با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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Public perceptions on artificial intelligence driven disaster management: Evidence from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane
ادراکات عمومی در مورد مدیریت فاجعه مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی: شواهدی از سیدنی، ملبورن و بریزبن-2021 In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly utilised in disaster management
activities. The public is engaged with AI in various ways in these activities. For instance,
crowdsourcing applications developed for disaster management to handle the tasks of collecting
data through social media platforms, and increasing disaster awareness through serious gaming
applications. Nonetheless, there are limited empirical investigations and understanding on public
perceptions concerning AI for disaster management. Bridging this knowledge gap is the justification for this paper. The methodological approach adopted involved: Initially, collecting data
through an online survey from residents (n = 605) of three major Australian cities; Then, analysis
of the data using statistical modelling. The analysis results revealed that: (a) Younger generations
have a greater appreciation of opportunities created by AI-driven applications for disaster management; (b) People with tertiary education have a greater understanding of the benefits of AI in
managing the pre- and post-disaster phases, and; (c) Public sector administrative and safety
workers, who play a vital role in managing disasters, place a greater value on the contributions by
AI in disaster management. The study advocates relevant authorities to consider public perceptions in their efforts in integrating AI in disaster management.
keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) | Disaster management | Disaster preparedness | Disaster response | Disaster recovery | Public perception |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Public beliefs about the accuracy and importance of forensic evidence in the United States
اعتقادات عمومی درباره صحت و اهمیت شواهد پزشکی قانونی در ایالات متحده-2020 Recent advances in forensic science, especially the use of DNA technology, have revealed that faulty forensic
analyses may have contributed to miscarriages of justice. In this study we build on recent research on the general
public’s perceptions of the accuracy of 10 forensic science techniques and of each stage in the investigation
process. We find that individuals in the United States hold a pessimistic view of the forensic science investigation
process, believing that an error can occur about half of the time at each stage of the process. We find that
respondents believe that forensics are far from perfect, with accuracy rates ranging from a low of 55% for voice
analysis to a high of 83% for DNA analysis, with most techniques being considered between 65% and 75%
accurate. Nevertheless, respondents still believe that forensic evidence is a key part of a criminal case, with
nearly 30% of respondents believing that the absence of forensic evidence is sufficient for a prosecutor to drop
the case and nearly 40% believing that the presence of forensic evidence – even if other forms of evidence
suggest that the defendant is not guilty – is enough to convict the defendant. Keywords: forensic science | forensic evidence | CSI effect | public perceptions |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Under siege?: Assessing public perceptions of the “War on Police”
تحت محاصره ؟: ارزیابی ادراک عمومی از "جنگ با پلیس"-2020 Purpose: A number of high-profile killings of police officers has occurred throughout the United States since
2014. These killings have led some police executives, politicians, and political commentators to suggest that a
“war on police” is taking place. This narrative persists to the present day, although little is known regarding how
the public perceives this phenomenon. The current study draws from theoretical perspectives on media consumption,
institutional trust, and political orientations to understand these perceptions.
Methods: Using a national sample of American adults, a series of OLS regressions are used to examine correlates
of public perceptions of the “war on police.”
Results: Perceptions of the “war on police” are fairly pervasive. Political conservatism and trust in the police are
both significantly, positively associated with these perceptions, while media consumption has inconsistent effects
on perceptions. Findings from sensitivity analyses are consistent with those from the OLS models.
Conclusions: Findings highlight the relevance of multiple theoretical perspectives for understanding public
perceptions of criminal justice-related political narratives. Further exploring linkages between perceptions of
these contemporary narratives and policy preferences is necessary. Keywords: Mass media | Political orientations | Public perceptions | Trust in Police | War on police |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Public perceptions of the European power hierarchy and support for a single European security and defense policy
درک عمومی از سلسله مراتب قدرت اروپا و پشتیبانی از یک سیاست امنیتی و دفاعی واحد اروپایی-2019 Many studies focus on overall support for European integration while less work has beendone on explaining public opinion on specific policy areas, such as security and defensepolicy. We hypothesize that the probability of supporting a single European security anddefense policy increases with greater levels of trust in the European Union member states,most notably the more powerful members such as Germany. This variable is critical sinceintegration’s development is influenced strongly by, and dependent on, the resources ofthe relatively more powerful European member states. Regression analyses using pooledrepeated cross-sectional data from the Eurobarometer surveys conducted from 1992 to 1997among individuals of 11 member states largely support these preliminary claim Keywords:European integration | Common security and defense policy | Trust | Citizen support | Public attitudes | European power hierarchya |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The role and nature of consent in government administrative data
نقش و ماهیت رضایت در داده های اداری دولتی-2018 This article draws on research undertaken by the authors as part of the Administrative Data Research Centre in England
(ADRC-E). Between 2014 and 2017, we conducted four case studies on government administrative data for education,
transport, energy and health. The purpose of the research was to examine stakeholder perspectives about the sharing,
linking and re-use (secondary use) of government administrative data. In relation to the role and nature of consent given
by data subjects for re-use, our study revealed significant variations in data provider and researcher attitudes. Although
our study setting was England, we believe that the findings have wider resonance. Our analysis identified six factors which
might account for the variations around consent: the specificities of the legislative framework governing the collection
and processing of particular data; the type of data being collected and the relational context in which it is created; the
broader information governance framework in which the data resides; the creating organization’s approach to data
release; the relative levels of risk aversity within the creating organization; and public perceptions and social attitudes. In
conclusion, we consider whether consent is still the best mechanism available for data re-use, or whether a social
contract model of data sharing should be developed.
Keywords: Administrative data | consent | privacy | information governance | data protection | open data |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Pharmacists perceptions of professionalism on social networking sites
ادراک داروسازان از حرفه ای بودن در سایت های شبکه های اجتماعی-2017 Background: Social networking sites (SNS) are a new venue for communication, and health care
professionals, like the general population, are using them extensively. However, their behavior on SNS
may influence public perceptions about their professionalism.
Objective: This study explored how pharmacists separate professional and personal information and
activities on SNS, their perceptions of professional behavior on SNS, and opinions on guidelines in this
area.
Methods: In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with international practising pharmacists
(n ¼ 31) recruited from a range of countries (n ¼ 9). Initially, pharmacists known to the research team were
invited, and thereafter, participants were recruited using a snowballing technique. The interviews lasted
from 30 to 120 min. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed.
Results: A majority of participants mixed professional and personal information and activities on SNS,
and about one third adopted a separation strategy where professional information and activities were
clearly separated from personal ones (e.g. two different SNS accounts, or one particular SNS for
professional use and another platform for personal purposes). Most participants expressed concern over
how pharmacists present themselves and behave in SNS when they reported (un)professional behaviors of
peers they had observed. Examples of perceived unprofessional behaviors included revealing details of
personal life and activities; open complaints about the pharmacy sector, co-workers, physicians, and
patients; inappropriate description of pharmacists’ roles and activities; and breaches of patient
confidentiality. Positive professional behaviors, such as expression of compassion for patients, examples
of effective patient management, promotion of pharmacists’ role, and correction of misleading health
information being spread online were also observed. There was no consensus on having professional social
media guidelines. Some preferred SNS to be unregulated while most believed certain guidance was needed
to maintain high professional standards in the online environment.
Keywords: Social media | Social networking sites | Facebook | Pharmacy | Pharmacists | Professionalism |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Public perceptions of beach nourishment and conflict management strategies: A case study of Portonovo Bay in the Adriatic Italian Coast
درک عمومی از تغذیه ساحلی و استراتژی های مدیریت تعارض: مطالعه موردی از خلیج Portonovo در ساحل ایتالیایی دریای آدریاتیک-2016 Conflicting interests, goals, and value often shape the stakeholders’ positions concerning coastal erosion
management strategies. Analyses of stakeholders’ perceptions of beach nourishment and conflict management strategies are lacking. Since the involvement of key stakeholders is crucial to ensure successful
integrated coastal management, the aim of the current study was to investigate the stakeholders’ perceptions of beach nourishment and conflict management strategies in the community of the Portonovo Bay in
the Adriatic Italian coast. During 2013, detailed, semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the community and stakeholders regarding beach nourishment and related conflict management
strategies at Portonovo Bay. The results revealed that respondents not only reported different perceptions,
values, and interests but also their main goals were dissimilar. We found polarized opinions concerning
antagonistic value systems shared by the participants, which were associated with quite opposed perceptions of existence and severity of the problem and efficacy and harmfulness of beach nourishment.
The perceptions of the respondents were categorized into two major categories that reflect two of the
philosophical views of the human-environment relationship: ecocentrism versus anthropocentrism. Four
categories of proposed conflict resolution strategies were identified: (a) information, (b) dialogue and
contact, (c) compromise, and (d) no solution. The adoption of a participatory approach and the implementation of conflict management skills and technique can be considered important elements of coastal
management.
Keywords: Beach nourishment | Conflict management strategies | Ecocentrism | Anthropocentrism | Coastal protection | Nature protection |
مقاله انگلیسی |