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نتیجه جستجو - revalence

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 156
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Pain Prevalence, Pain Management, and the Need for Pain Education in Healthcare Undergraduates
شیوع درد، مدیریت درد و نیاز به آموزش درد در دانشجویان مراقبت های بهداشتی-2021
Background: Pain is a common health problem in undergraduate students. Pain prevalence, pain management strategies and knowledge among healthcare groups has not been revealed yet.
Aim: This study explored pain prevalence, intensity, pain management strategies, knowledge, and education in undergraduate students specializing in healthcare science. The findings will highlight the necessity for increasing pain management education in the university setting. Design: A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study was conducted.
Settings/ Participants: Data was collected from 1,490 university students in Tokyo between December 2015 and April 2016. A c square test was performed to examine differences in pain status and management strategies according to gender. We compared medical knowledge scores among disciplines using one-way analysis of variance.
Results: In total, 511 (79.2%) students had experienced bodily pain during the preceding 6 months. Pain prevalence differed by gender. More nursing students had used both pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods for pain management than had students from other disciplines (p ¼ .011). Pain medication knowledge of students in other disciplines was low to moderate, with greater knowledge observed in medical students (p < .05).
Conclusions: Education regarding pain management should be developed that considers differences among disciplines. Additionally, poor pain management knowledge could affect the quality of care students provide to patients after graduation. Enhancing pain management knowledge by providing suitable pain management education in universities may contribute to better pain management for students, and this may translate to their work in clinical settings.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Price and quality decisions in a vertically-differentiated supply chain with an “Online-to-Store” channel
تصمیمات قیمت و کیفیت در یک زنجیره تأمین کاملاً متمایز با کانال «فروشگاه از طریق فروشگاه»-2021
Because of the prevalence of “Online-to-Store (OS)” channel, customers can purchase differentiated products online and pick up in-store. We develop a Stackelberg game-theoretic model to study the impact of an OS channel on quality levels, demands, prices, and profits of a manufacturer and a retailer in a supply chain. We assume that the retailer acts as a Stackelberg leader, and the manufacturer acts as a Stackelberg follower. The manufacturer produces and sells two products with vertically-differentiated quality levels to the retailer who in turn sells the products to customers through a Store channel, an Online channel, or an OS channel. The retailer incurs a handing cost if the OS channel is available, and consumers bear a shipping cost and a transaction cost when the products are purchased from the Online and Store channels, respectively. We find that the manufacturer should reduce both products’ quality levels and wholesale prices, whereas the retailer can increase the selling prices for a relatively small shipping cost and a not too small handling cost. When the products are available both online and in-store, however, the quality levels, wholesale prices and selling prices might increase for a small shipping cost and a not too small handling cost. Compared to the case in which both products are available online only with the OS channel, adding the Store channel is always beneficial for both parties. The intuition behind these results hinges on the trade-off between the handling cost and the increased market demand for the retailer. Moreover, the quality levels, the wholesale prices of both products, and the selling price of the low-quality product would decrease, while the selling price of the high-quality product increases for a sufficiently low transaction cost and a not too small shipping cost.
Keywords: Game theory | Online-to-store | Vertically-differentiated supply chain | Pricing | Quality
مقاله انگلیسی
3 شیوع، همبستگی‌های اجتماعی-جمعیتی و دانشگاهی اختلال وسواسی جبری در دانشجویان دانشکده علوم پزشکی کاربردی دانشگاه ام القرا
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21
مقدمه: مطالعاتی که شیوع وسواس جبری را در منطقه عربستان سعودی نشان می‌دهد بسیار اندک است و بیشتر در نمونه جمعیتی دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی وجود دارد. هدف از این مطالعه برآورد شیوع علائم وسواس اجباری در یک نمونه جامعه دانشجویان علوم پزشکی کاربردی بود. علاوه بر این، ارتباط بین علائم وسواسی جبری و متغیرهای اجتماعی-جمعیتی و چندین جنبه از زندگی دانشگاهی بررسی شد.
روشها: در این مطالعه مقطعی 404 دانشجوی دانشگاه متعلق به چهار بخش به کار گرفته شدند. ابزارهایی که در این مطالعه استفاده شد، شامل معیارهای ارزیابی وسواس جبری (OCI - R) ، DSM - IV برای تشخیص مقیاس درجه بندی شدت OCD و Y - BOCS بود. نتیجه اصلی اختلال وسواس جبری احتمالی است (امتیاز OCI - R> 21). دانشجویان با نمره بیشتر از 21 بیشتر از نظر وجود اختلال وسواس جبری با استفاده از معیارهای DSM - IV و Y - BOCS ارزیابی شدند.
