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1 |
Inventory model for sustainable operations of a closed-loop supply chain: Role of a third-party refurbisher
مدل موجودی برای عملیات پایدار یک زنجیره تأمین حلقه بسته: نقش یک مرمت کننده شخص ثالث-2021 Journal Pre-proof This paper investigates the joint decision on inventory and refurbishing strategies in a closed-loop supply chain, consisting of a manufacturer responsible for the production and first-market sales and a third-party refurbisher responsible for the refurbishment and second market. Based on a game-theoretic model, we investigate the effects of supply chain structures on the production operations, sales price of a refurbished product, profits and environmental performance. Through numerical analyses, we reveal that the integrated system yields higher first-market sales and a larger production lot size, while the decentralized one shows higher second-market sales and a larger refurbishing lot. Interestingly, the integrated system sets the higher price for the refurbished item due to channel conflict issues. Efforts to increase the second-market sales can harm the over- all supply chain profit by leading to the decrease in the higher-margin first-market sales. We also show that the difference in pricing decisions and inventory holding cost components allows a better operational performance of the third-party refurbishers process in the decentralized system. Then, it leads to the better environmental performance in the decentralized system, enhancing the refurbishing rate and sales of refurbished items while reducing scrap costs. By investigating the overall performance of integrated and decentralized supply chains, we offer important implications to practicing supply chain managers by revealing how the third-party refurbisher can help the sustainable operations of a closed-loop supply chain. We also contribute to the body of knowledge by incorporating pricing and lot sizing issues into the context of closed-loop supply chain management. Keywords: inventory | closed-loop supply chain | sales return | refurbishment |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Production decisions of a closed-loop supply chain considering remanufacturing and refurbishing under government subsidy
تصمیمات تولید یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته با توجه به بازسازی و نوسازی تحت یارانه دولت-2021 Remanufacturing and refurbishing, as two essential strategies in the sector of reverse logistics, play a vital
role in the area of sustainable development. With the increasing concerns on the environment friendly
supply chain by the general public, we construct two remanufacturing models dominated by the original
equipment manufacturer (OEM) and the independent remanufacturer (IR) based on the auto parts market which provides new products, remanufactured products and refurbished products. Considering the
remanufacturing subsidy and the market environment parameters, we analyze the full-remanufacturing
and partial-remanufacturing using the Stackelberg and Cournot duopoly game models. We then obtain
the equilibrium strategies for each of these scenarios. We further carry out sensitivity analysis for the
two remanufacturing models and investigate the impact of the remanufacturing subsidy on these two
models. The findings in this paper enable us to compare the remanufacturing modes and show how the
equilibrium outcome depends on the key model parameters. In the comparison and numerical analysis,
they are revealed that (i) the improvement on the quality level of the refurbished products is always
unfavorable to the quality level and the production quantity of both the new and the remanufactured
products, especially in the OEM remanufacturing model; (ii) subsidy is ineffective in the IR remanufacturing mode when the remanufacturing cost is low; (iii) the IR remanufacturing outperforms the OEM
remanufacturing in both economic benefits and social welfare, when the cost of remanufacturing and the
customer willingness to pay for remanufacturing products are low, and the quality of refurbished products is high. These findings have potential implications for enterprise remanufacturing production and
government policy-making in complex market environments. Keywords: Remanufacturing | refurbishing | quality level | government subsidy | game model |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
A profit maximization for a reverse logistics dual-channel supply chain with a return policy
به حداکثر رساندن سود برای لجستیک زنجیره تامین دو کاناله با سیاست بازگشت-2017 In the last few decades, the rapid development of e-commerce technologies has encouraged many man
ufacturers to adopt an online channel in addition to their existing traditional retail channel, which
resulted in redesigning their supply chain channel structure. Additionally, an increasing number of man
ufacturers nowadays offer a return policy to attract more customers and to stay competitive. This paper
studies a supply chain system, which is comprised of production, refurbishing, collection, and waste dis
posal processes. A return policy in which customers can return the purchased item for a refund is also
considered. Two selling strategies, a single-channel strategy (i.e., a retail channel) and a dual-channel
(i.e., a retail channel and an online channel) strategy are discussed from which mathematical models
are developed. The purpose is to examine the effect of different return policies on the behavior of SC sys
tems before and after adopting the dual-channel. In both strategies, the paper analyzes the change in the
profit, the pricing and inventory decisions. Numerical examples and sensitivity analyses are provided
with their results discussed. The findings of this paper demonstrate that in both strategies, the more gen
erous the return policy is, the higher the demand, the selling prices and the overall profit. The findings
also indicate that adopting a dual-channel strategy is more profitable to the supply chain.
Keywords: Supply chain | Reverse logistics | Dual-channel | Return policy |Customization |Refurbish |
مقاله انگلیسی |