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نتیجه جستجو - urban development

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 14
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A more complete accounting of greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration in urban landscapes
یک حسابداری کاملتر از انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای و ترسیب در مناظر شهری-2021
Understanding interactions between complex human and natural systems involved in urban carbon cycling is important when balancing the dual goals of urban development to accommodate a growing population, while also achieving urban carbon neutrality. This study develops a systems breakdown accounting method to assess the urban carbon cycle. The method facilitates greater understanding of the complex interactions within and between systems involved in this cycle, in order to identify ways in which humans can adapt their interactions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from urban regions. Testing the systems breakdown accounting method in Stockholm County, Sweden, we find that it provides new insights into the carbon interactions with urban green-blue areas in the region. Results show how Stockholm County can reduce its emissions and achieve its goal of local carbon net-neutrality, if the green areas protect its carbon sequestration potential and maintain it to offset projected remaining active emissions. Results also show that the inland surface waters and inner archipelago waters within Stockholm County are a considerable source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. A better understanding of these water emissions is necessary to formulate effective planning and policy measures that can reduce urban emissions. The insights gained from this study can also be applied in other regions. In particular, water bodies could play a significant role in the urban carbon cycle and using this knowledge for more complete carbon accounting, and a better understanding of green-blue interactions could help to reduce net urban emissions in many places.
keywords: انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | جداسازی کربن | چرخه کربن شهری | تغییر استفاده از زمین | برنامه ریزی شهری پایدار | حسابداری کربن | Greenhouse gas emissions | Carbon sequestration | Urban carbon cycle | Land use change | Sustainable urban planning | Carbon accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Capacity assessment of integrated coastal management for Taiwanese local government
ارزیابی ظرفیت مدیریت یکپارچه ساحلی برای دولت محلی تایوان-2021
Most of the members of the Competent Authority are from the professions such as fisheries or urban planning, which has limited capacity for integrated coastal management, and are urgent on getting into capacity development. Therefore, this paper assesses Taiwan’s local government’s integrated coastal management capabilities through the competency assessment framework provided by the United Nations Development Program as for bridging the gap between required capacity and existing capacity. The main findings of the study are: in terms of Institutional arrangements, the scores of "incorporating stakeholders", "budgeting, management and execution", and "making policies and strategies" are lower. For leadership level and knowledge level, each item has a higher score than 3.30, which shows that local government personnel mostly agree with the leaders of integrated coastal management and have certain knowledge; and in terms of accountability, only "whether your organization has the ability to establish a strong vision of a responsible mechanism" has a lower score of 3.03, which shows that local government personnel also agree on the level of accountability. This shows that the current management and maintaining the status quo of the Competent Authority lacks of overall planning for future coastal use. The leaders of the existing coastal management authorities should form a cross-disciplinary team to fully plan for the coast for the future. In terms of training, there should be a coastal management authority to conduct central training in the first place, and subsidies to the local government. Therefore, we are able to gradually implement integrated coastal management. Summary: In order to promote integrated coastal management and promote the sustainable development of coastal areas, our country announced in February 2015 the implementation of the "Coastal Zone Management Act", the Ministry of Interior Affairs is responsible for the development of the overall coastal management plan, and the local government is responsible for the formulation of the secondary protection plan and the protection plan. However, only a small number of local governments in Taiwan currently have marine affairs specialized units, the rest of the county and city coastal management affairs are mostly promoted by the Urban Development Bureau or the Construction Department. Most of the members of the Competent Authority are from the professions such as fisheries or urban planning, which has limited capacity for integrated coastal management, and are urgent on getting into capacity development. Therefore, the following study assesses Taiwan’s local government’s integrated coastal management capabilities through the competency assessment framework provided by the United Nations Development Program as for bridging the gap between required capacity and existing capacity. The main findings of the study are: in terms of Institutional arrangements, the scores of "incorporating stakeholders", "budgeting, management and execution", and "making policies and strategies" are lower. For leadership level and knowledge level, each item has a higher score than 3.30, which shows that local government personnel mostly agree with the leaders of integrated coastal management and have certain knowledge; and in terms of accountability, only "whether your organization has the ability to establish a strong vision of a responsible mechanism" has a lower score of 3.03, which shows that local government personnel also agree on the level of accountability. This shows that the current management and maintaining the status quo of the Competent Authority lacks of overall planning for future coastal use. The leaders of the existing coastal management authorities should form a cross-disciplinary team to fully plan for the coast for the future. In terms of training, there should be a coastal management authority to conduct central training in the first place, and subsidies to the local governmen
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Delineating urban hinterland boundaries in the Pearl River Delta: An approach integrating toponym co-occurrence with field strength model
ترسیم مرزهای مناطق شهری در دلتای رود مروارید: رویکرد ادغام همزمان وقایع توپومی با مدل مقاومت میدانی-2020
Urban development requires the support of its surrounding areas. Accurate identification of urban hinterlands can help to scientifically evaluate strength and potential of urban development. The field strength model is regarded as an effective way to identify hinterlands, but the revision of friction coefficient has still not reached a consensus. With the application of big data in urban planning, it is possible to improve the field strength model. Toponym co–occurrence data, as a timely data source directly obtained from the Internet, can be used to reflect the spatiotemporal changes in urban connections, and provide an approach to quantifying the friction coefficient for the division of urban hinterlands. In this study, a new approach was developed by integrating toponym co–occurrence and improved field strength model. We considered the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration as a case and identified the urban hinterland of each city. The results showed that the friction coefficient among cities fluctuated within a range of 1.25–2.50, the urban hinterlands were no longer confined to their own administrative divisions, and there was fierce competition with other cities. In particular, the urban hinterland of Guangzhou was 3699 km2 larger than its actual administrative area. In addition, the proposed approach was more reliable in urban hinterland identification compared with the traditional fixed friction coefficient method. This study provides an improved field strength model based on toponym co–occurrence, which can identify urban hinterlands more accurately and objectively as well as promote the application of big data in urban planning.
Keywords: Urban hinterland | Toponym co–occurrence | Improved field strength model | Pearl River Delta
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Organisational routines in multi-project contexts: Coordinating in an urban development project ecology
روالهای سازمانی در زمینه های چند پروژه: هماهنگی در اکولوژی پروژه توسعه شهری-2020
Project management literature have focused on either intra-organisational relationships or on vertical interorganisational relationships. The purpose of this paper is to explore inter-project interdependencies and coordinating in multi-project contexts by using the notion of project ecologies. We adopt an organisational routines perspective to explore the coordinating practices managing those interdependencies. The empirical material underpinning our findings were collected and analysed through a case study of an urban development district, new to both the project ecology literature and the organisational routines literature. The findings highlight the existence and importance of horizontal interdependencies in project ecologies, as compared to the more commonly studied interdependencies in vertical relationships within and between projects. The need for horizontal coordinating is outside project managers’ regular focus on steering vertical relationships. Accordingly, the routines to manage the horizontal interdependencies in project ecologies are different to those in more engineered routines that are often described in project management guidelines.
Keywords: Multi-project context | Horizontal interdependencies | Routines | Project ecology | Coordinating
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Quantifying the dynamic effects of smart city development enablers using structural equation modeling
کمیت جلوه های پویا از فعالان توسعه شهر هوشمند با استفاده از مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری-2020
In recent years, smart city projects have drawn significant attention as initiatives for enhancing urban development. Many studies have incorporated technical and non-technical enablers to better control the growth of smart cities. However, despite considerable achievements, the direct and indirect effects of smart city enablers on urban performances have not been quantified comprehensively. Thus, due to this lack of in-depth understanding, smart city leaders encounter difficulties in establishing proper development strategies. To address this issue, the present study has used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify the critical enablers of smart cities and to quantify their dynamic effects (i.e., direct and indirect effects) on the performances of such cities. More specifically, the authors applied SEM to test and estimate the relationships between four enabler clusters (i.e., technological infrastructure, open governance, intelligent community, and innovative economy) and four performance objectives (i.e., efficiency, sustainability, livability, and competitiveness) using the actual data of 50 smart cities. The statistical results demonstrated that non-technical enabler clusters, as well as the technical drivers, have significant impacts on the performances of smart cities with their highly interrelated, synergetic dynamics. Based on those findings, urban leaders can enhance strategic planning for smart city transitions through proper policy management.
