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The politics behind scientific knowledge: Sustainable forest management in Latin America
سیاست پشت دانش علمی: مدیریت جنگل پایدار در آمریکای لاتین-2021 Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) seeks to achieve an equilibrium in the economic, social and environ-
mental value of all types of forests. This practice contrasts with the conventional view of managing forests, in
which the focus is productivity. Thus, discussions about conventional forest management versus sustainable
forest management play a central role in the political and scientific agendas. However, knowledge production
and its direction can be biased by different contextual factors such as the way funding is assigned by each
country, institutional priorities, and constraints on international cooperation. With this paper, we aim to analyze
the contribution of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America within the sustainable forest management
research landscape by applying a literature review method (Scopus database for 2015–2018 period). Our results
show a similar contribution of national and foreign funds and institutions supporting scientific knowledge about
SFM in Latin America. Foreign funding comes mainly from United States of America, and Europe. Latin American
authors lead high proportion of scientific articles, and authorship gender was more equitable between male and
female researchers. The studies were mostly focused on conservation combined with productivity goals, as well
as pure conservation goals, although social studies and restoration goals were also present. Our findings highlight
a significant contribution to the paradigm shift in half of the scientific articles. Some studies provided recom-
mendations (specific or general) derived from their results, but we did not detected a clear relationship with
funding origin. Moreover, we found that the high contribution to the paradigm shift (studies supporting SFM
instead of traditional management) came from institutions based in Latin America. This article aims to contribute
to discussions related to scientific funding in Latin America, the North-South scientific relations, and the future of
forest in times of climate change. keywords: سیاست های جنگلداری | همکاری بین المللی | بررسی ادبیات | منابع طبیعی | تحقیق و توسعه | بودجه پژوهشی | Forestry policies | International cooperation | Literature review | Natural resources | Research and development | Research funding |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Integrating indigenous and local knowledge in management and research on coastal ecosystems in the Global South: A literature review
ادغام دانش بومی و محلی در مدیریت و تحقیقات در مورد اکوسیستم های ساحلی در جنوب جهان: بررسی ادبیات-2021 Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is increasingly recognized as a valuable asset in sustainability science.
Knowledges of Indigenous peoples and local communities is becoming a critical tool for understanding coastal
social-ecological systems and coping with global changes. The inclusion of ILK in research and management is
key to local desirable social-ecological resilience and community-based conservation approaches, especially in
areas with accelerated landscape changes. The Global South in particular is experiencing rapid changes through
development and climate change, while harbouring many biodiversity hotspots. To synthesize the existing in-
formation and highlight still existing research gaps we conducted a systematic literature review on ILK from
coastal ecosystems in the Global South (n = 254). Our results show to which biophysical aspects and ecosystems
the knowledge is related, as well as the challenges and benefits that accompany the inclusion of ILK for man-
agement and research. Main challenges named were based on external forces, such as globalisation and market
pressure but also a lack of integration and respect in governance and management for ILK and the difficulty of
integrating ILK in today’s academic work. Many researchers showed ways to overcome such multi-scale chal-
lenges and highlighted the importance of this process due to the various benefits of ILK for management and
research. All articles reviewed named benefits in ecological (e.g. complementary knowledge production), po-
litical (e.g. support of community-based governance) or socio-cultural (e.g. maintenance of culture and liveli-
hoods) aspects for management and research. Maintaining ILK is crucial for Indigenous people and local
communities and carries insights to govern coastal ecosystems during the challenging times ahead. We conclude
that future research is needed to further develop the current position of ILK in research and management of
ecosystems, especially as global environmental changes may contribute to the acceleration of losing ILK from
coastal ecosystems in the Global South. keywords: تغییرات اقلیمی | مردم بومی و جوامع محلی | اکوسیستم های دریایی | سیستم های اجتماعی محیطی | علم پایداری | Climate change | Indigenous peoples and local communities | Marine ecosystems | Social-ecological systems | Sustainability science |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Periphery and centre in comparative perspective: Opportunities for accounting praxis
پیرامون و مرکز در دیدگاه تطبیقی: فرصتهایی برای عمل حسابداری-2021 In their paper On the Centrality of Peripheral Research and the Dangers of Tight Boundary
Objects, the authors call for a more ambitious accounting research programme. However,
their call whilst is difficult is also perhaps hard to pin down. The article needs to be
disseminated and debated, because it crystalizes for accounting research a fundamental
moral position in knowledge production within a liberal capitalist society. As such.
Different perspectives and indeed voices should be included and a certain egalitarianism
sponsored. In a liberal capitalist society this is a good in itself (Rawls, 2009; Appiah,
2017). Surely many would argue this is the role indeed the essence of the University?
We readily take up the paper’s invitation and are gratified by the professionalism and
commitment of the authors. Accounting scholarship, like all parts of liberal capitalist
society, requires constant vigilance and reform to approximate these liberal ideas of
voice, inclusion, and equal participation. However, the paper is not merely for a liberal
position ought to be. Rather the authors also insist that including voices from the
periphery will lead to better scholarship. In other words, they argue that peripheral
research possesses an intrinsic characteristic that can alter and improve accounting
research. In this reply, we will set aside what makes it hard to resist – its appeal to a
level playing field, fairness, inclusion, voice – and try to isolate this stronger claim if not
for the superiority of peripheral scholarship, then at least for its salutary effects on
central scholarship.
keywords: روش شناسی | تحقیقات محیطی و مرکزی | مطالعات توسعه | جنگ های فرهنگی | Methodology | Peripheral and Central Research | Development Studies | Culture wars |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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When salient science is not enough to advance climate change adaptation: Lessons from Brazil and Australia
وقتی علم برجسته برای پیشبرد سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوا کافی نیست: درسهایی از برزیل و استرالیا-2020 Increased social and environmental vulnerability to extreme climatic events and inherent aggravation of environmental
and social problems has placed climate change adaptation as an urgent challenge for decisionmakers.
Understanding and using climate change information to advance the implementation of climate-friendly
policies further compounds this challenge. A rich scholarly literature focusing on climate change adaptation
endorses that investing in mechanisms that narrow the gap between climate change information production and
its use is crucial to increase adaptive capacity. Based on this assumption, this paper investigates the extent to
which two collaborative projects that functioned as boundary organisations in Brazil (CiAdapta project) and
Australia (Climate Change Adaptation for Natural Resource Management in East Coast Australia) increased
access to information, and enabled the continual and continuous usefulness of produced knowledge for climate
change adaptation. Considering the distinction between usable and useful information, we applied six criteria to
guide the data analysis and extract key lessons from each project. Our findings confirm that face-to-face interactions
are more likely to result in research having the societal impact that is being increasingly required by
research and funding bodies. Our findings also indicate that two key systemic changes are critical for the longterm
influence of boundary organisations for advancing climate change adaptation. These include changes to the
science, knowledge production process; and shift in the political culture. Keywords: Boundary organisation | Cities | Natural resources management | Knowledge co-production | Adaptive capacity |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Researching Pure Digital Entrepreneurship – A Multimethod Insider Action Research approach
تحقیق در مورد کارآفرینی دیجیتالی خالص - یک رویکرد تحقیقات خود عملی چند منظوره -2019 Knowledge production in Pure Digital Entrepreneurship (PDE) needs to reflect the non-linear
nature of a journey defined by digital artifact and platform creation. Accordingly, this paper
proposes and offers practical guidance on the use of Multimethod Insider Action Research
(MIAR) as a suitable research design for studying the entrepreneurial journey in this context. It
argues for integrating first-person Reflective Practice, second-person Collaborative Inquiry and
Design Research for third-person knowledge production that balances rigour and relevance.
