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نتیجه جستجو - اخلاق

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 183
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Barriers to computer vision applications in pig production facilities
موانع برنامه های بینایی کامپیوتری در تاسیسات تولید خوک-2022
Surveillance and analysis of behavior can be used to detect and characterize health disruption and welfare status in animals. The accurate identification of changes in behavior is a time-consuming task for caretakers in large, commercial pig production systems and requires strong observational skills and a working knowledge of animal husbandry and livestock systems operations. In recent years, many studies have explored the use of various technologies and sensors to assist animal caretakers in monitoring animal activity and behavior. Of these technologies, computer vision offers the most consistent promise as an effective aid in animal care, and yet, a systematic review of the state of application of this technology indicates that there are many significant barriers to its widespread adoption and successful utilization in commercial production system settings. One of the most important of these barriers is the recognition of the sources of errors from objective behavior labeling that are not measurable by current algorithm performance evaluations. Additionally, there is a significant disconnect between the remarkable advances in computer vision research interests and the integration of advances and practical needs being instituted by scientific experts working in commercial animal production partnerships. This lack of synergy between experts in the computer vision and animal health and production sectors means that existing and emerging datasets tend to have a very particular focus that cannot be easily pivoted or extended for use in other contexts, resulting in a generality versus particularity conundrum. This goal of this paper is to help catalogue and consider the major obstacles and impediments to the effective use of computer vision associated technologies in the swine industry by offering a systematic analysis of computer vision applications specific to commercial pig management by reviewing and summarizing the following: (i) the purpose and associated challenges of computer vision applications in pig behavior analysis; (ii) the use of computer vision algorithms and datasets for pig husbandry and management tasks; (iii) the process of dataset construction for computer vision algorithm development. In this appraisal, we outline common difficulties and challenges associated with each of these themes and suggest possible solutions. Finally, we highlight the opportunities for future research in computer vision applications that can build upon existing knowledge of pig management by extending our capability to interpret pig behaviors and thereby overcome the current barriers to applying computer vision technologies to pig production systems. In conclusion, we believe productive collaboration between animal-based scientists and computer-based scientists may accelerate animal behavior studies and lead the computer vision technologies to commercial applications in pig production facilities.
keywords: بینایی کامپیوتر | دامپروری دقیق | رفتار - اخلاق | یادگیری عمیق | مجموعه داده | گراز | Computer vision | Precision livestock farming | Behavior | Deep learning | Dataset | Swine
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The architecture of accounting and the neoliberal betrayal of life
معماری حسابداری و خیانت نئولیبرالی از زندگی-2021
This paper identifies the way in which accounting practices reinforced the increasing influence of the intolerant financial emphasis of the market on the quality of social housing under neoliber- alism when successive British governments gave little importance to the impact of aesthetic and ethical qualities of social housing on the well-being of inhabitants. Social values, most especially safety and beauty, were able to be reinterpreted according to economic logic, thereby denying the need for them to be explicitly considered in any social housing decisions. The study emphasises the way in which the austerity and deregulation agenda of neoliberal policies that had a signif- icant impact on building and fire safety regulations were ultimately justified by financial criteria. The Grenfell Tower fire in 2017 belatedly exposed the way in which the financial and operational visibilities created by accounting practices had become crucial to the successful implementation of the economic logic of the neoliberal agenda and related market priorities of successive British governments, irrespective of the consequences. The paper demonstrates how the Grenfell Tower refurbishment was the apotheosis of neoliberalism; a toxic mix of austerity, outsourcing and deregulation. The focus on value for money in the refurbishment led ultimately to the betrayal of life of the residents.
keywords: حسابداری | برج گرنفل | مسکن اجتماعی | نئولیبرالیسم | فوکو | Accounting | Grenfell Tower | Social housing | Neoliberalism | Foucault
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Code as constitution: The negotiation of a uniform accounting code for U:S: railway corporations and the moral justification of stakeholder claims on wealth
کد به عنوان قانون اساسی: مذاکره در مورد یک کد حسابداری یکسان برای شرکت های راه آهن ایالات متحده و توجیه اخلاقی ادعاهای سهامداران در مورد ثروت-2021
Economic historians of the United States identify the railway industry of the nineteenth century as the birthplace of existing institutions of corporate finance, law, and labor relations (Chandler, 1990; Perrow, 2002; Thomas, 2011). This paper shows that the railway industry was also an important arena for the standardization of corporate accounting in the U. S., and that railway accountants played a significant role in the federal government’s earliest attempts to regulate large corporations. The paper describes how railway accountants worked with the first federal regulator of corporations, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), created by act of Congress in 1887, to create a uniform accounting code for the railway industry. This code was designed by the prominent economist and ICC statistician Henry Carter Adams to serve as a mechanism for the administrative supervision of railway corporations: a “cognitive equivalent of a constitution” (Starr, 1987, p. 53) that would promote economic democracy by protecting the property rights of non-controlling stakeholders in the railway system: shippers who used the trains to send goods to markets, long-term investors in railway shares and bonds, consumers of shipped goods, and members of the communities that the railways connected and employed. Railway accountants working with Adams created the rules for answering “potentially divisive questions of fact” (Starr, 1987, p. 53) about who contributed how much to the assets and profits of the railway corporation, and thus provided moral justification for how claims on those assets and profits were distributed.
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Knowledge and behavior changes in clinician after training of partnership for Diabetes Control in Indonesia
دانش و رفتار تغییرات در پزشک پس از آموزش مشارکت برای کنترل دیابت در اندونزی-2021
Background and aims: One of the main determinants of successful diabetes management is the quality of healthcare provider including general practitioner and internist which can be increased through medical training. This study aimed to describe the changes of clinician’s knowledge and behavior of comprehensive diabetes management training program around Indonesia. Method: We conducted a three-day training program for general practitioners and internists for 3.5 years, 2013 to 2016. All clinicians invited as voluntary participant to send their patient data from medical record. Each participant was expected to submit a minimum of 25 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) set patient data before and 6 months after training program to analyze the impact of program in physician knowledge and behavior related to diabetes management. Result: 120 of 489 voluntary participants submitted completed baseline data with 4676 patient data. Meanwhile, only 32 participants that submitted completed data of 6 months before after training with 886 patient data. Most of parameters were improve before and after program. The greatest and lowest improvement were on A1c measurement (21%) and smoking assessment (2%). Conclusion: Intensive seminar and training was not enough to empower diabetes management. This research might push the creation of clinical practice program that were tailored to each care facilities and integrated within routine care aimed at continual improvement of its healthcare worker.
keywords: آموزش | دیابت | دانش | رفتار - اخلاق | Training | Diabetes | Knowledge | Behavior
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Stages of Knowledge Representation on the Example of the Typology of Interdisciplinarity: Philosophical Aspects
هیچ یک-2021
It is suggested, when creating knowledge management mechanisms to avoid any extremes in their presentation: various "centrisms", hypertrophy in the use of both mathematical and verbal-meaningful knowledge. It is shown that it is important to observe the principle of "ethics of engagement ", which can be implemented on the basis of a productive interdisciplinary synthesis. The stages of knowledge presentation are considered on the basis of the typology of interdisciplinarity. It is argued that the stage of semantisation (conceptualization) of knowledge representation, when creating control systems, should be preceded by the stage of ontologization. It enhances the distinctiveness of knowledge representation. The stage of ontologization is necessary for the construction of more detailed explanatory constructions, due to the greater formalization of the ontological representation, in comparison with the stage of semantisation. It is assumed that the taxonomy stage can become the basis for the ontologization of knowledge representation, for example, in knowledge engineering.
Keywords: ethics of engagement | knowledge representation | typology of interdisciplinarity semantisation (conceptualization) | ontologization and taxonomization stages
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Empathy in phenomenological research: Employing Edith Steins account of empathy as a practical and ethical guide
همدلی در تحقیقات پدیدارشناسی: استفاده از گزارش ادیت استاین از همدلی به عنوان راهنمای عملی و اخلاقی-2021
An ‘affective turn’ has come about in philosophy of mind debates and the notion of empathy is increasingly influential. This could usefully extend into psychological research, particularly in counselling and psychother- apy. Edith Stein’s account of empathy bridges gaps between individual psychological experience, embodied interpersonal emotionality, and our collective social moral order. Her philosophy provides ethical and practical guidance for researchers who seek to understand the meaning of what their participants experience in the flow of intersubjectivity and situated living. Researchers can thereby avoid positioning them as ‘different,’ ‘deviant,’ or ‘dysfunctional.’ Methodologies are recommended, based on Stein’s account.
keywords: یکدلی | ادیت استین | پدیده شناسی | Empathy | Edith stein | Phenomenology
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Time-Driven Activity-based Costing for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparison to Traditional Accounting Methods
هزینه فعالیت مبتنی بر فعالیت مبتنی بر زمان برای بازسازی رباط صلیبی قدامی: مقایسه با روش های حسابداری سنتی-2021
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the cost of care of one of the most common sports medicine surgical procedures, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), using the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method to traditional accounting methods such as activity-based costing (ABC). Our secondary purpose was to identify the main drivers of the cost of ACLR using both of these techniques.
Methods: A process map of ACLR was constructed through direct observation in the clinical setting according to established techniques to identify drivers of fixed, direct variable, and indirect costs. An episode of care consisted of each step in the surgical process from admission to discharge. Personnel costs were combined with the process map to determine the cost drivers and overall cost of the procedure. The cost generated from the TDABC method was compared with the cost from our institution’s internal accounting system, which used an ABC method.
Results: The total cost of ACLR was $5,242.25 when using TDABC versus $10,318 when using the traditional ABC method. The largest difference between the 2 methods was within the domain of direct variable costs.
Conclusions: When compared with TDABC, the hospital’s traditional cost-accounting estimate for ACLR is nearly twice as costly. These findings highlight the variability of cost calculation for the same clinical episode between the 2 accounting methods. For the traditional accounting method, the direct variable cost was the main cost driver, whereas for the TDABC method, the direct fixed cost was the main cost driver.
Clinical Relevance: This study is important because it elucidates important cost drivers for one of the most common sports medicine orthopaedic surgical procedures and attempts to identify the true overall cost of the procedure.
مقاله انگلیسی
8 ارزیابی استراتژیک اخلاق و فرهنگ محلی در شکل‌دهی به توسعه اقتصادی کارآفرینانه در مشاغل مختلف و تأثیر آن بر مدیریت مالی در طول شیوع COVID-19
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 16
فرهنگ و اخلاق شیوه‌های کسب‌وکار را شکل می‌دهند و به شیوه‌ای پایدار رویکرد می‌شوند. بسیاری از مطالعات بیان کرده‌اند که شیوه‌های اخلاقی محلی و سیستم فرهنگ تمایل زیادی به تأثیرگذاری بر فرهنگ سازمانی دارند و می‌توانند محیط کاری مطلوبی را ایجاد کنند که امکان دستیابی به بهره‌وری و خروجی را افزایش می‌دهد. همچنین بیان می‌شود که فرهنگ و جنبه‌های اخلاقی امکان تأثیرگذاری و ایجاد تصمیم‌گیری‌های مدیریتی، ایجاد شیوه‌های جدید را فراهم می‌کند که به توسعه سرمایه انسانی، شکل‌گیری سبک‌های رهبری و غیره کمک می‌کند.
شرکت‌های تجاری مدرن در فضایی بسیار پویا و رقابتی فعالیت می‌کنند که آنها را قادر می‌سازد تا به طور مداوم سازگار شوند. از این رو، موفقیت کلی برای تغییر ابتکارات مبتنی بر محیط، فرهنگ و استانداردهای اخلاقی است که در کشور اعمال می شود. رهبری تمایل دارد فرهنگ سازمان را تقویت کند و همچنین جنبه های مدیریت مالی را در طول بحران همه گیر مانند کووید-19 تقویت کند. هدف این مقاله ارزیابی راهبردی اخلاق و فرهنگ محلی در شکل‌دهی به توسعه کارآفرینی در کسب‌وکارهای مختلف و نیز تحلیل تأثیر آن بر مدیریت مالی در شرایط همه‌گیری است. در اصل فرهنگ و ارزش های اخلاقی در ایجاد برنامه های ذهنی افراد در سازمان امکان پذیر است.
کلید واژه ها: فرهنگ | جنبه های اخلاقی | توسعه کارآفرینی | مدیریت مالی
مقاله ترجمه شده
9 Blockchain and sustainable supply chain management in developing countries
بلاکچین و مدیریت پایدار زنجیره تامین در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2021
Theoretical, empirical and anecdotal evidence suggests that there are more violations of sustainability principles in supply chains in developing countries than in developed countries. Recent research has demonstrated that blockchain can play an important role in promoting supply chain sustainability. In this paper we argue that blockchain’s characteristics are especially important for enforcing sustainability standards in developing coun- tries. We analyze multiple case studies of blockchain projects implemented in supply chains in developing countries to assess product quality, environmental accounting and social impact measurement. We have developed seven propositions, which describe how blockchain can help address a number of challenges various stakeholders face in promoting sustainable supply chains in developing countries. The challenges that the propositions deal with include those associated with an unfavorable institutional environment, high costs, technological limitations, unequal power distribution among supply chain partners and porosity and opacity of value delivery networks.
Keywords: Blockchain | Developing countries | Ethical dilemmas | Institutions | Smart contract | Supply chain | Sustainability | Traceability
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Emotion in strategic management: A review and future research agenda
احساسات در مدیریت استراتژیک: بررسی و برنامه تحقیقاتی آینده-2021
Emotion in strategic management has attracted increasing scholarly interest during the past twenty-five years. Researchers have demonstrated the nature and significance of emotion in strategic management from a broad range of perspectives across different levels of analysis. Given the expanding research on the topic, the time is ripe to synthesize this diverse and multifaceted body of knowledge. In a thematic synthesis of the literature, we address the following questions: how does emotion influence strategic management, and how can the field be further developed? We review emotion constructs used in the extant literature and identify three themes related to how emotions influence strategic management: the nonconscious influence of emotions, emotion regulation, and collective emotions. Based on these themes and our analysis, we propose three areas of future research to inspire the field to develop further: (1) scope conditions of emotion research in strategic management; (2) capturing emotion in strategic management; and (3) the ethics, power and politics of emotions in strategic management.
keywords: هیجانی | ساختارهای احساسی | تأثیر ناخودآگاه احساسات | مقررات عاطفی | احساسات جمعی | Emotion | Emotion constructs | Nonconscious influence of emotions | Emotion regulation | Collective emotions
مقاله انگلیسی
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