دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با temporal::صفحه 5
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نتیجه جستجو - temporal

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 383
ردیف عنوان نوع
41 Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Energy buffering control system for improved resilience to periodic fluctuations of solar irradiance
فن آوری غشایی با انرژی قابل تجدید: سیستم کنترل بافر انرژی برای بهبود مقاومت در برابر نوسانات دوره ای تابش خورشیدی-2020
Energy management is required to enable autonomous photovoltaic-powered membrane (PV-membrane) desalination systems to make the optimal use of solar energy. In this paper, a novel charge controller based on pre-set voltage sensing thresholds was designed to optimise the energy from PV panels and supercapacitors (SCs). The control algorithms were established from the data derivations with high-temporal-resolution (1s) solar irradiance (SI) source, allowing for resilient system operation under variable conditions. The impacts of ramp rates, in both SI and PV output voltage (VPV) on the system, were systematically investigated. Under a worst-case scenario, with a rapid ramp rate of DVPV ¼ 2 V/s, the charge controller enabled the SCs to bridge the power gap to 6 min 20 s, permitting an additional 10 L of permeate water produced. The state-of-charge of the SCs varied from 11 to 86%, regardless of the magnitude of the ramp rate. The combination of the voltage thresholds (Vpump_on ¼ 160 V and Vpump_off ¼ 90 V) was determined to result in optimum system performance, realising a high permeate production at low specific energy consumption. It is concluded that the proposed charge controller is an effective method to enhance system resilience under worst-case solar conditions.
Keywords: Ramp rates | Charge controller | Supercapacitors | Photovoltaic | Reverse osmosis | Energy fluctuation
مقاله انگلیسی
42 Understanding the spatial distribution of free-floating carsharing in cities: Analysis of the new Madrid experience through a web-based platform
درک توزیع مکانی اتومبیل های شناور آزاد در شهرها: تجزیه و تحلیل تجربه جدید مادرید از طریق یک بستر مبتنی بر وب-2020
In recent years the sharing economy has become established in different modes in the urban transport system, and claims to be reducing the number of cars and contributing to lower traffic pollution. Free-floating carsharing (FFCS) is a new and more flexible type of carsharing that is driving the growth of carsharing markets around the world. While there is a very extensive literature on traditional carsharing, more research needs to be done on the new FFCS trip profile in order to estimate its spillover effects on the urban transportation system. As FFCS systems are based on ICTs, new web-based methodologies (instead of traditional surveys) are the best approach to analyse them. This paper contributes to the existing literature with a spatial evaluation of the FFCS trip profile, obtaining a temporal distribution of the main flows throughout the FFCS service area. The added value of this research is that it provides the first spatial analysis of a FFCS system in Spain using rental data collected from the operators websites. The results clearly show the prevalence of the short-distance FFCS trip that is faster than available public transport and whose origin and destination are closely dependent on parking availability.
مقاله انگلیسی
43 Nine-nine-six work system and people’s movement patterns: Using big data sets to analyse overtime working in Shanghai
سیستم کار نه-نه-شش و الگوهای حرکت مردم: استفاده از مجموعه داده های بزرگ برای تحلیل اضافه کاری در شانگهای-2020
Although topics regarding “996 work system” and overtime working have aroused hot arguments, there is scant literature that analyses the spatial distribution and movement patterns of people who work overtime. This article fills this gap by adopting big data analysis and examining the mobile phone signal data which allow the calculation of the approximate spatial position of the mobile-phone user, and the generation of transportation flows and individuals’ origin-destination (OD) flows. The findings show that no less than one third of employees in Shanghai work overtime, and that overtime workers face higher job-housing imbalance than workers who have normal work durations or flexible schedules. This corroborates David Harvey’s time-space compression theory. Going beyond that, we further discover the interchangeability between exploitation in the time dimension, and that in the spatial dimension, resulting in dual exploitation. This article has important policy implications for optimizing the urban spatial system of Shanghai, as it advocates that in addition to strengthening the enforcement of labor law, the government also needs to improve the public service such as strengthening the underground system’s capacity, and construct affordable houses, so as to alleviate the employees’ sufferings caused by temporal and spatial exploitation. Moreover, the research points out the necessity for Chinese cities to enhance the vertical mixing, in order to shorten the job-housing distance.
Keywords: Overtime working | Human activity patterns | Big data | Mobile phone Signal data | Shanghai | OD | Time-space compression | Vertical mixing of land use
مقاله انگلیسی
44 Medical implications of Conducted Energy Devices in law enforcement
پیامدهای پزشکی دستگاههای هدایت انرژی در اجرای قانون-2020
This study examines the medical implications of Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) in law enforcement, of which TASER® is the brand most recognised. In order to develop understanding of TASER® use, this study undertook both a literature review and original research using data provided by a number of UK police forces. The comprehensive review of literature identified a range of injures, including both primary and secondary complications. Research was conducted into TASER® use in the United Kingdom using a number of data sets, including a retrospective study of some 60,000 uses of force. This data shows TASER® was only discharged on 18% of occasions it was drawn from the holster. The injuries sustained by both subjects and Police Officers associated with TASER® use were compared and it was found that fewer injuries, as a proportion of use, were associated with TASER® than use of Police Dogs, baton, irritant spray or physical confrontation. The data examined 948 discharges of TASER® and recorded 159 attendances at the Emergency Department as a result. Only three hospital admissions were identified. The paper concludes that the use of CEDs as a police use-of-force may be associated with injury; the overwhelming majority of such are classified as minor. Death or the more severe injuries described in the medical literature are rare and any deaths occurring within temporal proximity to the use of a CED should be investigated thoroughly and the presentation of the individual carefully recorded. The collection of post-incident data provides evidence to the relative operational safety of the TASER® by the UK Police; it is accepted by the police that no use-offorce option is risk free, however data provided showed a greater incidence of injury to both the officers and subjects, as a proportion of use, when baton, irritant spray or physical confrontation was used.
مقاله انگلیسی
45 Can the development of a patient’s condition be predicted through intelligent inquiry under the e-health business mode? Sequential feature map-based disease risk prediction upon features selected from cognitive diagnosis big dat
آیا می توان از طریق استعلام هوشمند تحت شرایط تجارت الکترونیکی ، وضعیت یک بیمار را پیش بینی کرد؟ پیش بینی خطر ابتلا به بیماری مبتنی بر ویژگی های توالی بر ویژگی های انتخاب شده از تشخیص شناختی داده های بزرگ-2020
The data-driven mode has promoted the researches of preventive medicine. In prediction of disease risks, physicians’ clinical cognitive diagnosis data can be used for early prevention of diseases and, therefore, to reduce medical cost, to improve accessibility of medical services and to lower medical risk. However, researches involved no physicians’ cognition of patients’ conditions in intelligent inquiry under e-health business mode, offered no diagnosis big data, neglected the values of the fused text information generated by joint activities of online and offline medical data, and failed to thoroughly analyze the phenomenon of redundancy-complementarity dispersion caused by high-order information shortage from the online inquiry data-driven perspective. Besides, the risk prediction simply based on offline clinical cognitive diagnosis data undoubtedly reduces prediction precision. Importantly, relevant researches rarely considered temporal relationships of different medical events, did not conduct detailed analysis on practical problems of pattern explosion, did not offer a thought of intelligent portrayal map, and did not conduct relevant risk prediction based on the sub-maps obtained from the map. In consequence, the paper presents a disease risk prediction method with the model for redundancy-complementarity dispersion-based feature selection from physicians’ online cognitive diagnosis big data to realize features selection from the cognitive diagnosis big data of online intelligent inquiry; the obtained features were ranked intelligently for subsequent high-dimensional information shortage compensation; the compensated key feature information of the cognitive diagnosis big data was fused with offline electronic medical record (EMR) to form the virtual electronic medical record (VEMR). The formed VEMR was combined with the method of the sequential feature map for modelling, and a sequential feature map-based model for disease risk prediction was presented to obtain online users’ medical conditions. A neighborhood-based collaborative prediction model was presented for prediction of an online intelligent medical inquiry user’s possible diseases in the future and to intelligently rank the risk probabilities of the diseases. In the experiments, the online intelligent medical inquiry users’ VEMRs were used as the foundation of the simulation experiments to predict disease risks in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OCPD) population and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) population. The experiments demonstrated that the presented method showed relatively good metric performances in the VEMR and improved disease risk prediction.
Keywords: Cognitive diagnosis big data | Online intelligent inquiry | Sequential feature map | Disease risk prediction | Redundancy and complementarity dispersion
مقاله انگلیسی
46 How has the Covid19 pandemic impacted the courts of law? Evidence from Brazil
همه گیری کووید 19 چگونه بر دادگاه های حقوقی تأثیر گذاشته است؟ شواهدی از برزیل-2020
We provide empirical insight into the consequences of the Covid19 pandemic for the administration of justice. Drawing on a comprehensive monthly panel of Brazilian labor courts and using a differencein-difference approach, we show that the pandemic has had a large and persistent deleterious effect on adjudicatory efficacy, leading to a massive decrease in the clearance rate and an increase in court backlogs. The pandemic has affected how courts dispose adjudication cases, expectedly causing a plummeting in the share of disputes resolved via trial hearings and, less predictably, exerting a temporally non-linear effect on the share of in-court settlements. Notably, we find no evidence of an effect of the pandemic on efficacy in enforcement. Although the pandemic led to an increase in the share of new filings requiring enforcement, any effect on the relative use of enforcement to execute court-ordered payments has been intermittent and temporary. The intensity of the pandemic has been an important moderating factor.