While calls for such forms of longitudinal process inquiry have largely gone unanswered due to
identified challenges, this paper uses a case narrative to illustrate the feasibility of conducting
them in a PDE context. Keywords: Digital entrepreneurship | Multimethod | Insider Action Research | Design research |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Legal mobilization in medicine: Nurses, rape kits, and the emergence of forensic nursing in the United States since the 1970s
بسیج حقوقی در پزشکی: پرستاران ، کیت های تجاوز جنسی و ظهور پرستاری پزشکی قانونی در ایالات متحده از دهه 1970-2019 Routine administration of the sexual assault medical forensic exam (commonly known as the “rape kit”) is one of
the most significant healthcare reforms advanced by the U.S. anti-rape movement since the 1970s. To promote
reform, nurses acted as practitioner-activists in emergency medicine and created the new specialty of forensic
nursing to administer the medical forensic exam independent of physicians. Their efforts suggest a new way of
conceptualizing the interface of law and medicine: the proactive invocation of criminal law in clinical medicine
for the purpose of institutional reform in healthcare organizations, or what I term legal mobilization in medicine.
Using the framework of legal mobilization in medicine, I ask: (1) how did nurses mobilize criminal law and
rights to health in emergency medicine to facilitate reform? and (2) what were the effects on clinical practice and
knowledge production? To chart this history, I draw on a review of published writings by early forensic nurses,
interviews with leaders in the field, and ethnographic observation at the 20th anniversary International
Association of Forensic Nurses conference in 2012, commemorating the founders and origins of this new specialty.
Bringing together scholarship on law and social movements in socio-legal studies and scholarship on
health and social movements in science, technology, and medicine studies, I argue that nurses forged a porous
boundary between the overlapping institutional spheres of medicine and law in order to align the objectives of
medical care and criminal investigation and, thereby, seek rights to healthcare and rights to justice for patientvictims
through the enactment of new medical routines. I demonstrate the historical emergence of a novel,
hybrid form of professional jurisdiction and medical practice, and I explore its benefits as well as its unintended
consequences. I conclude by discussing the ethical implications of this case for the use of medical evidence to
corroborate rape. Keywords: United States | Forensic nursing | Rape kit | Sexual assault medical forensic exam | Legal mobilization in medicine |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Unsupervised by any other name: Hidden layers of knowledge production in artificial intelligence on social media
بدون نظارت با هر نام دیگری: لایه های پنهان تولید دانش در هوش مصنوعی در رسانه های اجتماعی-2019 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of different machine learning models is applied to Big Data as a way to turn data into
valuable knowledge. The rhetoric is that ensuing predictions work well—with a high degree of autonomy and automation. We argue that we need to analyze the process of applying machine learning in depth and highlight at what point
human knowledge production takes place in seemingly autonomous work. This article reintroduces classification theory
as an important framework for understanding such seemingly invisible knowledge production in the machine learning
development and design processes. We suggest a framework for studying such classification closely tied to different steps
in the work process and exemplify the framework on two experiments with machine learning applied to Facebook data
from one of our labs. By doing so we demonstrate ways in which classification and potential discrimination take place in
even seemingly unsupervised and autonomous models. Moving away from concepts of non-supervision and autonomy
enable us to understand the underlying classificatory dispositifs in the work process and that this form of analysis
constitutes a first step towards governance of artificial intelligence.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence | machine learning | classification | social media| Facebook | discrimination | bias |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Data structuring—Organizing and curating digital traces into action
ساختارسازی داده-سازماندهی و ساختن آثار دیجیتال در عمل-2018 Digital transformations and processes of ‘‘datafication’’ fundamentally reshape how information is produced, circulated
and given meaning. In this article, we provide a concept of ‘‘datastructuring’’ which seeks to capture this reshaping as
both a product of and productive of social activity. To do this we focus on (1) how new forms of social action map onto
and are enabled by technological changes related to datafication, and (2) how new forms of datafied social action
constitute a form of knowledge production which becomes embedded in technologies themselves. We illustrate the
potential of the datastructuring concept with empirical examples which also serve to highlight some new avenues for
research and some empirical questions to explore further. We suggest a focus on datastructuring can ignite scholarly
debates across disciplines that may share an interest in the technological configurations, sorting activities, and other
socio-material forces that shape digital spaces, but which are rarely brought together. Such cross-disciplinary conceptualizations may give more attention to how information is structured and organized, becomes ‘‘algorithmically recognizable’’, and emerges as (in)visible in digital, datafied spaces. Such a concept, we suggest, may help us better understand
the novel ways in which ‘‘backstage datawork’’ and ‘‘data sorting processes’’ gain traction in political interventions,
commercial processes, and social ordering.
Keywords: Datafication | infrastructures | platforms | knowledge production | content moderation | social ordering |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A Conceptual Frame Using ‘Knowledge’ As a Lens for Deconstructing the Sendai Framework Priority 1: Understanding Disaster Risks
یک قاب مفهومی با استفاده از "دانش" به عنوان یک لنز برای تخریب اولویت چارچوب ارسالی 1: درک خطرات فاجعه-2018 Following increases in the frequency and magnitude of disasters over the past decades, continuous knowledge production and dissemination has become a crucial pathway for understanding disaster risks. The Sendai Framework provides guidance for various levels of governance and well lays emphasis on managing ‘disaster risks’. While a great deal of existing scholarship has contributed immensely to proactive participation of key players in the public and private sectors, the interpretation of knowledge produced by academia and professional organizations that aids in better understanding for ease of planning and implementation becomes a challenging and rigorous task. The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual framework that simplifies the interpretation of ‘knowledge creation’ and ‘knowledge dissemination’ connecting the Sendai priority one focus and requisite actions for disaster risk reduction at local, national, global and regional levels. The intended outcome is to better enhance understanding using ‘knowledge’ as a lens for key players and stakeholders involved in disaster risk reduction activities. This is achieved through the review of the role of knowledge and knowledge management literature for understanding disaster risks and utilizes an exploratory approach to further create a theoretical linkage with the focus of the Sendai Framework. The paper suggests that appropriate and continuous interpretation of knowledge created and disseminated has the propensity to stimulate and assist in achieving improved disaster risk reduction outcomes and judicious harnessing of resources required for achieving such tasks. The limitation of this paper is that it utilizes a knowledge lens to achieve its aim while acknowledging that other lenses can be used to provide better understanding and clarity of the subject matter.
Keywords : Sendai Framework ، Knowledge ، Disaster risk reduction ، Interpretation ، Knowledge creation ، Knowledge dissemination |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Diplomacy and audit: Technologies of knowledge in Europe
دیپلماسی و حسابرسی: فن آوری دانش در اروپا-2016 This article investigates diplomatic knowledge production in Europe—mostly in European Union institu- tions but also in the member states—to probe the role of audit culture in that professional field. Diplomatic knowledge refers to the knowledge about places that is produced by career diplomats; audit culture refers to a form of regulatory power that shapes thought and action through the continuous application of measurable standards. Empirically, the analysis draws from nearly one hundred interviews with policy professionals, mostly but not exclusively in Brussels, to examine the play of qualitative and intangible skills in diplomatic work. Conceptually, it foregrounds the growing impact of audit in that sphere. I observe the narratives of efficiency, economy, and flexibility in European diplomacy, and I highlight tensions around the value of different forms of knowledge in the profession. By foregrounding the intellectual and creative facets of diplomatic work and by examining the impact of audit culture on the profession, the article helps us understand how diplomats produce knowledge about the world. It thereby enriches geographical scholarship on geopolitical knowledge and policy processes.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Diplomacy | Audit | Bureaucracy | Geopolitical knowledge | Policy | Europe |
مقاله انگلیسی |