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The future of General Movement Assessment: The role of computer vision and machine learning – A scoping review
آینده ارزیابی جنبش عمومی: نقش بینایی رایانه و یادگیری ماشین - مروری بر محدوده-2021 Background: The clinical and scientific value of Prechtl general movement assessment (GMA) has
been increasingly recognised, which has extended beyond the detection of cerebral palsy
throughout the years. With advancing computer science, a surging interest in developing automated GMA emerges.
Aims: In this scoping review, we focused on video-based approaches, since it remains authentic to
the non-intrusive principle of the classic GMA. Specifically, we aimed to provide an overview of
recent video-based approaches targeting GMs; identify their techniques for movement detection
and classification; examine if the technological solutions conform to the fundamental concepts of
GMA; and discuss the challenges of developing automated GMA.
Methods and procedures: We performed a systematic search for computer vision-based studies on
GMs.
Outcomes and results: We identified 40 peer-reviewed articles, most (n = 30) were published
between 2017 and 2020. A wide variety of sensing, tracking, detection, and classification tools for
computer vision-based GMA were found. Only a small portion of these studies applied deep learning approaches. A comprehensive comparison between data acquisition and sensing setups
across the reviewed studies, highlighting limitations and advantages of each modality in performing automated GMA is provided.
Conclusions and implications: A “method-of-choice” for automated GMA does not exist. Besides
creating large datasets, understanding the fundamental concepts and prerequisites of GMA is
necessary for developing automated solutions. Future research shall look beyond the narrow field
of detecting cerebral palsy and open up to the full potential of applying GMA to enable an even
broader application. Keywords: Augmented general movement assessment | Automation | Cerebral palsy | Computer vision | Deep learning | Developmental disorder | Early detection | General movements | Infancy | Machine learning | Neurodevelopment | Pose estimation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Medico-legal considerations and operative vaginal delivery
ملاحظات پزشکی قانونی و زایمان واژینال عملیاتی-2019 Women undergo operative vaginal delivery (OVD) as an alternative
to caesarean section when complications arise in the
second stage of labour. The perinatal mortality associated with
OVD is very low, and most of the perinatal morbidity is minor.
However, when serious adverse events occur, such as traumatic
birth injury, shoulder dystocia, cerebral palsy and perinatal
death, there are medico-legal implications. There is also the
potential for litigation in relation to maternal pelvic floor injury,
which is increased with OVD. Obstetricians performing and supervising
OVDs need to be aware of the potential pitfalls and
minimise the risk of adverse outcomes. Given that most obstetricians
will be involved in adverse birth-related events, it is
important that they are aware of the legal processes that may
ensue. It is also important when reviewing adverse OVD-related
outcomes that association is differentiated from causation. These
issues are addressed in the current chapter with attention drawn
to the Montgomery ruling, which redefines the legal standards
expected in relation to informed consent. Keywords: Operative vaginal delivery (OVD) | Serious adverse events | Litigation | Medico-legal | Causation | Montgomery ruling |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Human-computer interaction for users with cerebral palsy based on head orientation: Can cursor ’s movement be modeled by Fitts ’s law?
تعامل انسان و کامپیوتر برای کاربران مبتلا به فلج مغزی بر اساس جهت گیری سر: آیا جنبش مکان نما را می توان با قانون Fitts مدل کرد؟-2017 This paper presents an experiment to validate a head-mounted inertial interface for human-computer interaction (HCI) developed for people with cerebral palsy (CP). The method is based on Fitts ’s law, an empirical model of human motor performance for aimed movements. Head motion is recorded in a series of goal-crossing tasks and a regression model of the movement time ( MT ) is estimated for each user. Values of R 2 above 0.9 are indicators of a strong correlation of those motion patterns with the linear model proposed by Fitts. The analysis of MT confirmed that head movements of users without disability follow Fitts ’s law and showed that 3 users with CP (MACS IV and V) had the same behavior. There was a weaker correlation ( R 2 = 0.839) for one individual with cervical dystonia and ballistic movements and no correlation for two users with cervical hypotonia and dyskinetic CP. Results show the impact of ballistic movements and poor postural control in computer interaction. They also provide the foundation for new interaction techniques to develop a universal computer interface for motor impaired users. ©2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fitts ’s law | Inertial sensor | Human-computer interaction | Cerebral palsy | Motor disorder | Head orientation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A three-layer planning architecture for the autonomous control of rehabilitation therapies based on social robots
معماری برنامه ریزی سه لایه برای کنترل مستقل درمان های توانبخشی مبتنی بر ربات های اجتماعی-2017 This manuscript focuses on the description of a novel cognitive architecture called NAOTherapist, which provides a social robot with enough autonomy to carry out a non-contact upper limb rehabilitation therapy for patients with physical impairments, such as cerebral palsy and obstetric brachial plexus palsy. NAOTherapist comprises three levels of Automated Planning. In the high-level planning, the physician establishes the parameters of the therapy such as the scheduling of the sessions, the therapeutic objectives to be achieved and certain constraints based on the medical records of the patient. This information is used to establish a customized therapy plan. The objective of the medium-level planning is to execute and monitor every previous planned session with the humanoid robot. Finally, the low-level planning involves the execution of path-planning actions by the robot to carry out different low-level instructions such as performing poses. The technical evaluation shows an accurate definition and monitoring of the therapies and sessions and a fluent interaction with the robot. This automated process is expected to save time for the professionals while guaranteeing the medical criteria.© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Robotic architecture | Human-Robot Interaction | Rehabilitation therapies | Automated Planning | Socially Assistive Robotics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Interactive Scenario Development of Robot-assisted Therapy for Cerebral Palsy: A Face Validation Survey
توسعه سناریوی تعاملی درمان رباتی برای فلج مغزی: بررسی اعتبارسنجی صورت-2017 Humanoids have potential in the augmentation of rehabilitation programme for children with cerebral palsy. To make the humanoid programme applicable and clinically compliant, correct interactive scenarios had to be developed. Development of Human Robot Interaction (HRI) scenario is the main focus of this study. Through discussions with clinicians and therapists, four interactive scenarios have been formulated. The researchers have designed and developed the interactive scenarios concerning the suitability of measuring items in the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) that is suitable to be applied by humanoid robot NAO. Choregraphe software, a programming tool that allows programmer to create and compile the behavior of the robot was used in this study. Choregraphe Suite is a multi-platform desktop application, to create animations, behaviors and dialogs. The developed interactive scenario had undergone a face validity process. This method of validation is used to confirm through peer reviews that the content of the interactive scenario is suitable to be used for children with cerebral palsy. Thirty peer reviewers, made up by a group of physiotherapists and occupational therapists validated the suitability of the interactive scenario. The result of the validation will be explained in this paper.© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors (IRIS 2016).© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors(IRIS 2016). Keywords: Human-robot interaction | humanoid robot | cerebral palsy | rehabilitation robot | social robot |
مقاله انگلیسی |