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1 |
Backtracking and prospect on LNG supply chain safety
پیگیری و چشم انداز ایمنی زنجیره تامین LNG-2021 The safety issues of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in production, storage, loading/unloading, transportation/ shipping, and re-gasification have became a major concern, since an accident in the LNG industry would be very costly. Understanding the threat of LNG not only contributes to the process safety and reliability in the research and development (R&D) system, but improves the efficiency of loss prevention, fire protection and emergency responses. As of April 2019, in order to obtain the present status and trend of LNG safety research, basing 1122 documents of the Web of Science database about safety research of LNG as a data source, Cite Space and VOS viewer were used for network knowledge map analysis. A comprehensive knowledge map of LNG safety field was obtained from several research aspects including scientific research power, research hot spots and trends, research knowledge base and frontier. According to the study results, the development of LNG safety research was divided into four stages from 1970s to 2019, China and South Korea made a lot of contributions, and the United States is the most influential. Among them, the research from 2005 to 2019 was the most representative. Current research results indicate that a combination of Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology and Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) will fully identify risks; The PHAST and TerEx programs quickly define safety zones. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package can provide ac- curate quantitative data for the study of LNG safety. Research on quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and LNG evaporated gas (BOG) has been a hot topic and trend in this field. The application of expansion foam in LNG accident mitigation covers most of the research content in this field, and the optimization of LNG liquefaction process has a great influence on this industry. As the international demand for LNG energy output increases, floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) will have considerable development, and increasingly researchers attach vital importance to the safety of LNG offshore production integrated unit. Keywords: Liquefied natural gas | Supply chain | Safety | FLNG | CiteSpace | VOS viewer |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Comparison of the impacts of empirical power-law dispersion schemes on simulations of pollutant dispersion during different atmospheric conditions
مقایسه تأثیر برنامه های پراکندگی قانون تجربی قدرت در شبیه سازی پراکندگی آلاینده در شرایط جوی مختلف-2020 Accurate and rapid predictions of air pollutant dispersion are important for effective emergency responses after
sudden air pollution accidents (SAPA). Notably, dispersion parameters (σ) are the key variables that influence the
simulation accuracy of dispersion models. Empirical dispersion schemes based on power-law formulas are
probably appropriate choices for simulations in SAPA because of the requirement for only routine meteorological
data. However, performance comparisons of different schemes are lacking. In this study, the performances during
simulations of air pollutant dispersion of four typical empirical parameterised schemes, i.e. BRIGGS, SMITH,
Pasquill-Gifford, and Chinese National Standard (CNS), were investigated based on the GAUSSIAN plume model
with datasets for the classic Prairie Grass experiments, 1956. The performances when simulating peak and
overall concentrations in different Pasquill atmospheric stability classes (A, B, C, D, E, F) were quantitatively
analysed through different statistical approaches. Results showed that the performances of four schemes for peak
and overall concentrations were basically consistent. Scheme CNS in unstable atmospheric conditions (A, B, and
C) performed significantly better than the others according to performance criteria, which included the lowest
mean of absolute value of fractional biases, lowest normalised mean square errors, and largest mean values of the
fraction within a factor of two when predicting peak and overall concentrations, respectively. Schemes BRIGGS
and P-G exhibited slightly better performances during the neutral condition (D) followed by scheme CNS.
Schemes SMITH and CNS demonstrated slight merits in predicting concentrations compared to the other schemes
during stable conditions (E and F). As a whole, scheme CNS generally performed well for the different atmospheric
stability classes. These analysis results can help to fill in the data gaps and improve our understanding of
the influence of typical power-law function schemes on simulations of air pollutant dispersion. The results are
expected to provide scientific support for air pollution predictions, especially during emergency responses to
SAPA. Keywords: Empirical power-law dispersion schemes | Atmospheric stability | Performance evaluation | Statistical analysis | Emergency response | Sudden air pollution accidents |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Saving the North Atlantic right whale in a changing ocean: Gauging scientific and law and policy responses
نجات نهنگ اقیانوس اطلس شمالی در اقیانوس در حال تغییر: اندازه گیری پاسخ های علمی و قانونی و سیاسی-2020 North Atlantic right whales (NARW) are one of the most endangered marine animals with a global population of
~400 individuals left. Recent climate-driven shifts in distribution have significantly increased their mortality risk
from human activities. After twelve NARWs died in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2017 from fishing gear entanglement
and ship strikes, Canada adopted measures designed to decrease overlap between these whales and
relevant threats. Real-time monitoring of whale distribution combined with dynamic management of shipping
corridors and fishing areas proved to be effective in reducing regional mortality to zero in 2018. Yet, this
complex system was expensive to implement and caused tension with affected sectors. Following stakeholder
consultations, Canada modified the system of static and dynamic measures for the 2019 season. These measures
were less effective and eight observed right whale deaths triggered additional emergency responses. This paper
reviews scientific and legal tools that were used to implement spatial management of NARW and marine activities
between 2017 and 2019. It identifies key legislation that directs the government to protect NARW, such
as the Species at Risk Act (SARA), as well as the regulatory tools under the Fisheries Act and Canada Shipping Act
and discusses weaknesses in the implementation of these legal frameworks that contributed to compromised
outcomes. The paper concludes with recommendations designed to promote recovery and protect endangered
species that may undergo similar changes in distributions and threats under ongoing climate and environmental
change. The need to strengthen the role of Canada’s Species at Risk Act in future conservation efforts is highlighted,
specifically the need to address the effects of climate change in recovery planning and the importance of
expanding critical habitat protections. Keywords: Species at risk | Climate change | Oceans | North Atlantic right whale | Canada |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Risk modelling as a tool to support natural hazard risk management in New Zealand local government
مدلسازی ریسک به عنوان یک ابزار برای حمایت خطر طبیعی مدیریت ریسک در دولت های محلی نیوزیلند-2018 Due to New Zealands exposure and vulnerability to natural hazards, it is important for local government to have
tools that enable effective use of its natural hazard risk information. This paper explores the use of risk modelling
as a tool that can support local government to better understand, manage, and communicate natural hazard risk.
Focus group sessions were held with emergency management and other natural hazard practitioners in councils
across New Zealand to understand their perceptions on the value of risk modelling tools, particularly ‘RiskScape.
While practitioners see the value in the use of risk modelling relating to communication, decision making,
planning and emergency response purposes, they also see a number of challenges. Challenges identified for the
use of risk modelling relate to how emergency management and natural hazard risk is perceived and managed,
issues with connecting information and developing data, and the capability of risk modelling software.
Underlying these challenges is the recognition that while risk modelling can help span the science-policy in
terface, it is the problems with this interface that slow its development. However, with ongoing mutual en
gagement, risk modelling can become an effective tool to communicate natural hazard risk and better inform
natural hazard policy and procedure.
Keywords: Risk modelling ، Natural hazard risk management ، Emergency management ، RiskScape ، Science-policy ، Local government |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
The management of spontaneous volunteers: A successful model from flood emergency in Italy
مدیریت داوطلبان خود به خودی: یک مدل موفقیت آمیز ازاورژانس سیل در ایتالیا -2018 This paper presents an analysis of the management of spontaneous volunteers, mainly led by a local non-profit
organisation, during the flood emergency that occurred in Central Italy in May 2014. The purpose of the study is
to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the aforementioned management, in order to elaborate on a model
that may be developed further through comparisons with other case studies and applications in the context of
other emergencies. This case study reiterates the importance of spontaneous volunteers during emergencies, and
their appropriate management is crucial in achieving an efficient and effective volunteer service, even though it
may be administered by a non-official responder organisation.
In this study, the management of spontaneous volunteers was firstly investigated through a brief literature
review. Thereafter, a case study was modelled by the application of the type zero method of integration defi
nition for function modelling language, and conduct of interviews and surveys. Finally, the built model was
evaluated according to major guides and manuals on this topic. Consequently, the result of the study may be
adopted and utilised by other organisations engaged in similar emergencies. Moreover, it can serve as a starting
point for further research and development of policies and guidelines for emergency response.
