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نتیجه جستجو - competitiveness

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 127
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Cov-Net: A computer-aided diagnosis method for recognizing COVID-19 from chest X-ray images via machine vision
Cov-Net: یک روش تشخیصی به کمک رایانه برای تشخیص COVID-19 از تصاویر اشعه ایکس قفسه سینه از طریق بینایی ماشین-2022
In the context of global pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that threatens life of all human beings, it is of vital importance to achieve early detection of COVID-19 among symptomatic patients. In this paper, a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) model Cov-Net is proposed for accurate recognition of COVID-19 from chest X-ray images via machine vision techniques, which mainly concentrates on powerful and robust feature learning ability. In particular, a modified residual network with asymmetric convolution and attention mechanism embedded is selected as the backbone of feature extractor, after which skip-connected dilated convolution with varying dilation rates is applied to achieve sufficient feature fusion among high-level semantic and low-level detailed information. Experimental results on two public COVID-19 radiography databases have demonstrated the practicality of proposed Cov-Net in accurate COVID-19 recognition with accuracy of 0.9966 and 0.9901, respectively. Furthermore, within same experimental conditions, proposed Cov-Net outperforms other six state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms, which validates the superiority and competitiveness of Cov-Net in building highly discriminative features from the perspective of methodology. Hence, it is deemed that proposed Cov-Net has a good generalization ability so that it can be applied to other CAD scenarios. Consequently, one can conclude that this work has both practical value in providing reliable reference to the radiologist and theoretical significance in developing methods to build robust features with strong presentation ability.
keywords: COVID-19 | Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) | Feature learning | Image recognition | Machine vision
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A vision-based approach for automatic progress tracking of floor paneling in offsite construction facilities
یک رویکرد مبتنی بر چشم انداز برای ردیابی پیشرفت اتوماتیک پوشش کف در تاسیسات ساختمانی خارج از منزل-2021
Offsite construction is an approach focused on moving construction tasks from traditional jobsites to manufacturing facilities. Improved productivity of construction tasks is paramount in terms of competitiveness and is achieved through the continuous improvement of operations and planning, which often relies on historical data obtained from previous projects. Despite being a common practice, current methods, such as time studies, are not able to capture the changing scenarios resulting from improvements to production. This paper presents a novel approach to automatically detect and track the progress of construction operations by applying a method that combines deep learning algorithms and finite state machines to existing footage captured by closed-circuit television (CCTV) security cameras. Applied in the context of floor panel manufacturing stations, the proposed method examines entire production days recorded by CCTV cameras, while providing the durations of each task, its required resources, and the task efficiency per panel with high accuracy.
Keywords: Offsite construction | Construction automation | Computer vision | Productivity | Machine learning | Task efficiency
مقاله انگلیسی
3 An ontology-based knowledge management approach supporting simulation-aided design for car crash simulation in the development phase
یک رویکرد مدیریت دانش مبتنی بر هستی شناسی حمایت از طراحی شبیه سازی کمک برای شبیه سازی تصادف اتومبیل در مرحله توسعه-2021
In the automotive industry, the design process is both costly and time-consuming. This research focuses on improving the design process by mainly reducing time while producing more robust vehicles. Vehicle development is based on simulation; thus, the design process is referred to as simulation-aided design. Engineering design is highly collaborative and knowledge intensive. Therefore, knowledge management plays a crucial role in today’s global economy and is essential for the competitiveness of companies. However, current research on engineering knowledge management focuses on either the codification or the personalisation approaches of knowledge management. Thus, this paper addresses an integrated and collaborative approach. This paper aims to develop an ontology-based knowledge management approach to support simulation-aided design, specifically car crash simulation. The knowledge management support system is designed to ensure the capture and retrieval of engineering knowledge and to enable collaboration between different stakeholders. An evaluation of the models and technologies used is also undertaken, based on use case scenarios.
keywords: مدیریت دانش | هستی شناسی | مدل دانش | بازیابی دانش | همکاری | طراحی مهندسی | شبیه سازی سقوط | Knowledge management | Ontology | Knowledge model | Knowledge retrieval | Collaboration | Engineering design | Crash simulation
مقاله انگلیسی
4 An agent-based approach for project-driven supply chain problem under information asymmetry and decentralized decision-making
یک رویکرد مبتنی بر عامل برای مشکل زنجیره تأمین پروژه محور تحت عدم تقارن اطلاعات و تصمیم گیری غیرمتمرکز-2021
In a project-driven supply chain, the project schedule and material supply influence one another. The effective decision-making process between the project manager and the suppliers can promote the flexibility and competitiveness of supply chains. However, due to their incompatible objectives, the suppliers are reluctant to disclose private information. By incorporating information asymmetry, we build a model to describe the decentralized decision-making process. The project manager does not know the lead time and the production/ transportation cost of the material suppliers accurately. To build an effective alliance in the supply chain, different contracts are considered to provide a positive or negative incentive for the suppliers, including a non- financial incentive contract with continuous orders. Then, we present a framework that integrates the agent- based approach and evolutionary algorithm. In the framework, the agents not only negotiate with each other to complete a solution but also jointly evaluate the solutions generated by the evolutionary algorithm. Finally, an experiment is conducted to compare the agent-based approach and the classical NSGA-II under information symmetry. The results show that the gap between the algorithms is acceptable, especially for a large project. The results also show that the non-financial incentive contract is beneficial to all the players in the supply chain.
Keywords: Project scheduling | Multi-agent system | Supply chain coordination | Contracting
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Internal benchmarking to assess the cost efficiency of a broiler production system combining data envelopment analysis and throughput accounting
محک گذاری داخلی برای ارزیابی کارایی هزینه سیستم تولید جوجه های گوشتی با ترکیب تحلیل پوششی داده ها و حسابداری توان عملیاتی-2021
Economic efficiency assessments based on Data Envelopment Analysis are scarce compared to technical effi- ciency studies, even in for-profit firms. Some aspects justify this scarcity, such as the difficulty to estimate ac- curate prices, given their variability over time. In many situations, external benchmarking is hindered due to organizations’ unique nature and the barriers to sharing information considered critical to competitiveness. The use of internal benchmarking can overcome some of these difficulties. This study conducted an internal benchmarking analysis of a broiler production system, focusing on cost efficiency. We conducted longitudinal case-based research over six years (2014–2019). The concepts of throughput accounting of the Theory of Con- straints were applied to structure the DEA model (inputs, prices, and output). The Critical Incident Technique was used to explore the effects of interventions on the production system’s cost efficiency. The results show that the broiler production system could reduce 32% of the total cost per unit of production if the balance of inputs suggested by the DEA evaluation was used. This work contributes to the literature by showing the potential of internal benchmarking to explore the evolution of cost efficiency over time. From a practical perspective, this study is important for managers by showing how to measure the impact of management actions on performance, providing valuable information to guide continuous improvement.
keywords: بهره وری اقتصادی | بهره وری هزینه | معیار سنج داخلی | تحلیل پوششی داده ها | تولید جوجه های گوشتی | حسابداری | Economic efficiency | Cost efficiency | Internal benchmarking | Data envelopment analysis | Broiler production | Throughput accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
6 The adoption of supply chain service platforms for organizational performance: Evidences from Chinese catering organizations
The adoption of supply chain service platforms for organizational performance: Evidences from Chinese catering organizations-2021
Supply chain service platforms (SCSP) are playing an increasingly crucial role in improving the competitiveness of organizations in the digital economy. Little, however, is known about the critical factors to the adoption of SCSP in organizations for improving their performance. Drawing upon three domain theories in technology adoption in organizations including the technology-organization-environment framework, the innovation diffusion theory, and the interorganizational relationship theory, this study proposes and validates a research model for better understanding the critical factors to the adoption of SCSP using the survey data from 228 Chinese catering organizations. The study shows that organizational resources and external pressures have a significant direct impact on SCSP adoption in organizations. It reveals that perceived platform value fully mediates the effect of external pressures and partially mediates the effect of organizational resources on SCSP adoption. Furthermore, the study finds out that there is a significant positive association between SCSP adoption and organizational performance. This study contributes to better understanding of SCSP adoption in organizations in their active pursuit of sustainable performance.
Keywords: Supply chain service platforms | Technology adoption | Perceived platform value | Catering supply chains | SMEs | Sustainable organizational performance
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Influencing factors on energy management in industries
تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر مدیریت انرژی در صنایع-2020
Energy management has been considered in the global agenda as a way to improve energy performance and greenhouse gas reduction in organizations. Industries account for a significant part of energy use worldwide and present opportunities for energy efficiency improvements. Within the industry, energy management is a complex task, regarding scenarios with variables related to the following perspectives: economics, contingency, technological change and behavioural. This paper aims at analyzing the influencing factors on energy management in industries from these perspectives. A survey with 40 variables was carried out with middle managers from different industrial sectors in Brazil. The variables were divided into three groups: drivers for investments in energy efficiency; organizational processes and actions in energy management; involvement of middle managers. Initially, an exploratory factor analysis technique was employed aiming at specifying the main factors influencing energy management. In the sequence, a confirmatory factor analysis was used to associate the variables to the main factors as well as to know how the factors relate to each other. The study showed a positive correlation among all the factors identified. Statistical tests suggested that the factors could not be explained separately. Hypotheses tests were applied to verify the influence of the factors among the groups surveyed. The final model comprised eight factors into the three groups: organizational (strategic, operational), involvement (motivation, support), drivers (production, economics, competitiveness, environment). The results and the main implications of the study are discussed in the paper.
