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1 |
Decentralization Using Quantum Blockchain: A Theoretical Analysis
تمرکززدایی با استفاده از بلاک چین کوانتومی: یک تحلیل نظری-2022 Blockchain technology has been prominent recently due to its applications in cryptocurrency. Numerous decentralized blockchain applications have been possible due to blockchains’ nature of
distributed, secured, and peer-to-peer storage. One of its technical pillars is using public-key cryptography
and hash functions, which promise a secure, pseudoanonymous, and distributed storage with nonrepudiation.
This security is believed to be difficult to break with classical computational powers. However, recent
advances in quantum computing have raised the possibility of breaking these algorithms with quantum
computers, thus, threatening the blockchains’ security. Quantum-resistant blockchains are being proposed
as alternatives to resolve this issue. Some propose to replace traditional cryptography with postquantum
cryptography—others base their approaches on quantum computer networks or quantum internets. Nonetheless, a new security infrastructure (e.g., access control/authentication) must be established before any of
these could happen. This article provides a theoretical analysis of the quantum blockchain technologies
that could be used for decentralized identity authentication. We put together a conceptual design for a
quantum blockchain identity framework and give a review of the technical evidence. We investigate its
essential components and feasibility, effectiveness, and limitations. Even though it currently has various
limitations and challenges, we believe a decentralized perspective of quantum applications is noteworthy and
likely.
INDEX TERMS: Blockchains | consensus protocol | decentralized applications | identity management systems | quantum computing | quantum networks. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Efficient Quantum Blockchain With a Consensus Mechanism QDPoS
بلاک چین کوانتومی کارآمد با مکانیزم اجماع QDPoS-2022 Quantum blockchain is expected to offer an alternative to classical blockchain to resist malicious attacks laughed by future quantum computers. Although a few quantum blockchain schemes have been constructed, their efficiency is low and unable to meet application requirements due to the fact that they lack of a suitable consensus mechanism. To tackle this issue, a consensus mechanism called quantum delegated proof of stake (QDPoS) is constructed by using quantum voting to provide fast decentralization for the quantum blockchain scheme at first. Then an efficient scheme is proposed for quantum blockchain based on QDPoS, where the classical information is initialized as a part of each single quantum state and these quantum states are entangled to form the chain. Compared with previous methods, the designed quantum blockchain scheme is more complete and carried out with higher efficiency, which greatly contributes to better adapting to the challenges of the quantum era.
Index Terms: Quantum blockchain | consensus mechanism | QDPoS | quantum voting | quantum entanglement. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Power to the people: Applying citizen science and computer vision to home mapping for rural energy access
قدرت به مردم: به کارگیری علم شهروندی و بینش رایانه در نقشهبرداری خانه برای دسترسی به انرژی روستایی-2022 To implement effective rural electricity access systems, it is fundamental to identify where potential consumers
live. Here, we test the suitability of citizen science paired with satellite imagery and computer vision to map
remote off-grid homes for electrical system design. A citizen science project called “Power to the People” was
completed on the Zooniverse platform to collect home annotations in Uganda, Kenya, and Sierra Leone. Thou-
sands of citizen scientists created a novel dataset of 578,010 home annotations with an average mapping speed of
7 km2/day. These data were post-processed with clustering to determine high-consensus home annotations. The
raw annotations achieved a recall of 93% and precision of 49%; clustering the annotations increased precision to
69%. These were used to train a Faster R-CNN object detection model, producing detections useful as a first pass
for home-level mapping with a feasible mapping rate of 42,938 km2/day. Detections achieved a precision of 67%
and recall of 36%. This research shows citizen science and computer vision to be a promising pipeline for
accelerated rural home-level mapping to enable energy system design. keywords: دانش شهروندی | بینایی کامپیوتر | دسترسی به برق | نقشه برداری روستایی | تصویربرداری ماهواره ای | سنجش از دور | Citizen science | Computer vision | Electricity access | Rural mapping | Satellite imagery | Remote sensing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Model-Predictive Quantum Control via Hamiltonian Learning
مدل-کنترل کوانتومی پیشبینیکننده از طریق یادگیری همیلتونی-2022 This work proposes an end-to-end framework for the learning-enabled control of closed
quantum systems. The proposed learning technique is the first of its kind to utilize a hierarchical design
which layers probing control, quantum state tomography, quantum process tomography, and Hamiltonian
learning to identify both the internal and control Hamiltonians. Within this context, a novel quantum
process tomography algorithm is presented which involves optimization on the unitary group, i.e., the
space of unitary operators, to ensure physically meaningful predictions. Our scalable Hamiltonian learning
algorithms have low memory requirements and tunable computational complexity. Once the Hamiltonians
are learned, we formalize data-driven model-predictive quantum control (MPQC). This technique utilizes
the learned model to compute quantum control parameters in a closed-loop simulation. Then, the optimized
control input is given to a physical quantum system in an open-loop fashion. Simulations show modelpredictive quantum control to be more efficient than the current state-of-the-art, quantum optimal control,
when sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is used to solve each control problem.
INDEX TERMS: Quantum Hamiltonian learning | quantum process tomography | quantum control | quantum consensus | quantum networks | quantum computing |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Autoencoder based Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain-enabled Industrial Internet of Things
مکانیزم اجماع مبتنی بر رمزگذار خودکار برای اینترنت اشیاء صنعتی دارای بلاک چین-2022 Conventional blockchain technologies developed for cryptocurrency applications involve complex consensus algorithms which are not suitable for resource constrained Internet of Things
(IoT) devices. Therefore, several lightweight consensus mechanisms that are suitable for IoT devices have been proposed in recent studies. However, these lightweight consensus mechanisms
do not verify the originality of the data generated by the IoT devices, so false and anomalous
data may pass through and be stored in the ledger for further analysis. In this work to address
the data originality verification problem, we propose an autoencoder (AE)-integrated Chaincode
(CC)-based consensus mechanism in which the AE differentiates normal data from anomalous
data. The AE is invoked through the CC once a transaction is initiated; the result returned from
the AE to the CC is stored in the ledger. We have conducted a case study to train and test
the AE model on the IoTID20 dataset. Also, Minifabric (MF) is used to implement the CC and
illustrate the CC operation that stores only original IoT data. Moreover, the performance has
been shown for the CC in terms of latency and throughput.
keywords: IoT | Autoencoder | Blockchain | Hyperledger | Security |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Cultural consensus knowledge of rice farmers for climate risk management in the Philippines
دانش اجماع فرهنگی کشاورزان برنج برای مدیریت ریسک آب و هوایی در فیلیپین-2021 Despite efforts and investments to integrate weather and climate knowledges, often dichotomized
into the scientific and the local, a top-down practice of science communication that tends to
ignore cultural consensus knowledge still prevails. This paper presents an empirical application of
cultural consensus analysis for climate risk management. It uses mixed methods such as focus
groups, freelisting, pilesorting, and rapid ethnographic assessment to understand farmers’
knowledge of weather and climate conditions in Barangay Biga, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.
Multi-dimensional scaling and aggregate proximity matrix of items are generated to assess the
similarity among the different locally perceived weather and climate conditions. Farmers’
knowledge is then qualitatively compared with the technical classification from the government’s
weather bureau. There is cultural agreement among farmers that the weather and climate con-
ditions can be generally grouped into wet, dry, and unpredictable weather (Maria Loka).
Damaging hazards belong into two subgroups on the opposite ends of the wet and dry scale, that
is, tropical cyclone is grouped together with La Ni˜na, rainy season, and flooding season, while
farmers perceive no significant difference between El Ni˜no, drought, and dry spells. Ethnographic
information reveals that compared to the technocrats’ reductive knowledge, farmers imagine
weather and climate conditions (panahon) as an event or a phenomenon they are actively
experiencing by observing bioindicators, making sense of the interactions between the sky and
the landscape, and the agroecology of pest and diseases, while being subjected to agricultural
regulations on irrigation, price volatility, and control of power on subsidies and technologies. This
situated local knowledge is also being informed by forecasts and advisories from the weather
bureau illustrating a hybrid of technical science, both from the technocrats and the farmers, and
personal experiences amidst agricultural precarities. Speaking about the hybridity of knowledge
rather than localizing the scientific obliges technocrats and scientists to productively engage with
different ways of knowing and the tensions that mediate farmers’ knowledge as a societal
experience. keywords: دانش اجماع | پیش بینی آب و هوا | کشاورزی | خطر ابتلا به آب و هوا | Consensus knowledge | Weather forecasting | Agriculture | Climate risk |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Accounting for elephants: The (post)politics of carbon omissions
حسابداری برای فیل ها: سیاست (پسا) انتشار کربن-2021 This paper explores the relationship between accounting, standardisation and politics through the case of a
protest surrounding Manchester’s carbon accountability. Responding to critiques that literature on the relation
between accounting and politics tends to overlook silences and fundamental disagreements surrounding the
‘uncounted’, this paper mobilises the political thinking of Jacques Ranci`ere. In doing so, it joins an emerging
body of literature considering accounting in relation to pluralism and difference. Ranci`ere’s political thought
provides a way to consider the limits of consensus on what should count, the subjectivity in how we count, who is
able to make things count, and how particular regimes of counting are sustained and disrupted. Empirically, this
paper considers the City of Manchester’s carbon accounts and targets at the time of their 2010 Stakeholder
Conference and an activist attempt to declare Manchester Airport as the ‘elephant in the room’. It draws upon
interviews with policymakers, activists, experts and accountants working in Manchester. Mobilising Ranci`ere’s
notion of postdemocracy, I demonstrate how the consensus around standardisation is used to depoliticise dis-
agreements on what emissions should ‘count’ and conclude by offering reflection on how repoliticisation might
occur. keywords: کربن | حسابداری | استانداردهای | سیاست | پسا سیاست | Carbon | Accounting | Standards | Politics | Post-Politics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Criteria for effective regional scale catchment to reef management: A case study of Australias Great Barrier Reef
معیارهای حمل و نقل موثر منطقه ای به مدیریت ریف: مطالعه موردی صخره های بزرگ مانع استرالیا-2021 Many coastal and marine ecosystems around the world are under increasing threat from a range of anthropogenic
influences. The management of these threats continues to present ongoing challenges, with many ecosystems
increasingly requiring active restoration to support or re-establish the ecosystems biological, cultural, social and
economic values. The current condition of Australias Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and its threats, including water
quality, climate change and the loss of wetlands, causing the continuing decline in the GBRs ecological condition
and function, has received global attention. Activities aimed at halting these declines and system restoration have
been underway for over forty years. These activities are challenging to implement, and much has been learnt
from their various outcomes. This paper considers the GBR and the associated management activities as a case
study for regional scale catchment to reef management. It summarises the management approaches to date,
describing the key role that science, policy and community have played in underpinning various investments.
Four criteria for success are proposed: the lead role of the community, the need for a systems approach, the need
for targeted, cost-effective and sustainable long-term investment, and importantly, building knowledge and
maintaining consensus and political commitment. keywords: سیستم های زیست محیطی | تنوع زیستی | حوضه | سواحل | اقیانوس ها | انجمن | تعمیر | انعطاف پذیری | ریف بزرگ مانع | Ecological systems | Biodiversity | Catchments | Coasts | Oceans | Community | Repair | Resilience | Great Barrier Reef |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Hybrid governance and performances of environmental accounting
دولت هیبریدی و اجرای حسابداری محیط زیست-2021 Multiple centers of authority in hybrid forms create conditions of radical openness where questions of value and
fitness are in flux. Environmental accounting is suggested as a condition for steadying hybrid forms and opening
up possibilities for institutional innovations. This paper advances a critical social science analysis of environ-
mental accounting to help specify how, when, and in what ways strengthening accounting capacity advances
hybrid governance. Social studies of accounting argue that accounting systems are contingent on institutions:
rules and social conventions, not only data or science. Our practice-centered analysis of two cases of building
environmental accounting tools to advance high profile institutional innovations in US agri-environmental
governance finds that the systems of rules that structure and legitimize accounting protocols are not pre-
given. The same radical openness that presents opportunities for hybridity also reinforces uncertainties in
building accounting standards. We identify two major frictions: a) Conventions for determining technical
consensus and b) Rules for determining levels of transaction costs. We conclude by identifying a need to think
about hybrid forms critically. Although hybrid forms are an expression of creativity and collaboration, they are
also performances of a certain contemporary political covenant that delegitimizes state-centered governance. The
challenge ahead is to understand when and where hybrid arrangements add to socio-ecological regulation and
where they undermine the possibility of more functional approaches through a performance of seriousness. keywords: حکومتداری محیط زیست | کشاورزی | حسابداری | معیارهای | تغییرات اقلیمی | مسئوليت | Environmental governance | Agriculture | Accounting | Metrics | Climate change | Accountability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Blockchain for Internet of Energy management: Review, solutions, and challenges
بلاکچین برای مدیریت انرژی اینترنت: بررسی ، راه حل ها و چالش ها-2020 After smart grid, Internet of Energy (IoE) has emerged as a popular technology in the energy sector
by integrating different forms of energy. IoE uses Internet to collect, organize, optimize and manage the
networks energy information from different edge devices in order to develop a distributed smart energy
infrastructure. Sensors and communication technologies are used to collect data and to predict demand
and supply by consumers and suppliers respectively. However, with the development of renewable energy
resources, Electric Vehicles (EVs), smart grid and Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, the existing energy sector
started shifting towards distributed and decentralized solutions. Moreover, the security and privacy issues
because of centralization is another major concern for IoE technology. In this context, Blockchain technology
with the features of automation, immutability, public ledger facility, irreversibility, decentralization, consensus
and security has been adopted in the literature for solving the prevailing problems of centralized IoE
architecture. By leveraging smart contracts, blockchain technology enables automated data exchange, complex
energy transactions, demand response management and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading etc. Blockchain will
play vital role in the evolution of the IoE market as distributed renewable resources and smart grid network are
being deployed and used. We discuss the potential and applications of blockchain in the IoE field. This article
is build on the literature research and it provides insight to the end-user regarding the future IoE scenario
in the context of blockchain technology. Lastly this article discusses the different consensus algorithm for IoE
technology. Keywords: Consensus algorithm | Blockchain | Internet of Energy | Smart grid | Vehicle-to-grid |
مقاله انگلیسی |