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Cultural consensus knowledge of rice farmers for climate risk management in the Philippines
دانش اجماع فرهنگی کشاورزان برنج برای مدیریت ریسک آب و هوایی در فیلیپین-2021 Despite efforts and investments to integrate weather and climate knowledges, often dichotomized
into the scientific and the local, a top-down practice of science communication that tends to
ignore cultural consensus knowledge still prevails. This paper presents an empirical application of
cultural consensus analysis for climate risk management. It uses mixed methods such as focus
groups, freelisting, pilesorting, and rapid ethnographic assessment to understand farmers’
knowledge of weather and climate conditions in Barangay Biga, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.
Multi-dimensional scaling and aggregate proximity matrix of items are generated to assess the
similarity among the different locally perceived weather and climate conditions. Farmers’
knowledge is then qualitatively compared with the technical classification from the government’s
weather bureau. There is cultural agreement among farmers that the weather and climate con-
ditions can be generally grouped into wet, dry, and unpredictable weather (Maria Loka).
Damaging hazards belong into two subgroups on the opposite ends of the wet and dry scale, that
is, tropical cyclone is grouped together with La Ni˜na, rainy season, and flooding season, while
farmers perceive no significant difference between El Ni˜no, drought, and dry spells. Ethnographic
information reveals that compared to the technocrats’ reductive knowledge, farmers imagine
weather and climate conditions (panahon) as an event or a phenomenon they are actively
experiencing by observing bioindicators, making sense of the interactions between the sky and
the landscape, and the agroecology of pest and diseases, while being subjected to agricultural
regulations on irrigation, price volatility, and control of power on subsidies and technologies. This
situated local knowledge is also being informed by forecasts and advisories from the weather
bureau illustrating a hybrid of technical science, both from the technocrats and the farmers, and
personal experiences amidst agricultural precarities. Speaking about the hybridity of knowledge
rather than localizing the scientific obliges technocrats and scientists to productively engage with
different ways of knowing and the tensions that mediate farmers’ knowledge as a societal
experience. keywords: دانش اجماع | پیش بینی آب و هوا | کشاورزی | خطر ابتلا به آب و هوا | Consensus knowledge | Weather forecasting | Agriculture | Climate risk |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Scientific Authors in a Changing World of Scholarly Communication: What Does the Future Hold?
نویسندگان علمی در دنیای متغیر ارتباطات علمی: آینده چیست؟-2020 Scholarly communication in science, technology, and medicine has been organized around journal-based
scientific publishing for the past 350 years. Scientific publishing has unique business models and includes
stakeholders with conflicting interests—publishers, funders, libraries, and scholars who create, curate, and
consume the literature. Massive growth and change in scholarly communication, coinciding with digitalization,
have amplified stresses inherent in traditional scientific publishing, as evidenced by overwhelmed
editors and reviewers, increased retraction rates, emergence of pseudo-journals, strained library budgets,
and debates about the metrics of academic recognition for scholarly achievements. Simultaneously,
several open access models are gaining traction and online technologies offer opportunities to augment
traditional tasks of scientific publishing, develop integrated discovery services, and establish global and
equitable scholarly communication through crowdsourcing, software development, big data management,
and machine learning. These rapidly evolving developments raise financial, legal, and ethical dilemmas
that require solutions, while successful strategies are difficult to predict. Key challenges and trends are
reviewed from the authors’ perspective about how to engage the scholarly community in this multifaceted
process. KEYWORDS: Open access | Peer review | Predatory publishing | Preprint repository | Self-archiving |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Rhyme and reason-using poetry to talk to underserved audiences about environmental change
شعر گفتن و شاعری کردن با استفاده از دلیل و منطق برای حرف زدن با مخاطبان موردنظر درباره تغییرات محیط زیست-2018 The effects and consequences that environmental change will have on our society are not solely dependent on the ways in which the Earth system responds to anthropogenic effects. They are also affected by the way in which our society decides to mitigate against them. Similarly, the way society reacts to global environmental change is not wholly dependent on the scientists that are observing its effects, but is rather the collective responsibility of everyone that is affected by these observations. However, in raising awareness to engender positive change, it is often the most vulnerable communities that find themselves neglected. This study presents a new approach to discussing environmental change with underserved audiences, via a series of facilitated workshops in which participants were encouraged to engage with experts through the creation of poetry. By analysing these poems through an interpretive phenomenological approach, we demonstrate that this creates a powerful way of generating what underserved audiences really know and think about environmental change, presenting a framework through which to understand differently, the lifeworld of these communities.