Keywords: Energy management | ISO 50001 | Energy efficiency | Industries | Factor analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Combining conventional and participatory approaches to identify and prioritise management and health-related constraints to smallholder pig production in San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines
تلفیق رویکردهای مرسوم و مشارکتی برای شناسایی و اولویت بندی مدیریت و محدودیتهای مرتبط با سلامتی در تولید خوک های خرده فروش در سن سیمون ، پامبانگا ، فیلیپین-2020
Pork is the main meat produced and consumed in the Philippines. The majority of pigs are raised by smallholders who experience a range of constraints to their pig production. This study presents the findings of the first part of an overarching project that used an Ecohealth approach and aimed to improve the production and competitiveness of the smallholder pig system in an area of the Philippines. A participatory approach was embraced, combining conventional and participatory epidemiology methods followed by a stakeholder discussion. The first aim was to identify management and health-related constraints to pig production among smallholder famers in San Simon, Pampanga, Philippines. The second aim was for the project team and stakeholders to jointly prioritise activities for the immediate future to address these constraints. Key management and health-related constraints identified included inadequate water supply to pigs, particularly lactating and gestating sows, and a range of feeding-related issues. Diarrhoea was recognised as the disease syndrome of highest priority and limited record keeping meant that farmers were unable to assess the productivity and profitability of their pig farming enterprises. Actions jointly prioritised by stakeholders and the project team were: the appointment of a project coordinator within each barangay; conduct two sets of seminars, the first covering water and nutrition and the second piglet management and diarrhoea, to be delivered by technical experts but with farmer “trusted sources” also sharing their experiences; development of easily understandable leaflets and posters covering key technical information; promotion of nipple drinkers attached to five-gallon water containers and creep boxes for piglets, and conduct of a record keeping workshop with a small group of innovative farmers to develop a useful and usable tool for record keeping. The use of multiple approaches to data-gathering enabled triangulation of study findings. Without any one of these components the understanding of the pig production system would have been less complete and it is possible that the proposed actions would not have been as well-tailored to the needs of the farmers. The participatory approach, in particular the stakeholder discussion, provided the opportunity to embrace the “deciding together” and “acting together” stances of participation rather than the lower “information giving” stance, thereby giving stakeholders greater ownership of the future activities of the overarching project and beyond.
Keywords: Philippines | Pig | Smallholder | Constraints | Participatory epidemiology | Ecohealth
مقاله انگلیسی
9 A two-stage multi-operator differential evolution algorithm for solving Resource Constrained Project Scheduling problems
یک الگوریتم تکامل دیفرانسیل چند مرحله ای چند کاره برای حل مشکلات برنامه ریزی پروژه محدود شده از منابع-2020
The Resource Constrained Project Scheduling problem (RCPSP) is a complex and combinatorial optimization problem mostly relates with project management, construction industries, production planning and manufacturing domains. Although several solution methods have been proposed, no single method has been shown to be the best. Further, optimal solution of this type of problem requires different requirements of the exploration and exploitation at different stages of the optimization process. Considering these requirements, in this paper, a two-stage multi-operator differential evolution (DE) algorithm, called TS-MODE, has been developed to solve RCPSP. TS-MODE starts with the exploration stage, and based on the diversity of population and the quality of solutions, this approach dynamically place more importance on the most-suitable DE, and then repeats the same process during the exploitation phase. A complete evaluation of the components and parameters of the algorithms by a Design of Experiments technique is also presented. A number of single-mode RCPSP data sets from the project scheduling library (PSPLIB) have been considered to test the effectiveness and performance of the proposed TS-MODE against selected recent well-known state-of-the-art algorithms. Those results reveal the efficiency and competitiveness of the proposed TS-MODE approach.
Keywords: Evolutionary algorithms | Differential evolution | Adaptive operator selection | Resource constrained project scheduling | problems
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The Doing Business ranking and the GDP: A qualitative study
رتبه بندی انجام تجارت و تولید ناخالص داخلی: یک مطالعه کیفی-2020
The topics of economic development and the importance of the business environment are repeatedly being studied by academia. Funding issues focus the debate, in particular on SME financing and the importance of the financial sector (especially the banking sector).Some institutions have developed specific indicators that seek to synthesize the greater or lesser ease of doing business and/or the resulting competitiveness. This research specifically focuses on one of them, namely, the ease of Doing Business index.The survey compares the bulk of African countries over two years, 2008 and 2017.This research uses fsQCA methodology to conclude that the factors affecting the capacity for doing business change over time. In 2008, only one set of Doing Business indicators was related to high wealth, but by 2017 there were four. We also conclude that credit is not only the determining factor for the ease of doing business and paperwork, as difficulties in dealing with the authorities are also highly significant.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | The Doing Business | Africa | fsQCA
مقاله انگلیسی
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