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1 |
Supply chain management of butyric acid-derived butanol: Stochastic approach
مدیریت زنجیره تأمین بوتانول مشتق از اسید بوتیریک: رویکرد تصادفی-2021 In this study, a stochastic model for strategic planning of the butyric acid-to-butanol supply chain network (Ba- to-Bu SCN) is developed to consider variations in the butanol (Bu) demand and butyric acid (Ba) supply derived from industrial/municipal waste. The proposed stochastic model can help determine where and how much Ba to process, Bu to produce, and Ba/Bu to transport to minimize the total cost of the Ba-to-Bu SCN design under Ba processing and Bu demand uncertainties. The features and capabilities of the stochastic model are validated and compared to those of the deterministic model by application of the future Ba-to-Bu SCN design for South Korea in 2030. The optimization results illustrate that the expected total cost of Ba-derived Bu by the stochastic model (US$4898.55 thousand per year) was at least 0.18% more economical that that of the deterministic model (US$4889.72 thousand per year). The goal of this study is to develop a decision making tool for a stochastic strategic problem to improve bio-economy caused by uncertainties. The proposed approach will help balance cost efficiency with stability in the uncertain future biorefinery infrastructure. Keywords: Strategic planning | Optimization | Organic waste | Stochastic model | Butanol | Supply chain |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
A possibilistic mathematical programming model to control the flow of relief commodities in humanitarian supply chains
یک مدل برنامه ریزی ریاضی احتمالی برای کنترل جریان کالاهای امدادی در زنجیره های تأمین بشردوستانه-2021 In emergency situations, disaster relief organizations are faced with the difficult decision of how to allocate scarce resources in an efficient manner in order to provide the best possible relief action. This paper aims to provide an analytical model that will help relief organizations in reducing human suffering following a disaster while maintaining an acceptable level of cost efficiency. A mathematical model is introduced to optimize the relief distribution problem which considers the social cost —the total sum of logistics and deprivation costs. The fuzzy nature of the deprivation cost function is addressed with possibilistic mixed integer programming with fuzzy objectives to reflect variation in deprivation costs perceptions. The model is solved using the Rolling Horizon method in a sequence of iterations. In each iteration, part of the planning horizon is modeled in detail and the rest of the time horizon is represented in an aggregated manner. The model is tested both empirically and on a case study of internal displacement in northwest Syria. Computational results showed that considering the demographic structure in affected areas and reflecting it to the deprivation cost function helped to reach better prioritization in distribution of commodities. The rolling horizon methodology is also found to be efficient in solving large scale instances and in capturing the dynamic changes in demand and supply parameters. Keywords: Humanitarian logistics | Possibilistic linear programming | Rolling horizon | Deprivation cost | Inventory allocation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Internal benchmarking to assess the cost efficiency of a broiler production system combining data envelopment analysis and throughput accounting
محک گذاری داخلی برای ارزیابی کارایی هزینه سیستم تولید جوجه های گوشتی با ترکیب تحلیل پوششی داده ها و حسابداری توان عملیاتی-2021 Economic efficiency assessments based on Data Envelopment Analysis are scarce compared to technical effi-
ciency studies, even in for-profit firms. Some aspects justify this scarcity, such as the difficulty to estimate ac-
curate prices, given their variability over time. In many situations, external benchmarking is hindered due to
organizations’ unique nature and the barriers to sharing information considered critical to competitiveness. The
use of internal benchmarking can overcome some of these difficulties. This study conducted an internal
benchmarking analysis of a broiler production system, focusing on cost efficiency. We conducted longitudinal
case-based research over six years (2014–2019). The concepts of throughput accounting of the Theory of Con-
straints were applied to structure the DEA model (inputs, prices, and output). The Critical Incident Technique
was used to explore the effects of interventions on the production system’s cost efficiency. The results show that
the broiler production system could reduce 32% of the total cost per unit of production if the balance of inputs
suggested by the DEA evaluation was used. This work contributes to the literature by showing the potential of
internal benchmarking to explore the evolution of cost efficiency over time. From a practical perspective, this
study is important for managers by showing how to measure the impact of management actions on performance,
providing valuable information to guide continuous improvement. keywords: بهره وری اقتصادی | بهره وری هزینه | معیار سنج داخلی | تحلیل پوششی داده ها | تولید جوجه های گوشتی | حسابداری | Economic efficiency | Cost efficiency | Internal benchmarking | Data envelopment analysis | Broiler production | Throughput accounting |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Evolutionary bi-level model for optimizing ticket fares and operations profit of Taiwan high-speed rail