Keywords: Spontaneous volunteers ، IDEF0 ، Disaster ، Flood ، Case study ، Management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
ادغام پاسخ های پیشگیرانه و اضطراری برای تقویت انعطاف پذیری شبکه برق
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 13 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 44 تقویت انعطاف پذیری سیستم های قدرت یکی از الزامات اصلی شبکه هوشمند است .در این مقاله، یک چارچوب پاسخ انعطاف پذیری یکپارچه ارائه شده است که نه تنها آگاهی موقعیتی را با ارتقای انعطاف-پذیری مرتبط می کند، بلکه پاسخ های مؤثر و کارآمد را در هر دو وضعیت پیشگیرانه و اضطراری فراهم می کند. هسته چارچوب پیشنهاد شده یک مدل بهینه سازی عددصحیح مختلط قوی دو مرحله ای است که فرمول ریاضی آن در این مقاله ارائه شده است .برای حل مدل فوق، یک الگوریتم مبتنی بر تجزیه تولید ستون و محدودیت تو در تو ارائه شده است، و تکنیک های بهبود کارآیی محاسبات پیشنهاد شده است. پاسخ پیشگیرانه در این مقاله توزیع مجدد ژنراتور و سوئچینگ توپولوژی را در نظر می گیرد، در حالی که پاسخ اضطراری شامل توزیع مجدد ژنراتور، سوئیچینگ توپولوژی و قطع بار است. چندین شبیه سازی عددی اثربخشی چارچوب پیشنهاد شده و کارآیی روش راه حل را اثبات می کنند. یافته های کلیدی عبارتند از: 1) از نظر افزایش انعطاف پذیری شبکه برق، پاسخ انعطاف پذیر یکپارچه به هر دوی پاسخ پیشگیرانه مستقل و پاسخ اضطراری مستقل ترجیح داده می شود. 2) انعطاف پذیری شبکه برق می تواند با استفاده از سوئیچینگ توپولوژی در پاسخ انعطاف پذیر یکپارچه افزایش یابد.
فهرست عبارات: خاموشی | پاسخ اضطراری | توزیع مجدد ژنراتور | پاسخ انعطاف پذیر یکپارچه | قطع بار | بلایای طبیعی | بهینه سازی | پاسخ پیشگیرانه | تعریف انعطاف پذیری | افزایش انعطاف پذیری | وضعیت انعطاف پذیری | بهینه سازی قوی | آگاهی موقعیتی | سوئیچینگ توپولوژی. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
7 |
Earthquakes, exceptional government and extraordinary accounting
زلزله ها، دولت استثنایی و فوق العاده حسابداری-2015 This study examines how a particular set of calculative practices and classification systems
helped to guide the emergency responses to the 2009 earthquake in Abruzzo, Italy.
Accounting classifications worked in tandem with scientific classifications to define the
seismic event as a site for exceptional governance, to demarcate the temporal and spatial
boundaries, and to guide the immediate and subsequent healthcare-related humanitarian
responses. Accounting classification schemes were borrowed and built by the local health
authorities as the federal government made the provision of disaster relief funding contingent on the identification of additional and traceable earthquake-related expenditures. The
analysis also shows the maneuvers that occurred around the accounting classifications as
public healthcare providers attempted to use the classifications to solve day-to-day health
treatment funding problems and the federal government tried to exert control at a distance. The analysis provided both contributes to our understanding of the governance of
these exceptional events and brings to the fore the challenges associated with such
humanitarian responses. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
پیشینه و عوامل تعیینکنندهی بداههسازی یا بداههنوازی در شرکتها
سال انتشار: 2011 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 15 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 33 مورد مطالعاتی Tepco در ژاپن نشان داده است که با وجود تمامی اقدامات برنامهریزی، افزون بر خود برنامهریزی، بداههنوازی یک شیوهی ضروری برای حل مسأله است که توجهات اندکی را در متون و مقالات به خود معطوف نموده است. مطالعات موجود به بررسی ماهیت بداههنوازی گروهی بدون تعیین مشخصههای یک بداههی واحد پرداختهاند. بداههنوازی ممکن است به نتیجهی موفق یا ناموفق منجر شود – درست همانند آنچه برای برنامهریزی داریم. در نتیجه، این مقاله مبتنی بر یک بحث فشرده مرتبط با بداههنوازی در حوزهی موسیقی جهت توصیف و شناسایی ماهیت و پیشینهی بداههنوازی فردی در شرکتها است. بداههنوازی اینگونه تعریف میشود: یک فرایند حل مسأله که بدون نمود جامع انتخابها و پیامدهای آنها آغاز شده و نتایج موقت تحقق برای فرایند حل مسأله از طریق بازخورد همزمان را شامل میشود. براساس تحلیلهای بداههنوازی در موسیقی، رابطهی بازیگر-مسأله، جهتگیری پیوستهی بازیگر و چارچوب کلی شناسایی میشود. درست همانند حوزهی موسیقی، بداههنوازی موفق در شرکتها نیازمند یک روند شایستگی کافی برای مسأله، تجربه، تخصص و در نتیجه تکمیل یک بازهی زمانی درازمدت آموزشی است.
کلیدواژه ها: محدودیتهای برنامهریزی | انعطافپذیری | تصمیمگیری | واکنش اضطراری | شهود. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |