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Agility and system documentation in large-scale enterprise system projects: a knowledge management perspective
چابکی و اسناد سیستم در پروژه های سیستم سازمانی در مقیاس بزرگ: دیدگاه مدیریت دانش-2021 The growth of the agile approach usage comes with a deemphasis on formal documentation (explicit knowledge) and an increased
reliance on personal interactions (tacit knowledge) for knowledge transfer. However, the sharing of tacit knowledge poses
challenges. The agile approach is prone to knowledge hoarding, as well as knowledge loss from employee turnover and
reassignment during periods of significant organizational changes. This study proposes a model that frames documentation and
personal interactions as co-agents of system knowledge transfer. We report the preliminary confirmation of crucial antecedents
along the dimensions of codification and personalization strategies to support our model. We present a set of findings on current
practices, as well as a set of knowledge-sharing issues on system documentation based on three main categories. The first category
incorporates system development approaches applied in large-scale enterprise systems projects. The second and the third categories
comprise eight knowledge management themes, classified into the dimensions of personalization and codification for knowledge
sharing and document practices. Finally, we put forward five propositions based on our findings.
Keywords: Agile system implementation | system documentation | system knowledge | tacit knowledge | explicit knowledge | knowledge sharing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Organizational knowledge in the I4:0 using BPMN: a case study
دانش سازمانی در I4:0 با استفاده از BPMN: مطالعه موردی-2021 expert operators is not transferred quickly and easily to newly arrived operators. This sharing of knowledge could help in the faster
adaptation of humans to workstations and could bring the more agile accommodation of artificial intelligence techniques to allow
the self-learning. The Business Process Management (BPM) is a technique which enables the representation and analysis of
processes, has been already mention in the literature as a useful tool that can facilitate the Knowledge Management. A process
repository can be accomplished with BPM, thus promoting agile and fast knowledge transfer in a context where new skills emerge
and must be quickly taken up. This paper intends to show the development of the working instructions maps, with workers’ tacit
knowledge, using the BPMN 2.0, in a chemical industry. This representation allowed the creation of a knowledge’s repository
which will help the company (in a I4.0 environment) to deal with the most existing workforce rotation, thus preserving most of the
knowledge within the company itself.
© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: Knowledge Management | Industry 4.0 | Business Process Management | BPMN 2.0 | Organizational Knowledge |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Knowledge management and humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific: Practices, challenges, and future pathways
مدیریت دانش و سازمان های بشردوستانه در آسیا و اقیانوس آرام: شیوه ها، چالش ها و مسیرهای آینده-2021 While there is growing recognition amongst humanitarians that knowledge sharing and exchange are essential
components of organisational efficiency and effectiveness, knowledge management processes in many human-
itarian organisations are still inadequate. The review of knowledge management and international relations
literature reveals limited research on the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations. This article aims to
start filling this research gap by examining the use of explicit and tacit knowledge transfer in the humanitarian
sector in the Asia-Pacific. It points to the embryonic stage of knowledge management and the reliance on tacit
knowledge management consistent with the early stage of sector professionalization in the region. It reviews and
analyses existing scholarly literature and manuals and draws on fieldwork interviews with key humanitarian
personnel that primarily focus on natural hazards. The findings suggest institutional memory in the humanitarian
sector remains ad hoc with limited long-term capture. There is a broad tendency in the region to rely on tacit
knowledge transfer – interpersonal relationships and informal decision-making – as the dominant knowledge
management practice. This reliance challenges knowledge management at the institutional level and indicates a
weakness in the institutional memory of humanitarian organisations in the region. Our research raises questions
about how to improve knowledge management practices within humanitarian organisations in the Asia-Pacific
with significant implications for the sector more generally. A recalibration of tacit and explicit knowledge
management would build institutional memory in humanitarian organisations. This requires a dual-track
approach with codified documentation of experiences and greater emphasis on an institutional culture of
knowledge sharing. keywords: آسیا و اقیانوسیه | حافظه نهادی | مدیریت بحران | مدیریت دانش | امور بشردوستانه | حکومت | Asia-pacific | Institutional memory | disaster management | Knowledge management | Humanitarian affairs | governance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Knowledge management and natural disaster preparedness: A systematic literature review and a case study of East Lombok, Indonesia
مدیریت دانش و آمادگی برای بلایای طبیعی: مروری بر ادبیات سیستماتیک و مطالعه موردی شرق لومبوک، اندونزی-2021 Disaster impacts can be significantly reduced with disaster preparedness. Knowledge management is one of the
building blocks of disaster preparedness. This paper comprehends the current state of the literature on knowl-
edge management in community preparedness towards natural disasters. The paper identifies and develops a
categorization of community-related knowledge management in disaster preparedness using a systematic liter-
ature review. Subsequently, the categorization is utilized in a case study to determine if community-related
knowledge management in the preparedness phase can improve communities’ responses in the event of natu-
ral disasters. The case study was conducted in the Lombok Island community of Indonesia, which experienced
two major earthquakes in mid-2018 and early 2019. The results show that knowledge transfer and creation
towards and among the Lombok community increased after the mid-2018 earthquake. Consequently, the com-
munity was better able to respond to the early-2019 earthquake. Better disaster preparedness activity designs are
crucial in attracting participation and motivating residents to be more prepared. keywords: عملیات بشردوستانه | مرحله آمادگی | مدیریت دانش | فاجعه با شروع ناگهانی | زمین لرزه | Humanitarian operations | Preparedness phase | Knowledge management | Sudden-onset disaster | Earthquake |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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How to foster scientific knowledge integration in coastal management
چگونه یکپارچه سازی دانش علمی را در مدیریت ساحلی پرورش دهیم-2021 Development of science-based coastal policies and strategies that effectively cope with coastal change and risk
requires transfer of scientific knowledge beyond the scientific community, and its integration in management
processes. However, scientists frequently convey their message to non-specialized audiences resourcing to their
own empirical experience, often leading to a high effort - low efficiency process.