Keywords: Covid19 | Courts | Brazil | Labor justice | Adjudication | Enforcement
مقاله انگلیسی
47 Correlation minimizing replay memory in temporal-difference reinforcement learning
حداقل سازی همبستگی پاسخ در یادگیری تقویتی متفاوت موقت -2020
Online reinforcement learning agents are now able to process an increasing amount of data which makes their approximation and compression into value functions a more demanding task. To improve approx- imation, thus the learning process itself, it has been proposed to select randomly a mini-batch of the past experiences that are stored in the replay memory buffer to be replayed at each learning step. In this work, we present an algorithm that classifies and samples the experiences into separate contextual memory buffers using an unsupervised learning technique. This allows each new experience to be as- sociated to a mini-batch of the past experiences that are not from the same contextual buffer as the current one, thus further reducing the correlation between experiences. Experimental results show that the correlation minimizing sampling improves over Q-learning algorithms with uniform sampling, and that a significant improvement can be observed when coupled with the sampling methods that prioritize on the experience temporal difference error.
Keywords: Reinforcement learning | Temporal-difference learning | Replay memory | Artificial neural networks
مقاله انگلیسی
48 Evaluating an adaptive management strategy for organizational energy use under climate uncertainty
ارزیابی یک استراتژی مدیریتی تطبیقی ​​برای استفاده از انرژی سازمانی در عدم قطعیت اقلیم-2020
Changing climate creates energy demand uncertainty that is essential for facility and organizational management. Energy conservation can be achieved through combinations of capital improvements and/or management strategies. One such management strategy is implementation of non-conditioning zones to reduce temperate season energy demand. In this study, we evaluate a temporally-based, non-conditioning zone policy originally developed for Kunsan Air Force Base, Korea and apply it to six locations across the contiguous United States, which coincide with major U.S. Air Force bases in various climate zones. Using projected temperature portfolios, we determine that the performance of the implemented policy is likely to change over the remainder of the century. In temperate climate zones, there is an increase in the potential non-conditioning zone by about a month. However, in a tropical climate, the potential duration for a non-conditioned zone reduces by over half by the end of the century. In addition to non-conditioning zone duration change, temporal shifts in the spring and fall seasons affect non-conditioning zone onset. The cumulative changes suggest the need for climate forecast-informed adaptive management policies to mitigate energy demand. The results of this study inform organization and facility-level energy management, suggesting adaptive management policies to address energy budget uncertainty.
Keywords: Adaptive management | Climate change | Energy conservation | Organizational energy use
مقاله انگلیسی
49 Remote sensing and social sensing for socioeconomic systems: A comparison study between nighttime lights and location-based social media at the 500m spatial resolution
سنجش از دور و سنجش اجتماعی برای سیستمهای اقتصادی اقتصادی: مطالعه مقایسه ای بین چراغ های شب و رسانه های اجتماعی مبتنی بر مکان در وضوح مکانی 500 متر-2020
With the advent of “social sensing” in the Big Data era, location-based social media (LBSM) data are increasingly used to explore anthropogenic activities and their impacts on the environment. This study converts a typical kind of LBSM data, geo-tagged tweets, into raster images at the 500m spatial resolution and compares them with the new generation nighttime lights (NTL) image products, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) monthly image composites. The results show that the monthly tweet images are significantly correlated with the VIIRS-DNB images at the pixel level. The tweet images have nearly the same ability on estimating electric power consumption and better performance on assessing personal incomes and population than the NTL images. Tweeted areas (i.e. the pixels with at least one posted tweet) are closer to satellite-derived built-up/urban areas than lit areas in NTL imagery, making tweet images an alternative to delimit extents of human activities. Moreover, the monthly tweet images do not show apparent seasonal changes, and the values of tweet images are more stable across different months than VIIRS-DNB monthly image composites. This study explores the potential of LBSM data at relatively fine spatiotemporal resolutions to estimate or map socioeconomic factors as an alternative to NTL images in the United States
Keywords: Nighttime lights imagery | Geo-tagged tweets | Socioeconomic factors | Social sensing
مقاله انگلیسی
50 Power laws in intra-storm temporal rainfall variability
قوانین قدرت در تغییر بارندگی موقت درون طوفان-2020
During a storm event, rainfall intensity rarely remains uniform but rather shows radical temporal variation. Given the time window w within a storm, the maximum rainfall intensity over w, namely iw decreases as w increases. Our analysis of individual storm events using ground measurements of 1-minute temporal resolution reveals that the iw–w relationship follows either a single or broken power law. Such scale-invariance is likely associated with known fractal or multi-fractal characteristics of rainfall structure. In broken power-law events, two power-law exponents of m (at minute time scale) and  h (at hourly time scale) are fitted for segments separated by the characteristic time . Mostly m <  h, implying the persistence of high rainfall concentration prior to . This reflects the characteristics of convective storms, and the range of  agrees with the known time span of convective storm duration. The more concentrated storm event exhibits the stronger persistence (a smaller m) prior to  and the faster moisture depletion (a greater  h) thereafter. The knowledge gained from this study provides important implications to the existing design storm formula, often called the Mononobe formula: observed scale-free intra-storm variability is in accordance with this formula while the scaling transition at sub-hourly time scale explains the known limitations of its practical applications.
Keywords: fractal rainfall |self-similarity | convective storm | design storm | Mononobe formula
مقاله انگلیسی
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