یافته ها: شیوع OCS با ابزار غربالگری OCI-R 20% بود [95% CI(19.902-20.098)]. شیوع واقعی OCD تأیید شده 5.06٪ بود [95% CI(4.39-6.12)]. وجود OCD احتمالی در دانشجویان گروه آزمایشگاه پزشکی بسیار زیاد بود [002/0 = p و95% CI(31.3-3.33) [. ارتباط مهمی بین حضور OCS و عدم رضایت از انتخاب دوره [001/0 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.38 - 3.92)] ، احساس طرد شدن [0.004 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.39 - 5.88]) و علائم افسردگی [0001/0 = p و CI (8/1 - 89/1)] وجود داشت. نمونه ما به زنان در سن دانشگاه محدود بود، بنابراین تفسیر شیوع قابل تعمیم نیست.
نتیجه گیری: وجود چنین اختلالی احتمالاً بر عملکرد تحصیلی ، کیفیت زندگی و روابط بین فردی تأثیر می گذارد ، شناسایی و درمان در زمان مناسب به بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی و کیفیت زندگی کمک می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: وسواس جبری | علائم وسواسی جبری | دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی | اختلال روانی
مقاله ترجمه شده
4 Disruption in food supply chain and undernourishment challenges: An empirical study in the context of Asian countries
اختلال در زنجیره تأمین مواد غذایی و چالش های کم غذایی: یک مطالعه تجربی در زمینه کشورهای آسیایی-2021
Undernourishment and associated health issues are some mammoth challenges that the world currently faces. The poorly design food supply chain (FSC) is considered a root cause of high undernourishment cases worldwide. Since all processes and stages in a supply chain are strongly connected, a slight delay or glitch can trigger a butterfly effect resulting in significant socio-economic losses. The FSC is vital to providing human essentials and a source of bread earning; rank at the top in global industries and any disturbance results in high unemployment and leading social evils like crime and violence in society. Recognize the same; this study examines the impact of food supply chain disruption on undernourished cases in selected Asian countries. Using Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) estimator, this study provides two key findings. First, a higher intensity of COVID-19 cases translates into higher undernourishment due to direct and indirect effects from higher stringency measures. Secondly, government financial allocations to combat COVID-19 and economic growth significantly mitigate the prevalence of undernourishment. Interestingly, a higher crime index is linked with higher undernourished cases supporting the proposition of socio-economic disorder. These results propose broad policy implications for governments, food regulatory authority, donor agencies, and Non-Governmental Organizations by strengthening the food supply chain and thus reduces undernourishment cases.
Keywords: Food supply chain | COVID-19 | Unemployment | Undernourishment | Economic growth | Asian countries
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Feasibility and efficacy of a pilot family model of diabetes self-management intervention in the Republic of the Marshall Islands
امکان سنجی و کارایی یک مدل خانواده آزمایشی مداخله خودمدیریتی دیابت در جمهوری جزایر مارشال-2021
Background: The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) faces numerous health disparities, including one of the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world. Diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) has shown efficacy in improving glycemic control and through increases in knowledge and selfmanagement activities; however, there is limited research on DSMES in the RMI. This study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a culturally adapted family model of DSMES (F-DSMES) in the RMI. The F-DSME included 8 h of group educational classes delivered in churches by a community health worker.
Methods: This pilot study assessed retention and dosage rates (e.g., class attendance) among the participants with T2DM (n = 41). Efficacy was evaluated by examining pre- and post-intervention differences in HbA1c, knowledge, family support, and self-management activities among those who completed the post-intervention data collection (n = 23).
Results: The results indicate completion of post-intervention data collection and attendance were associated; 70% of participants who completed the post-intervention data collection received at least 6 h of intervention compared to 3 h for those who did not. Although the reduction in HbA1c was not statistically significant, participants demonstrated statically significant increases in knowledge, family support, and an increase in selfmanagement including in checking of blood glucose and feet.
Conclusions: This study provides important information to help address T2DM disparities in the RMI, including the feasibility and efficacy of F-DSMES. Additional research will help in understanding how to translate improvements in knowledge, family support, and self-management activities into improvements in HbA1c. This may include addressing social ecological factors that affect glycemic control.
keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Diabetes self-management education | HbA1c | Pre- and post-intervention | Marshallese
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Ocular Biometric Characteristics Measured by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Individuals Undergoing Cataract Surgery
مشخصات بیومتریک چشم اندازه گیری شده توسط توموگرافی انسجام نوری منبع جارو در افراد تحت عمل جراحی آب مروارید-2021
PURPOSE: To study the distribution of ocular biometric parameters utilizing a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer in adult candidates for cataract surgery.
Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study
METHODS: SETTING: A single-center analysis of consecutive eyes measured with the IOLMaster 700 SS-OCT biometer at a large tertiary medical center between February 2018 and June 2020.
RESULTS: 3836 eyes of 3836 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 72.3±12.8 years and 53% were females. The mean biometric values were: total corneal power (44.17±1.70D), total corneal astigmatism (TCA) (1.11±0.87D), mean posterior keratometry (- 5.87±0.26D), posterior corneal astigmatism (-0.26±0.15D), axial length (AL) (23.95±1.66mm), anterior chamber depth (ACD) (3.18±0.42mm), lens thickness (LT) (4.49±0.47mm); white-towhite distance (WTW) (11.92±0.44mm), central corneal thickness (CCT) (0.54 ± 0.04mm), angle alpha (0.49±0.17mm), and angle kappa (0.34±0.17mm). There were sex-related differences in all biometric parameters with the exception of LT (P=.440), angle kappa (P=.216), and corneal astigmatism (P=.103). Biometric parameters demonstrated correlations between AL, WTW distance, ACD, and LT (P<.001). Age correlated with all parameters (P<.001), with the exception of CCT and posterior keratometry. Angle alpha and angle kappa magnitudes also correlated (P<.001). The prevalence of patients with TCA ≥0.75D, 1.0D and 1.5D were 59.1%, 43.4% and22.6%,respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Age significantly correlated with most of the biometric parameters and significant differences between sexes were noted. Furthermore, the high prevalence of TCA and relatively large angle alpha and angle kappa magnitudes were noted among subjects. These data can be relevant in planning local and national health economics.
مقاله انگلیسی
7 شیوع، همبستگی‌های اجتماعی-جمعیتی و دانشگاهی اختلال وسواسی جبری در دانشجویان دانشکده علوم پزشکی کاربردی دانشگاه ام القرا
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 22
مقدمه: مطالعاتی که شیوع وسواس جبری را در منطقه عربستان سعودی نشان می‌دهد بسیار اندک است و بیشتر در نمونه جمعیتی دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی وجود دارد. هدف از این مطالعه برآورد شیوع علائم وسواس اجباری در یک نمونه جامعه دانشجویان علوم پزشکی کاربردی بود. علاوه بر این، ارتباط بین علائم وسواسی جبری و متغیرهای اجتماعی-جمعیتی و چندین جنبه از زندگی دانشگاهی بررسی شد.
روشها: در این مطالعه مقطعی 404 دانشجوی دانشگاه متعلق به چهار بخش به کار گرفته شدند. ابزارهایی که در این مطالعه استفاده شد، شامل معیارهای ارزیابی وسواس جبری (OCI - R) ، DSM - IV برای تشخیص مقیاس درجه بندی شدت OCD و Y - BOCS بود. نتیجه اصلی اختلال وسواس جبری احتمالی است (امتیاز OCI - R> 21). دانشجویان با نمره بیشتر از 21 بیشتر از نظر وجود اختلال وسواس جبری با استفاده از معیارهای DSM - IV و Y - BOCS ارزیابی شدند.
یافته ها: شیوع OCS با ابزار غربالگری OCI-R 20% بود [95% CI(19.902-20.098)]. شیوع واقعی OCD تأیید شده 5.06٪ بود [95% CI(4.39-6.12)]. وجود OCD احتمالی در دانشجویان گروه آزمایشگاه پزشکی بسیار زیاد بود [002/0 = p و95% CI(31.3-3.33) [. ارتباط مهمی بین حضور OCS و عدم رضایت از انتخاب دوره [001/0 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.38 - 3.92)] ، احساس طرد شدن [0.004 = p ، 95٪ CI (1.39 - 5.88]) و علائم افسردگی [0001/0 = p و CI (8/1 - 89/1)] وجود داشت. نمونه ما به زنان در سن دانشگاه محدود بود، بنابراین تفسیر شیوع قابل تعمیم نیست.