keywords: Science communication |Public engagement |Poetry |Qualitative research |Climate change |Environmental health |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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What makes you tick? The psychology of social media engagement in space science communication
چه چیزی باعث میشودشماتیک بزنید ؟ روانشناسی تعامل رسانه های اجتماعی در ارتباطات علوم فضایی-2017 The rise of social media has transformed the way the public engages with science organisations and
scientists. ‘Retweet’, ‘Like’, ‘Share’ and ‘Comment’ are a few ways users engage with messages on Twitter
and Facebook, two of the most popular social media platforms. Despite the availability of big data from
these digital footprints, research into social media science communication is scant. This paper presents a
novel empirical study into the features of engaging science-related social media messages, focusing on
space science communications. It is hypothesised that these messages contain certain psycholinguistic
features that are unique to the field of space science. We built a predictive model to forecast the
engagement levels of social media posts. By using four feature sets (n-grams, psycholinguistics, grammar
and social media), we were able to achieve prediction accuracies in the vicinity of 90% using three su
pervised learning algorithms (Naive Bayes, linear classifier and decision tree). We conducted the same
experiments on social media messages from three other fields (politics, business and non-profit) and
discovered several features that are exclusive to space science communications: anger, authenticity,
hashtags, visual descriptionsdbe it visual perception-related words, or media elementsdand a tentative
tone.
Keywords: Science communication | Social media | Machine learning | Psychometrics | Facebook | Twitter |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
ارتباطات علوم قانونی در نظام دادگاهی جنایی: بررسی نظریه و رهنمودهای پیشنهادی برای تحقیق و مطالعه
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 10 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 33 ارتباط واضح در مورد علوم قانونی در تاثیر گذاری و اعتماد مشهود نظام دادگاهی جنایی ضرورت دارد . ارتباطات را میتوان فرایند معنی سازی و ید که مستلزم وجود مولفه های مختلفی چون فرستنده پیام ، خود پیام ، کانالی که از آن پیام فرستاده میشود .
و گیرنده پیام دانست پژوهش هایی که تاکنون در مورد ارتباط میان دانشمندان علوم قانونی و افراد غیر دانشمند در نظام دادگاهی قضایی بر مولفه های مختلف فرایند ارتباط به عنوان هدف مطالعه تمرکز کرده اند . هدف این مقاله در کنار هم قراردادن نظریه ارتباط و پژوهش های پیشین در مورد ارتباطات علوم قضایی به جهت کمک به درک عمیق تری از آن و ایجاد نمای پیوسته تری از کل آن است .این مقاله ابتدا زمینه گسترده تری از نظریه ارتباطات و ارتباطات علمی را به عنوان پیش زمینه ارتباطات علوم قضایی را ترسیم می کند .سپس چهارچئب مفهومی برای سازماندهی پژوهش های قبلی ارائه کرده و آن را برای بررسی نمونه های فعلی پژوهش تجربی و مستند در مورد ارتباطات علوم قضایی به کار می برد . سرانجام ، جنبه های ارتباطات علوم قضایی را که در پژوهش های آینده احتمالا مورد توجه قرار می گیرند. تعیین می کند تا کارآیی ارتباط بین افراد متخصص و غیر متخصص را در این حیطه چند رشته ای بالاتر ببرد .
کلمات کلیدی : علوم قانونی | ارتباطات | اظهار نظر کارشناسی | بررسی مطالب علمی | ارتباطات علمی | الگوی نواقص |
مقاله ترجمه شده |