Keywords: Smart city | Project management | Urban development | Urban regeneration | Development enablers | Performance objectives | Structural equation modeling (SEM)
مقاله انگلیسی
6 یک مدل شبیه سازی برای توسعه شهری در چین
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 14
شهری سازی سریع در طی چهار دهه اخیر و از زمان اصلاحات اقتصادی که در سال 1978 شروع شد در چین اتفاق افتاده است. سیستم برنامه ریزی که برای اقتصاد برنامه ریزی شده قبل از اصلاحات اقتصادی استفاده شده است شکست خورده است، با این حال، برای سازگار شدن با گذر به فرآیند توسعه شهری تحت رژیم بازار اقتصادی بوده است. به ویژه، روش فعلی استفاده از برنامه های مبتنی بر طراحی که روی کنترل بالا – به – پایین توسعه شهری تمرکز دارد برای ایجاد رشد شهری غیر موثر است. گسترش شهری در نواحی مادرشهری و توسعه اقتصادی نامتعادل بین نواحی شهری و روستایی مشکلات اجتماعی، اقتصادی و محیطی جدی ایجاد کرده است. به علاوه، سیاست های توسعه شهری و منطقه ای معمولا" توسط دولت چین و بدون یک پایه تحلیلی علمی قابل اطمینان ساخته می شوند. بنابراین دولت چین با عدم قطعیت چشمگیری درمورد الگوهای آتی توسعه شهری و تاثیرات چنین سیاست هایی روی تلاش برای راهنمایی فرآیند توسعه شهری درسرتاسر کشور مواجه است. بنابراین یک نیاز فوری به ساخت یک مدل علمی وجود دارد که بتواند به پیش بینی گرایشات آتی در فرآیند توسعه شهری و به منظور پشتیبانی از تصمیم گیری دولتهای مرکزی در سیاست گذاری درمورد زمان و مکان سرمایه گذاری روی زیرساخت ها، خانه سازی و تامین اجتماعی در شهرهای چین کمک کند.
مقاله ترجمه شده
7 The IoT for smart sustainable cities of the future: An analytical framework for sensor-based big data applications for environmental sustainability
اینترنت اشیا برای شهرهای پایدار هوشمند از آینده: یک چارچوب تحلیلی برای کاربردهای داده های بزرگ مبتنی بر حسگر برای سازگاری با محیط زیست-2018
The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the key components of the ICT infrastructure of smart sustainable cities as an emerging urban development approach due to its great potential to advance environmental sustainability. As one of the prevalent ICT visions or computing paradigms, the IoT is associated with big data analytics, which is clearly on a penetrative path across many urban domains for optimizing energy efficiency and mitigating en vironmental effects. This pertains mainly to the effective utilization of natural resources, the intelligent man agement of infrastructures and facilities, and the enhanced delivery of services in support of the environment. As such, the IoT and related big data applications can play a key role in catalyzing and improving the process of environmentally sustainable development. However, topical studies tend to deal largely with the IoT and related big data applications in connection with economic growth and the quality of life in the realm of smart cities, and largely ignore their role in improving environmental sustainability in the context of smart sustainable cities of the future. In addition, several advanced technologies are being used in smart cities without making any con tribution to environmental sustainability, and the strategies through which sustainable cities can be achieved fall short in considering advanced technologies. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review and synthesize the relevant literature with the objective of identifying and discussing the state-of-the-art sensor-based big data applications enabled by the IoT for environmental sustainability and related data processing platforms and computing models in the context of smart sustainable cities of the future. Also, this paper identifies the key challenges pertaining to the IoT and big data analytics, as well as discusses some of the associated open issues. Furthermore, it explores the opportunity of augmenting the informational landscape of smart sustainable cities with big data applications to achieve the required level of environmental sustainability. In doing so, it proposes a framework which brings together a large number of previous studies on smart cities and sustainable cities, including research directed at a more conceptual, analytical, and overarching level, as well as research on specific technologies and their novel applications. The goal of this study suits a mix of two research approaches: topical literature review and thematic analysis. In terms of originality, no study has been conducted on the IoT and related big data applications in the context of smart sustainable cities, and this paper provides a basis for urban researchers to draw on this analytical framework in future research. The proposed framework, which can be replicated, tested, and evaluated in empirical research, will add additional depth to studies in the field of smart sustainable cities. This paper serves to inform urban planners, scholars, ICT experts, and other city sta keholders about the environmental benefits that can be gained from implementing smart sustainable city in itiatives and projects on the basis of the IoT and related big data applications.
Keywords: Smart sustainable cities , The IoT , Big data analytics , Sensor technology , Data processing platforms , Environmental sustainability , Big data applications , Cloud computing , Fog/edge computing
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Spatio-temporal variability of land use/land cover change (LULCC) within the Huron River: Effects on stream flows
تغییرپذیری موقتی استفاده از زمین/ تغییر پوشش زمین درداخل رودخانه هورون: تاثیرات روی جریان های آب-2018
We investigated possible influences of land use/land cover change (LULCC) and precipitation on spatiotemporal changes in extreme stream flows within the watershed of the Huron River Basin during the summer seasons from 1992 to 2011. Within the basin, the urban landscape increased from 8% to 16% during the study period, while forest and agricultural lands declined by 7%. There was an increase in landscape heterogeneity within the watershed that varied from 1.21% in 1992 to 1.34% in 2011, with agricultural practices and forest regions competing due to the expansion of varying intensities of urban development. Normalized stream discharge from multiple subwatersheds increased over time, with an average increase from 0.21 m3 s−1 m to 1.64 m3 s−1 m over the study period. Land use and precipitation affected stream discharge, with increasing urban development exhibiting a 37% chance of affecting extreme stream flows within the watershed. More importantly, much of the precipitation observed within the watershed temporally affected stream discharge based on expansion of urban settlement within the basin. This caused a higher likelihood of flashiness, as runoff is more concentrated and stream flow became more variable. We concluded that, within the watersheds of the Huron River, LULCC is the major determinant of increased stream flow and potential flooding.