This paper aims to propose a simple conceptual model to guide scientists in the process of knowledge transfer,
focusing on whom and how, and promoting the efficiency of both the science dissemination process and inte-
gration of scientific knowledge in management of coastal land and risk. The model proposed herein aims to guide
scientists to actively pursue the goal of transferring their knowledge to policymakers and managers besides
layman society, and is essentially based upon a review and integration of previous work.
We argue that selection of the most efficient scientific knowledge transfer mechanism (outreach, crowdsourcing
tools, managers-oriented tools or co-production) should be based following careful consideration of level of
engagement with the audience, and take into consideration political and social contexts. The level of engagement
also controls the amount of effort involved in message framing, and the nature and robustness of the feedback
from the target audience. The model acknowledges that communication strategy must be thought on a case-by-
case basis and ranks the proportion of effort distributed between message deliverer (framing) and receiver
(engagement) implicit in each transfer mechanism. This helps to select the most adequate mechanism and op-
timizes knowledge transfer efforts. In addition, it highlights the importance of encouraging scientists to develop
message framing skills and to acknowledge the benefits of engaging with others. keywords: انتقال دانش | نامزدی | تماس با ما | crowdsourcing | ابزار مدیریت گرا | تولید مشترک | Knowledge transfer | Engagement | Outreach | Crowdsourcing | Management-oriented tools | Co-production |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Managing global knowledge transfer: Inpatriate manager embeddedness and firm innovation
مدیریت انتقال دانش جهانی: تعبیه مدیر داخلی و نوآوری شرکت-2021 The purpose of this study is to explore the role of tacit knowledge transfer in a particular type of global manager -
the inpatriate manager who is typically relocated from the MNC’s subsidiary to headquarter. To do so, we draw
on social embeddedness theory. Our paper suggests that if an inpatriate manager becomes embedded within the
MNCs headquarter, tacit knowledge transfer will occur resulting in innovative practices and a global mindset
within the MNCs headquarters. This study takes the unique approach of studying the barriers that inpatriate
managers face in the transfer of tacit knowledge and highlights the role of human resources in facilitating the
transfer of knowledge across the MNC. The paper articulates the implications for policy and practice and a future
research agenda. keywords: مدیریت دانش | مدیر خارج از کشور | دانش ضمنی | توانایی دانش | Knowledge management | Inpatriate manager | Tacit knowledge | Knowledge capability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
The effects of subsidiary?s leadership and entrepreneurship on international marketing knowledge transfer and new product development
تأثیرات رهبری فرعی و کارآفرینی در انتقال دانش بین المللی بازاریابی و توسعه محصول جدید-2021 This study investigates the role of a strong subsidiary leadership and entrepreneurial culture in the promotion of
marketing knowledge inflows. We further examine their consequences on the subsidiary’s ability to develop new
products when moderated by the tacitness of knowledge. The data were collected from 202 Portuguese sub-
sidiaries of multinational corporations and were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation
modelling to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that subsidiaries’ strong leadership support and entre-
preneurial culture are fundamental mechanisms that foster marketing knowledge inflows from both the head-
quarters and peer subsidiaries. Moreover, marketing knowledge inflows enhance the focal subsidiary’s
innovation abilities. We also find that tacit knowledge exerts contradictory moderating effects on the transfers of
marketing knowledge, carrying distinct implications for a subsidiary’s knowledge management. The results
expand our understanding of the effectiveness of transferring marketing knowledge among multinational cor-
porations’ (MNCs) subsidiaries. keywords: دانش بازاریابی | شرکت تابعه | رهبری | کارآفرینی | تنگی | توسعه محصول جدید | Marketing knowledge | Subsidiary | Leadership | Entrepreneurship | Tacitness | New product development |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Organizational integration mechanisms and knowledge transfer effectiveness in MNCs: The moderating role of cross-national distance
مکانیسم های ادغام سازمانی و اثربخشی انتقال دانش در شرکت های چند ملیتی: نقش تعدیل کننده فاصله بین المللی-2021 Building on the knowledge-based view of the firm, this study investigates the usefulness of two
organizational integration mechanisms (i.e., formal inter-unit communication and informal
connectedness and shared values) to effectively transfer knowledge between MNC units and ex-
plores how their effectiveness is affected by different dimensions of cross-national distance. Data
on 131 knowledge transfer relationships between units of five Spanish MNCs were used to test the
hypotheses. Results reveal that, although both mechanisms are positively associated with
knowledge transfer effectiveness, the effect of formal inter-unit communication is comparatively
higher. Moreover, this formal integration mechanism seems to work independently of the type of
distance that separates the units involved in the transfer. By contrast, the effectiveness of informal
integration mechanisms is influenced by economic, geographic and administrative dimensions of
distance. Adopting a contingent perspective, and taking into account the multidimensional
character of cross-national distance, this article contributes to the literature on knowledge
management in international firms by showing which organizational integration mechanisms are
more useful to transfer knowledge within MNCs depending on the type of distance that separate
their units. keywords: انتقال دانش | شرکت های چند ملیتی (MNCs) | مکانیسم های ادغام سازمانی | فاصله بین المللی | Knowledge transfer | Multinational corporations (MNCs) | Organizational integration mechanisms | Cross-national distance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Micro-foundations of organizational ambidexterity in the context of cross-border mergers and acquisitions
مبانی خرد دوسویه سازمانی در زمینه ادغام و ادغام مرزی-2020 Micro-foundational approaches can enable firms to develop organizational ambidexterity, which is critical to
long-term prosperity. However, to date, few studies have examined how mergers and acquisitions (M&
A)—processes reliant on knowledge transfer—provide a useful organizational context through which to understand the achievement of organizational ambidexterity. Considering organizational ambidexterity from the
viewpoint of exploitative and explorative innovation, we examine how behavioral contexts (corporate entrepreneurship) and structure (integration) regulate knowledge transfer activities at the micro-foundational and
firm levels within a cross-border M&A context. Analysis of 143 cross-border M&As completed by United
Kingdom (UK) acquiring firms revealed that: (1) knowledge sharing between the acquirer and the acquired leads
to organizational ambidexterity; (2) increased use of the acquired targets capabilities has a negative effect on
organizational ambidexterity; (3) overall, capability sharing is positively related to organizational ambidexterity; (4) corporate entrepreneurship has both negative and positive moderating effects (on use of the acquired targets capabilities and capability sharing, respectively), while integration positively moderates the effects of knowledge sharing on organizational ambidexterity.
Keywords: Micro-foundations | Organizational ambidexterity | Corporate entrepreneurship | Merger and acquisitions | Capabilities Knowledge sharing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Learning from abroad: An interdisciplinary exploration of knowledge transfer in the transport domain
یادگیری از خارج از کشور: کاوش میان رشته ای در انتقال دانش در حوزه حمل و نقل-2020 A growing body of work conceptualizes study visits or study tours as a tool to accelerate policy transfer of, for example, best practices. Participation in study tours appears increasingly common for city management and decision makers involved in transportation policy. This paper extends current research to explore how knowledge gained from study tours transfers to an organizational or inter-organizational level. We aim to generate insights about specific characteristics of study tours that facilitate knowledge transfer. To do so, this study conceptualizes study tours as “trainings”, borrowing concepts and metrics from human resource development (HRD) literature on “learning transfer”. We employ a mixed-method approach. A survey was conducted (n = 109) with US-based city management and officials who participated in study tours on cycling policies. Results demonstrate four influential characteristics of study tours: individual learning, leadership participation, knowledge integration activities, and positive group dynamics. In-depth interviews (n = 15) suggest nuances of these mechanisms. The paper concludes with a reflection of how transportation organizations learn from study tours. Keywords: Knowledge transfer | Study tours | Cycling | Transport policy | Capacity building |
مقاله انگلیسی |