مدل تک تک سطح برای بهینه سازی نرخ بلیط و سود عملیاتی راه آهن سریع السیر تایوان-2020 The Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) has transformed transportation in western Taiwan. Increasing costs of construction and operation have rendered THSR tickets much more expensive than other forms of transportation. The effects of ticket price benefits on the relevant transportation agency and the distribution of passenger flow have been analyzed to improve the profitability of the THSR. However, relying on analysis of passenger flow information alone may be insufficient to the adjustment of ticket fares. An evolutionary optimization model for maximizing the profits of the transportation agency that considers conflicts between executive decision making and passenger flow was developed herein. To resolve these conflicts, the bi-level planning approach was applied to consider both upper-level and lower-level planning and reflect passenger behavior and transportation profit management. Therefore, developing business plans and strategies that maximize cost efficiency while optimally balancing passenger satisfaction and profitability could improve THSR performance. Results indicated that optimal fare rates should be divided into three groups: 3.1, 3.0, and 4.2 NTD/person-km for long, medium, and short distances, respectively. This tool could be used to model and validate THSR fare adjustments and as a reference for authorities when making policy recommendations. Keywords: High-speed rail | Bi-level planning | Ticket fare | Operations profit | Passenger flow allocation | Evolutionary optimization |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Deep reinforcement learning based preventive maintenance policy for serial production lines
یادگیری تقویتی عمیق مبتنی بر سیاست یشگیری برای خطوط تولید متوالی-2020 In the manufacturing industry, the preventive maintenance (PM) is a common practice to reduce random
machine failures by replacing/repairing the aged machines or parts. The decision on when and where the
preventive maintenance needs to be carried out is nontrivial due to the complex and stochastic nature of
a serial production line with intermediate buffers. In order to improve the cost efficiency of the serial production
lines, a deep reinforcement learning based approach is proposed to obtain PM policy. A novel
modeling method for the serial production line is adopted during the learning process. A reward function
is proposed based on the system production loss evaluation. The algorithm based on the Double Deep QNetwork
is applied to learn the PM policy. Using the simulation study, the learning algorithm is proved
effective in delivering PM policy that leads to an increased throughput and reduced cost. Interestingly,
the learned policy is found to frequently conduct ‘‘group maintenance” and ‘‘opportunistic maintenance”,
although their concepts and rules are not provided during the learning process. This finding further
demonstrates that the problem formulation, the proposed algorithm and the reward function setting
in this paper are effective. Keywords: Preventive maintenance | Production loss | Deep reinforcement learning | Serial production line | Group maintenance | Opportunistic maintenance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Exploring the relationship between quality ambidexterity and sustainable production
کاوش در رابطه بین دوچرخه سواری با کیفیت و تولید پایدار-2020 Organizational sustainability requires production systems improvement and adaptation simultaneously balancing environmental, social and business dimensions. This exploratory study investigates how quality management exploitation and exploration may ambidextrously contribute to support environmentally sustain- able production development. The study uses data collected through an online survey from ISO 9001 certified manufacturing firms. Drawing upon organizational ambidexterity in management literature, and using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the data, we develop a set of propositions that link quality ambidexterity to environmentally sustainable production. Results reveal alternative equifinal configurations of quality management practices that lead to environmentally sustainable production. All configurations combine quality exploration and exploitation practices. The consideration of multiple goals, and especially the requirement for cost efficiency, reveals tensions between the two quality learning modes. The study provides evidence that quality management ambidexterity, the simultaneous presence of quality exploitation and exploration practices, is an important determinant of environmentally sustainable production. The findings provide insights for managers on how to leverage organizational improvement capabilities to achieve sustainability goals. Keywords: Sustainable production | Quality management | Exploitation | Exploration | Ambidexterity | Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
A reliable PUF in a dual function SRAM
PUF قابل اعتماد در SRAM با عملکرد دوگانه-2019 The Internet of Things (IoTs) employs resource-constrained sensor nodes for sensing and processing data that
require robust, lightweight cryptographic primitives. The SRAM Physical Unclonable Function (SRAM-PUF) is
a potential candidate for secure key generation. An SRAM-PUF is able to generate random and unique cryptographic
keys based on start-up values by exploiting intrinsic manufacturing process variations. The reuse of the
available on-chip SRAM memory in a system as a PUF might achieve useful cost efficiency. However, as CMOS
technology scales down, aging-induced Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) becomes more pronounced
resulting in asymmetric degradation of memory bit cells after prolonged storage of the same bit values. This
causes unreliable start-up values for an SRAM-PUF. In this paper, the on-chip memory in the ARM architecture
has been used as a case study to investigate reliability in an SRAM-PUF. We show that the bit probability in
a 32-bit ARM instruction cache has a predictable pattern and hence predictable aging. Therefore, we propose
using an instruction cache as a PUF to save silicon area. Furthermore, we propose a bit selection technique to
mitigate the NBTI effect. We show that this technique can reduce the predicted bit error in an SRAM-PUF from
14.18% to 5.58% over 5 years. Consequently, as the bit error reduces, the area overhead of the error-correction
circuitry is about 6 × smaller compared to that without a bit selection technique. Keywords: Aging | Physical unclonable function | SRAM | Reliability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Comparison of banking innovation in low-income countries: A meta-frontier approach
مقایسه نوآوری بانکی در کشورهای کم درآمد: یک رویکرد فرامرزی-2019 Financial innovation is a crucial factor behind many of the improvements in the financial sector that directly
affect the economy in a positive way. Financial innovation may also alter financial intermediation and increase
reliability and transparency. Research has demonstrated that levels of financial innovation are similar among
high-income countries; however, research has shown that financial development differs substantially in low
income countries regardless of the economic size, suggesting that financial innovation may also differ. This study
evaluated the levels of financial innovation and the determinants of innovation within the low-income countries.
In particular, a new two-step meta-frontier approach was constructed to estimate technology gap ratios, and a
censored model was built to establish their determinants. The results show that low-income countries do in fact
vary greatly in terms of financial innovation. Competition, financial inclusion and banking access constitute
major determinants of financial innovation. Keywords: Financial innovation | Technology gap ratio | Cost efficiency | Stochastic meta-frontier analysis | Low-income countries |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Bank performance in China: A Perspective from Bank efficiency, risk-taking and market competition
عملکرد بانک در چین: دیدگاهی از کارآیی بانک ، ریسک پذیری و رقابت در بازار-2019 The current paper contributes to the empirical literature on bank profitability by testing the jointimpact
of different types of risk, competition in different banking markets and different types of
efficiency on bank profitability using a sample of Chinese commercial banks over the period
2003–2017. In particular, we fill in the gap of the empirical studies by examining the impact of
efficiency on profitability when banks undertake different levels of risk-taking behaviour and
face different degrees of competition. The results show that competition in the Chinese banking
markets (deposit market, loan market and non-interest income market) is stronger over the
period 2003–2005 and also 2014–2017. In addition, it is found that bank size, cost efficiency,
profit efficiency and inflation are significantly related to bank profitability. Finally, we find that
the positive impact of cost efficiency on profitability is stronger when banks undertake higher
levels of risk and face more competition. Keywords: Interest rate liberalization | Bank competition | Bank efficiency | Bank profitability | China |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Market structure, performance, and efficiency: Evidence from the MENA banking sector
ساختار بازار ، عملکرد و کارایی: شواهدی از بخش بانکی MENA-2019 This paper tests four related theories on the relationships among market structure, profitability,
and efficiency using a stochastic frontier analysis and dynamic panel data for 201 banks in Middle
East and North Africa (MENA) countries during the 2005–2012 period. The results show that
neither the structure–conduct–performance hypothesis nor the efficient structure hypothesis holds
in MENA countries. This finding has important implications, meaning that the performance of the
financial sector can be obtained under competitive and efficient conditions without high levels of
concentration. The evidence also supports the relative market power hypothesis, suggesting that
banks with higher market share obtain higher profits by setting higher prices. Furthermore, we
find that cost efficiency has a significant effect on bank profitability, but also there are still highly
concentrated markets in which banks are less profitable and more inefficient, adversely affecting
the competitiveness of the banking system. Keywords: Banking | Market structure | Efficiency | MENA countries | Performance |
مقاله انگلیسی |