نتیجه گیری: وجود چنین اختلالی احتمالاً بر عملکرد تحصیلی ، کیفیت زندگی و روابط بین فردی تأثیر می گذارد ، شناسایی و درمان در زمان مناسب به بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی و کیفیت زندگی کمک می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: اختلال وسواس فکری-اجباری | علائم وسواس فکری | دانشجویان پزشکی و پیراپزشکی | اختلال روانی
مقاله ترجمه شده
8 Chronic Liver Diseases and the Microbiome-Translating Our Knowledge of Gut Microbiota to Management of Chronic Liver Disease
بیماری های مزمن کبدی و میکروبیوم - ترجمه دانش ما از میکروبیوتا روده به مدیریت بیماری مزمن کبدی-2021
Chronic liver disease is reaching epidemic proportions with the increasing prevalence of obesity, nonalcoholic liver disease, and alcohol overuse worldwide. Most patients are not candidates for liver transplantation even if they have end-stage liver disease. There is growing evidence of a gut microbial basis for many liver diseases, therefore, better diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches based on knowledge of gut microbiota are needed. We review the questions that need to be answered to successfully translate our knowledge of the intestinal microbiome and the changes associated with liver disease into practice.
Keywords: Cirrhosis | Hepatic Encephalopathy | Fecal Microbial Transplant | Diet.
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Defect detection and quantification in electroluminescence images of solar PV modules using U-net semantic segmentation
تشخیص و تعیین کمبود در تصاویر الکترولومینسانس ماژول های PV خورشیدی با استفاده از تقسیم بندی معنایی U-net-2021
Electroluminescence (EL) images enable defect detection in solar photovoltaic (PV) modules that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye, much the same way an x-ray enables a doctor to detect cracks and fractures in bones. The prevalence of multiple defects, e.g. micro cracks, inactive regions, gridline defects, and material defects, in PV module can be quantified with an EL image. Modern, deep learning tech- niques for computer vision can be applied to extract the useful information contained in the images on entire batches of PV modules. Defect detection and quantification in EL images can improve the efficiency and the reliability of PV modules both at the factory by identifying potential process issues and at the PV plant by identifying and reducing the number of faulty modules installed. In this work, we train and test a semantic segmentation model based on the u-net architecture for EL image analysis of PV modules made from mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline silicon wafer-based solar cells. This work is focused on developing and testing a deep learning method for computer vision that is independent of the equipment used to generate the EL images, independent of the wafer-based module design, and independent of the image quality.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Electroluminescence | EL | PV | U-net | Semantic segmentation | Machine learning
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Development and validation of INTENSS, a need-supportive training for nurses to support patients self-management
توسعه و اعتبار سنجی های آمیز، آموزش نیازمندی برای پرستاران برای حمایت از خود مدیریت بیماران-2021
Background: The growing prevalence of chronic illnesses requires nurses to support self-management and help patients integrate the chronic illness into their life. To our knowledge there are currently no training programs that combine the necessary components to adequately enhance nurses competencies in self-management support. Objective: The systematic development and validation of a need-supportive training in self-management support for nurses. Design: A three-phased study, according to van Meijel et al. (2004), with collection of building blocks, design, and validation of the need-supportive character of the training. Setting and participants: Eight training groups with 30 nurses, 34 nursing students and nine social healthcare workers from different nursing colleges in Flanders, Belgium. Methods: In phase one a literature review, current practice analysis, and problem and needs analysis were per- formed. In phase two, the INTENSS training intervention was developed, framed within the Self-Determination Theory and the 5A’s-Model. The training consisted of a basic training module and a video-interaction guidance module. The intervention was subsequently tested in eight training groups (N = 73). Participants provided feedback during focus group discussions. The intervention was cyclically adapted to trainees experiences and suggestions. In phase three, we evaluated the need-supportive character of the training intervention. Results: Phase one indicated the need for training, since nurses application of self-management support was limited and practiced from a narrow medical point of view. In phase two we developed a theory-driven and multifaceted training, building on attitude, knowledge, skills and reflection in the training. The training was framed within the Self-Determination Theory both at the didactical level as well as on content and format. Overall, participants appreciated the building blocks of the training as supporting their basic needs for auton- omy, relatedness and competence. Conclusions: INTENSS, a multifaceted need-supportive training in self-management support was developed, successfully taking into account participants needs.
keywords: توسعه مداخله | آموزش | تحصیلات | نظریه خود تعیین | پشتیبانی از خود مدیریت | مراقبت های بهداشتی | پرستاری | بیماری مزمن | Intervention development | Training | Education | Self-determination theory | Self-management support | Health care | Nursing | Chronic illness
مقاله انگلیسی
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