keywords: Urbanization |Land use|Land cover |Climate |Hydrology |ArcGIS |FRAGSTATS
مقاله انگلیسی
9 How religiosity affects the attitudes of communities towards tourism in a sacred city: The case of Jerusalem
چگونه مذهبی بودن بر برخوردهای جوامع با گردشگری در یک شهر مذهبی اثر می گذارد؟ مورد اورشلیم-2018
Sacred cities are not only venerable focal point for tourists; they also mainly attract believers to take up residence in them, creating potential tension between residents and tourists. This study examines the role of religiosity as an influence on the attitudes of communities towards tourism. We examine Jerusalem as a case study, a city sacred to three religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. We focus on the practical inevitability of Jewish resident interaction with a variety of tourists. A survey was used to gauge the impact of tourism on social, economic, and environmental conditions. Participants were asked to identify their level of religious observance. Of the 1776 Jewish residents who participated in the survey, 200 defined themselves as ultra-orthodox, 994 as orthodox or traditional, and the remaining 496 as secular. Socio-demographic variables were measured, including amount of financial benefit gained from tourism. Overall, subjects acknowledged tourism as a contributor to personal benefit and the prosperity of Jerusalem. As such, our findings indicate that religiosity exerts an important influence on community attitudes. Consistent with Social Distance Theory, we found that the more extreme the religious group, measured as self-segregation from external influence, the less affirmative they were towards tourism. The findings also suggest that individuals who profit financially from tourism were more affirmative towards tourism. This connection is explained according to Social Exchange Theory (SET). The latter variable interacts with religious characteristics, suggesting a more complex picture of Jerusalem residents. These results point to a major contribution of religiosity to perceptions of tourism, the implications of which should be considered when planning urban developments, especially those linked with sacred sites or landmarks.
keywords: Resident attitudes |Tourism development |Heritage tourism |Religious affiliation |Communities
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The last round in restructuring the city: Urban regeneration becomes a state policy of disaster prevention in Turkey
آخرین دور در تجدید ساختار شهرستان: بازسازی شهری یک سیاست دولتی از فاجعه در ترکیه پیشگیری می کند:-2016
In Turkey, urban regeneration mirrors a shift towards neoliberal urban policies based on economic strategy- making. The measures in the name of “regeneration for liveable cities” are rapidly transforming the appearance of inner-city areas with great revenue-generating potential. The boundaries of legitimization are described in areas where the process of depression is visible and the social acceptability of the residential population decreases, and at present are under the risk of disasters, mostly in squatter housing areas and dilapidated historical centers. Legal regulations have been reformulating this system since the 1980s so that applications can be supported effortlessly and facilitated through government assistance.This study discusses the final legal regulation, namely Law No. 6306, which is the Law on the Regeneration of Areas Under the Risk of Disasters. The study leans on the hypothesis that: This law has opened a new gateway for a fast and organized system of urban regeneration. Urban regeneration has gained a new momentum with the inclusion of risk identification in a country under the risk of earthquakes. The study methodology begins with a literature review concerning urban regeneration, development of urban regeneration in Turkey, and disaster risk. Second, legal regulations in favor of urban regeneration and Cabinet decisions on risk areas in Turkey are critically examined. Finally, areas that are designated to be under the risk of disasters in Ankara are analyzed based on earthquake risk identification, urban development, and urban policy strategies in favor of regeneration.The findings of the study substantiate the hypothesis. Regeneration is now increasing the resilience of societies to natural disasters. However, the development of the criteria of disaster risk as a reason for regeneration is not mature enough to be a part of a mitigation strategy and an integrated planning approach. While all risk areas are in deprived or squatter housing areas, risk assessment is not so difficult in terms of physical vulnerability. Economic and social vulnerabilities are out of the scope, and there is no regeneration perspective. Thus, the inter- ventions that are performed with this law produce the same results, that is, a single recipe of regeneration which is poorly integrated into a planned urban development strategy. Gentrification is still the unpronounced, yet expected, result.© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1.
Urban regeneration | Disaster risk | Disaster prevention | Squatter housing | Turkey
مقاله انگلیسی
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