHG variance by the reporting date and predict project final GHG based on a project GHG performance index. The method presented in this paper is general and can be applied to any type of projects in an organization that aims to reduce its carbon footprint. The same structure can be applied to monitor and control any other environmental impact associated with project execution process.
keywords: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions |Project control |Earned value management (EVM)
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Integrated decisions for supplier selection and lot-sizing considering different carbon emission regulations in Big Data environment
تصمیمات یکپارچه برای انتخاب تامین کننده و اندازه گیری های متناسب با مقررات انتشار کربن مختلف در محیط داده های بزرگ-2018
The rising concerns about carbon emissions due to drastic environmental changes globally has increased awareness of customers regarding the carbon footprint of the products they are consuming. Thus, compelled supply chain managers to reformulate strategies for controlling the carbon emissions. The various activities contributing to carbon emissions in a supply chain are procurement, transportation, ordering and holding of inventory. Operational decisions like selection of the right supplier of right lot-sizes can play a vital role in reducing the overall carbon footprint of a supply chain. This paper proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) for supplier selection along with determining the right lot-sizes in a dynamic setting having multi periods, multi-products and multi-suppliers with a view of overall reduction in the supply chain cost as well as associated cost of carbon emissions. The model requires a range of real time parameters from both the buyer’s and supplier’s perspectives such as costs, capacities and carbon caps. These parameters have been mapped with the different dimensions of Big Data viz. volume, velocity and variety. The model provides an optimal supplier selection and lot-sizing policy along with the carbon emissions. For the purpose of evaluating the carbon emissions, three different carbon regulating policies viz., carbon cap-and-trade, strict cap on carbon emission and carbon tax on emissions, have been considered and insights are drawn. The validation of the proposed MINLP has been done using a randomly generated dataset having the essential parameters of Big Data, i.e. volume, velocity, and variety.
Keywords: Big Data ، MINLP ، Lot-sizing ، Cap-and-trade ، Strict cap ، Carbon tax
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Production and transportation outsourcing decisions in the supply chain under single and multiple carbon policies
تصمیمات برون سپاری تولید و حمل و نقل در زنجیره تامین تحت سیاست های تک و چندگانه کربن-2017
Cap-and-trade and carbon tax are the two main policies to reduce carbon emissions. Different from the previous literature and practice, this paper examines the production and transportation outsourcing problems of a two-echelon supply chain under the cap-and-trade policy and joint cap-and-trade and carbon tax policy. Enterprise operations are divided into the order stage and transportation outsourcing decision stage. In the order stage, the retailer sets his order schedule for the manufacturing plant for fulfillment, and in the transportation outsourcing decision stage, the manufacturer decides the optimal freight volume based on energy consumption. Furthermore, we construct a basic model without a carbon policy and two extended models with carbon policies and the optimal solutions of the models are solved. Numerical examples are provided, and the three models are compared. The results indicate that the extended model with carbon policies is more beneficial for emissions reduction, and the effect of emissions reduction gradually becomes smooth as the carbon price increases; the joint cap-and-trade and carbon tax policy is more effective for emissions reduction, especially when the carbon price is lower. These findings will be helpful to policy makers and managers.
Keywords:Inventory management | Production control | Transportation outsourcing | Carbon emissions | Carbon policy
مقاله انگلیسی
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