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نتیجه جستجو - resource system

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 3
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 How can NGOs support collective action among the users of rural drinking water systems? A case study of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh
چگونه سازمان های غیردولتی می توانند از اقدامات جمعی در بین کاربران سیستم های آب شرب روستایی حمایت کنند؟ مطالعه موردی سیستم های مدیریت شارژ آبخوان (MAR) در بنگلادش-2020
In this article, we link NGO-supplied drinking water infrastructure projects with collective action development approaches. Although governing local, shared drinking water systems (DWS) requires users to act collectively, users rarely organize such collective action successfully by themselves. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are therefore frequently called upon to support local communities to set up or consolidate the kind of local collective action required for governing DWSs. However, the effectiveness of such forms of NGO support remains unclear. Therefore, this paper attempts to assess the form and impact of this kind of NGO support. Combining insights gained from theory on institutions for collective action in the context of shared resource systems, we develop a set of requirements presumed necessary for guaranteeing both day-to-day and long-term collective action among local shared DWS users. We apply this framework to empirically explore if, how and why NGO support targets these requirements, and whether this support influences users’ capacity for collective action. To this end we examine 11 cases where NGOs have worked with users of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh. We collected data through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews with local leaders, NGO officials, and project staff, and by reviewing project documentation. We find that NGO support favors long-term requirements over the requirements for day-to-day collective action. NGO activities seem based on applying standard approaches to training and awareness raising, and less on empowering users to craft their own solutions. A case for a lasting impact of NGO support on any of the requirements is hard to make. Our results imply that when attempting to organize effective and long-lasting forms of collective action among the users of shared resource systems, both NGOs and commissioners of projects need to engage more explicitly in learning what works and what doesn’t.
Keywords: Non-governmental organizations | Community management | Collective action | Managed aquifer recharge | Drinking water systems | Bangladesh
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Combination of a big data analytics resource system with an artificial intelligence algorithm to identify clinically actionable radiation dose thresholds for dysphagia in head and neck patients
ترکیبی از یک سیستم منبع تحلیلی داده های بزرگ با یک الگوریتم هوش مصنوعی برای شناسایی آستانه های دوز پرتودرمانی از نظر بالینی برای دیسفاژی در بیماران سر و گردن-2020
Purpose/Objective(s): We combined clinical practice changes, standardizations and technology to automate aggregation, integration and harmonization of comprehensive patient data from the multiple source systems used in clinical practice into a big data analytics resource system (BDARS). We then developed novel artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, coupled to the BDARS, to identify structure DVH metrics associated with dysphagia. Materials/Methods: From the BDARS harmonized data of ≥ 22,000 patients, we identified 132 patients recently treated for head and neck cancer who also demonstrated dysphagia scores that worsened from base line to a maximum grade ≥ 2. We developed a method that used both physical and biologically corrected (α/β =2.5) DVH curves to test both absolute and percentage volume based DVH metrics. Combining a statistical categorization algorithm with machine learning (SCA-ML) the method provided more extensive detailing of response threshold evidence than either approach alone. A sensitivity guided, minimum input ML model was iteratively constructed to identify the key structure DVH metric thresholds. Results: Seven swallowing structures producing 738 candidate DVH metrics were ranked for association with dysphagia using SCA-ML scoring. Structures included superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC), inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC), larynx, esophagus. Bilateral parotid and submandibular gland (SG) structures were categorized by relative mean dose (e.g SG_High, SG_Low) as a dose vs tumor centric analog to contra and ipsilateral designations. Structure – DVH metrics with high SCA-ML scores included SPC:D20%[EQD2Gy] ≥ 47.7, SPC:D25%[Gy] ≥ 50.4, IPC:D35%[Gy] ≥ 61.7, Parotid_Low:D60%[Gy] ≥ 13.2 and SG_High:D35%[Gy] ≥ 61.7. Larynx:D25%[Gy] ≥ 21.2 and SG_Low:D45%≥28.2 had high SCA-ML scores, but were segmented on fewer than 90% of plans. A model based on SPC:D20%[EQD2Gy] alone had sensitivity and AUC of 0.88 ±0.13 and 0.74 ± 0.17 respectively. Conclusion: This study provides practical demonstration of combining big data with AI to increase volume of evidence in clinical learning paradigms
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Looking beyond - socialization tactics: The role of human resource systems in the socialization process
نگاه کردن به پشت سر - تدابیر اجتماعی سازی: نقش سیستمهای منابع انسانی در فرآیند اجتماعی سازی-2018
Previous research questions whether the association between socialization tactics and human resource systems has been properly explored. Based on theory, we present a framework that links socialization tactics and human resource systems for various groups of newcomers. In doing so, we contribute to academic theory by exploring the under-researched areas of the content and context of socialization tactics, while illustrating helpful practices to retain key newcomers in organizations. The article provides new insights into socialization tactics and human resource systems by bridging the two theoretical areas, opening up this conceptual space for examination by organizational scholars. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications for human resource scholars and practitioners accordingly.
keywords: Socialization tactics |Human resource systems |Newcomer |Organizational socialization
مقاله انگلیسی
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