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Resilient regional food supply chains and rethinking the way forward: Key takeaways from the COVID-19 pandemic
زنجیره های تأمین مواد غذایی منطقه ای انعطاف پذیر و بازنگری در مسیر پیش رو: اقداماتی اساسی از بیماری همه گیر COVID-19-2021 Context: The U.S. food supply system relies heavily on vertically-integrated food supply chains (FSCs), which leverage large-scale production, streamlined operations, and centralized planning and control to provide consumers with a consistent supply of food. However, these FSCs were seriously disrupted upon the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. During the height of the crisis, they were slow to respond to production system failures and sudden and widespread changes in consumer demand. By contrast, many regionalized food supply chains (RFSCs) proved to be adaptive and responsive to changes in demand and delivery requirements, quickly pivoting to distribute products directly to consumers safely.
Objective: The objective of this research is to explore how RFSCs can improve the resilience of the U.S. food supply system in the face of large-scale disruptions like the COVID-19 crisis. In particular, this research seeks to gain a greater understanding of how RFSCs can leverage logistics best practices for efficient and reliable distribution to consumers in normal times and during disasters. Methods: This study presents seven case studies of RFSCs in Texas and Iowa that adopted logistics best practices to enable them to provide their customers with convenient and safe purchasing mechanisms during the COVID- 19 emergency. A description of how the strategies adopted by each participant promote the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development goals is provided. Results and conclusions: The successes experienced by these farmers and distributors at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic were a consequence of their willingness to adopt new distribution and logistics strategies. Collaboration among RFSC actors was a particularly effective strategy, as well as the adoption of scale- appropriate information and communication technologies, which helped to facilitate collaboration. Further, these case studies demonstrate how improved logistics performance allowed RFSCs to contribute to the health and well-being of their communities in a time of need. Significance: These case studies demonstrate the potential of RFSCs to support a resilient and socially-sustainable food system that communities can rely on, even in the face of a major disruption like COVID-19. The adoption of logistics best practices helped these RFSCs to develop new organizational strengths that will likely support sustainable development in their communities after the crisis ends. Keywords: UN Sustainable Development Goals | Regional food supply chains | Resilience | COVID-19 | Logistics best practices | Case studies |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Constructing a paraphrase database for agglutinative languages
ساخت یک پایگاه داده پارافراس برای زبان های امیخته-2017 Paraphrase databases (PPDBs) are valuable resources for applications that use natural language
processing (NLP) technology. In order to construct a high-quality PPDB for agglutinative
languages, we propose a phrasal paraphrase extraction method; namely, affix modification-based
bilingual pivoting method (AMBPM). AMBPM is suitable for agglutinative languages because it
addresses the problems of lexical data sparsity and of not considering morphological word
structure. In addition, we propose “improved AMBPM”, which is an improvement on AMBPM by
addressing the problem of extracting incorrect stem paraphrase pairs caused by low semantic
content stems (LSCSs) by using a rule-based filtering approach. In our experiments on AMBPM,
we evaluate AMBPM and compare two state-of-the-art paraphrase extraction methods: the
syntactic constraints-based bilingual pivoting method (SCBPM) and word embedding method.
In the experiments on improved AMPBM, we evaluate our method and compare the resulting
PPDB with four types of databases; PPDB constructed by using the original AMBPM, two PPDBs
constructed by using two types of word-embedding-based methods (stem embedding and phrase
embedding), and an existing thesaurus. The comparison is performed by using two NLP
applications: sentential paraphrase generation and a question answering (QA) system. The
experimental results demonstrate that, AMBPM outperforms the state-of-the-art paraphrase
extraction methods. In addition, the improved AMBPM, which uses a rule-based filtering
method, significantly improves AMBPM. Moreover, although a small amount of training data
was used with no aid from linguistic resources, the PPDB constructed with the improved
AMBPM is more useful than the four databases for the agglutinative language used in our study.
We also publicized the Korean PPDB that was constructed using the improved AMBPM.
Keywords: Affix modification-based bilingual pivoting | method | Paraphrase database | Text mining | Paraphrase generation | Question-answering systems |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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چرخشها در استارتآپ: عوامل اثرگذار بر نوآوری مدل کسب و کار در استارتآپها
سال انتشار: 2014 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 19 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 29 چرخش یعنی نوآوری مدل کسب و کار در استارتآپ یک مسألهی مهم برای شرکتهای جوان است، چراکه احتمال اینکه استارتآپها نخست یک مدل کسب و کار ایجاد کنند که بلافاصله بدون هیچگونه خطایی در محیط با عدم قطعیت زیاد کار کند، اغلب بسیار کم است. اگرچه برای استارتآپها به خاطر چابک بودنشان اجرای یک مدل جدید کسب و کار، آسانتر است، اما آنها اغلب به خاطر محدودیت منابع مالی، تنها یک فرصت برای چرخش دارند. با بکارگیری یک رویکرد مطالعهی موردی چندگانهی اکتشافی، 6 عامل اثرگذار بر فرایند چرخش در استارتآپها شناسایی شدند. این عوامل عبارتند از: (1) نقش بنیانگذاران، (2) توسعهی پایدار BM، (3) پول نقد و تأمین مالی، (4) شرایط بازار، (5) امور مالی کسب و کار، (6) فناوری جدید. تأثیر این عوامل کلیدی بر فرایند چرخش شرکت مورد مطالعه، بررسی شده است. در مجموع، پژوهش ما بر اهمیت محرکهای شناساییشده و عوامل اثرگذار برای یک چرخش موفق تمرکز دارد.
کلیدواژه ها: نوآوری مدل کسب و کار | چرخش | استارتآپها | پژوهش مطالعهی موردی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |