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نتیجه جستجو - اروپای مرکزی

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 10
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Current account drivers and exchange rate regimes in Central and Eastern Europe
پیش برندگان دحساب جاری و رژیم های نرخ ارز در اروپای مرکزی و شرقی-2021
The paper seeks to determine the factors that drive the current account dynamics of the 11 EU members from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Panel data models are estimated on annual data for the period 1997–2017 and both domestic pull factors and external push factors are included. The models are, as a key innovation, estimated separately for floating and fixed exchange rate regimes. The current account exhibits substantial persistence in both cases. For the floaters, the current account is driven by domestic factors while external factors appear unimportant. For the fixers, the current account is mainly driven by external factors, suggesting there is substantial vulnerability to external developments. The analysis underscores the importance of the exchange rate regime for the drivers of the current account balance in the CEE countries.
keywords: تعادل حساب جاری | رژیم نرخ ارز | سیاست های اقتصادی | مرکزی و اروپای شرقی | Current account balance | Exchange rate regime | Economic policies | Central and Eastern Europe
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Informed conservation management of rare tree species needs knowledge of species composition, their genetic characteristics and ecological niche
مدیریت حفاظت از حفاظت از گونه های نادر درختی، نیاز به دانش ترکیب گونه ها، ویژگی های ژنتیکی آنها و طاقچه های زیست محیطی -2021
Woodland nature reserves must be scientifically assessed so that subsequent management leads to optimal conservation of biodiversity. This entails knowledge of the species composition, the genetics of the local pop- ulations and their ecology. Here we assess Tilia species in the Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP), a large mixed coniferous and deciduous forest in South-Eastern Germany. Tilia occurs here at low density, as in many other mixed forests in Central and Northern Europe. Therefore, results are not only relevant to BFNP but also to other areas. Exhaustive sampling resulted in the collection of 113 mature trees that were genotyped using 20 microsatellite markers, derived from both T. cordata and T. platyphyllos. For the first time, size and aspect of trees, and their community association were contrasted between the species. Genotyping confirmed that T. platyphyllos, T. cordata and their hybrid (T. x europaea) were present in the BFNP and both species deserve conservation. T. platyphyllos has a higher genetic diversity for both sets of markers than T. cordata, confirming earlier work. Both species showed genetic diversity comparable to other populations in Central Europe, which is likely to be sufficient for the maintenance of the species in the short term. However, increasing the number of trees, ensuring local sources are used, and gene flow from surrounding forests over the next decennia may be crucial for long- term survival. Further, within the T. platyphyllos group there was a set of 11 trees that were distinct from the others: they had a lower genetic diversity and were shorter. We hypothesise that these were planted and should not be used for propagation and augmentation. Most saplings analysed appeared to derive from asexual propagation (36 out of 41), although a few (five out of 41) were novel genotypes. This means that, currently, there is some, but rather limited, regeneration. T. cordata was found at a lower altitude and less steep terrain than T. platyphyllos and the hybrid. The hybrid was taller than the two species, while the diameter at breast height was smallest in T. cordata. T. cordata shows a preference for mixed and coniferous forests, while T. platyphyllos occurs mostly in deciduous forests. Our results indicate that biodiversity at the species and genetic level as well as species’ ecology have to be considered in order to guide informed conservation management. These results form the basis to recommend conservation management improving the long-term viability of Tilia in the BFNP and other mixed forests.
keywords: جنگلداری | تیلیا | تنوع ژنتیکی | ترجیح زیستگاه | مناطق حفاظت شده | هیبریداسیون | جنگلکاری | Forestry | Tilia | Genetic diversity | Habitat preference | Protected areas | Hybridisation | Silviculture
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Evolution of Central and Eastern Europe related international business research
تکامل تحقیقات تجاری بین المللی مربوط به اروپای مرکزی و شرقی-2020
This study reviews the presence of articles related to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in Web of Science (WOS). Bibliometric analysis first reveals the trends of CEE-related articles in the areas of international business (IB), management and economics up to 2016. The results show steady growth in absolute and relative numbers after 1990, intensifying since 2010. Second, we conduct topic research using network analysis with blockmodeling. We identify a network of topics and their interrelations over time and used them to periodise the CEE-related research in IB. The most-cited CEE-related IB articles and the main citation path are also presented. The analysis adds to the discussion of how the CEE region is explored in IB research, its contributions, impacts and the challenges facing regional research in the future. In this study, a methodology and framework for performing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on regional IB research is applied.
Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe | International business | Bibliometric network analysis | Blockmodeling | Internationalisation | Transition
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Environmental justice in the context of urban green space availability, accessibility, and attractiveness in postsocialist cities
عدالت زیست محیطی در چارچوب در دسترس بودن ، دسترسی و جذابیت فضای سبز شهری در شهرهای پساجتماعی-2020
This article aims to position post socialist cities in Central and Eastern Europe in the broader debate on urban environmental justice. The article crosscuts through all three dimensions of justice (distributive/distributional, procedural/participatory, and interactional/recognition) in the context of urban green and blue space provision. Environmental justice is still an emerging topic in post socialist cities, constrained by market-orientation and neoliberal trends within society, privatization, and the primacy of private interests. The respective situation in post socialist cities provides insights into the international debate on environmental justice, by highlighting some extremes related to neoliberal and populist governments and very rapid processes that lack long-term democratic consensus within societies. The findings of this study are discussed in the context of a post socialist legacy, which includes broad tolerance for inequalities, a lack of solidarity in society, a lack of responsibility for the public interest, and extreme individualization and disregard for social interests. This has gradually led to the corporatization of local authorities and various business–government coalitions. This setting is more likely to favor business models related to the use and management of urban green and blue spaces than the environmental justice discourse.
Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe | Green and blue infrastructure | Transition economies | Environmental planning | Environmental governance | Neoliberalism
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Validation of novel food safety climate components and assessment of their indicators in Central and Eastern European food industry
اعتبار سنجی اجزای جدید آب و هوای ایمنی مواد غذایی و ارزیابی شاخص های آنها در صنایع غذایی اروپای مرکزی و شرقی-2020
Important insight into the Central and Eastern European food industry, beyond traditional food safety (FS) management and reflects on its food safety climate or the human route of its food safety culture is provided. Novel FS climate self-assessment tool was developed and validated by 65 FS experts from governmental agen- cies, third party certification bodies, food sector associations, universities and food industry. Three original FS climate components: FS knowledge, business priorities and FS legislation, were introduced and their nine components were assessed in nine Central and Eastern European countries involving 470 food companies. FS knowledge was better assessed in big and medium sized than in small companies. Knowledge component was equally assessed as good, irrespective of the FS risk profile of the food company surveyed while certified FS management system was charted by higher FS knowledge scores within a same food company. Business priorities in Central and Eastern European food organizations were related to hygiene and food safety and were always put before profit regardless of the company size. Hygiene and food safety were seen equality as a critical business success factor irrespective of the associated level of riskiness. FS climate legislation component in all food organizations surveyed was assessed affirmatively. Central and Eastern European food companies seemed to avoid problems in cooperation and trust between food safety leaders and other employees, since they have perceived FS climate highly and similarly. EU operating food companies had comparable overall FS climate to non-EU companies mostly because they have equally perceived their business priorities and appropriateness of associated FS legislation. The only exception was the FS knowledge that was better assessed in EU than non-EU food enterprises.
Keywords: Food safety climate | Food safety culture | Knowledge | Legislation | Business priorities | Eastern Europe | Central Europe
مقاله انگلیسی
6 How do turbulent sectoral conditions sector influence the value of coal mining enterprises? Perspectives from the Central-Eastern Europe coal mining industry
چگونه اشفتگی بخش های آشفته بر ارزش شرکت های معدن زغال سنگ تاثیر می گذارد؟ چشم انداز صنعت استخراج معادن زغال سنگ اروپا-2018
The main aim of the article is to estimate the value of and indicate the most significant industrial risk factors associated with the Central-Eastern Europe coal mining industry. The research concerns four coal mining en terprises from Poland, Czech Republic, and Ukraine listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and excavating coal in underground coal mines. According to the research results, the key national risk factors in a book value creation are the coal share in the domestic energy balance and the domestic coal consumption. With respect to external risk factors, the dominant role belongs to coal prices and its substitutes’ prices. Research conclusions allow academics and practitioners to formulate theories on (1) price risk monitoring and hedging, (2) improving and strengthening relations with suppliers and customers, and (3) developing relations with internal and external stakeholders by using CSR assumptions. Such analyses and research contribute to energy economics in the area of value and risk management in mining enterprises. Additionally, it contribute to the non-renewable resources management and could be interesting for managers, investors as well for local governments and communities.
Keywords: Value and risk management in coal mining ، Mining enterprises in Central-Eastern Europe ، Mineral economics and finance
مقاله انگلیسی
7 محیط کارآفرینانه در سطح منطقه ای : مسیری روشن به سمت توسعه اقتصادی اجتماعی پایدار لهستان
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 14 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 20
فرآیند جهانی شدن باعث ایجاد شرایط مناسب برای توسعه پویای مراکز اقتصادی هم در سطح ملی و هم در سطح منظقه ای شده است. بنابر این ، این ممکن است مانعی برای رشد کشور های پیرامون و منطقه شود. در اتحادیه اروپا می توان روند همگرایی را در سطح ملی تأیید کرد. با این حال، در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی همگرایی اقتصادهای ملی از رشد پایدار در سطح منطقه ای و روند همگرایی منطقه ای پشتیبانی نمی کند. این وضعیت اغلب منجر به کاهش منابع کمیاب در مناطق پیرامون می شود، که تاثیر منفی بر پتانسیل کارآفرینی و انکشاف اجتماعی و اقتصادی پایدار می گذارد. در بلندمدت، رشد فضایی نامتعادل می تواند مانع بزرگی برای ارتقا رفاه باشد. در این زمینه، هدف مقاله این است که کیفیت محیط کارآفرینی در لهستان را در سطح منطقه ای و در چارچوب پایداری تحلیل کنیم. این تحقیق برای مناطق NUTS 2 در سالهای 2010-2014 صورت گرفت. کیفیت محیط کارآفرینانه در اینجا به عنوان یک پدیده چند معیاره مطرح است که باید به عنوان یک متغیر نامناسب مورد توجه قرار گیرد. بنابراين، در تحقيق، تحليل مدل معادلات ساختاري (SEM) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مقادیر متغیر پنهان بر مبنای تحلیل عامل ، که اطلاعاتی در مورد توسعه اجتماعی و اقتصادی مناطق لهستانی ارائه می دهد، تعیین کننده شرایط کارآفرینی است. به منظور دسته بندی مناطق برای یکپارچگی و همگن سازی، از روش های قطعه بندی طبیعی استفاده شده است. تحقیق انجام شده، روند بهبود شرایط کارآفرینی در اکثر مناطق NUTS 2 در لهستان را تایید می کند. از منظر فرآیند همگرایی منطقه ای، می توان برخی عوامل مثبت مانند پیشرفت قابل توجه در برخی از مناطق توسعه نیافته را مورد اشاره قرار داد. با این حال، تسلط منطقه مرکزی و تفاوت های قابل توجه بین NUTS 2 هنوز هم نسبتا پایدار و گسترده است. از دیدگاه روش شناسی، مقاله کاربرد پذیری روش SEM را در سطح ملی و منطقه ای با استفاده از داده های آماری ملی نشان می دهد.
کلمات کلیدی: محیط کارآفرینی | کارآفرینی در سطح منطقه ای | تجزیه و تحلیل چند معیاره | مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) | پایداری منطقه ای | لهستان
مقاله ترجمه شده
8 Market power and risk of Central and Eastern European banks: Does more powerful mean safer?
قدرت بازار و ریسک بانک مرکزی و اروپای شرقی: آیا قوی تر به معنای امن تر است؟-2017
As understanding the market power–risk relationship in CEE banking systems is of the utmost importance to policy-makers in these countries, we investigate whether CEE banks must have greater market power to be safer. Our results suggest that more market power reduces the fragility of banking institutions, on one hand, and that banking market concentration tends to make these banks riskier, on the other. Our findings are robust to whatever form of market power-risk relationship and whatever market-power measures we use. More precisely, financial markets perceive CEE banks with more market power as less fragile, while the latter are also better capitalised with respect to the distribution of their returns. Moreover, they are even (much) better capitalised when they hold less-diversified and less-liquid assets and when they operate within a stricter banking regulatory environment, which suggests a risk-stabilising role for diversification, liquidity and the bank regulatory environment in these countries.
Keywords: Banking | Market power | Concentration | Risk | Central and Eastern Europe
مقاله انگلیسی
9 What drives bank performance in transitions economies? The impact of reforms and regulations
چه چیزی باعث عملکرد بانک در اقتصادهای انتقال می شود؟ تأثیر اصلاحات و مقررات-2017
This paper investigates the effects of financial regulations and structural reforms on the cost efficiency of the banking industries of 10 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries for the period 2004–2009. Cost efficiency scores are estimated using stochastic frontier analysis, whilst panel regressions examine the impact of regulation and liberalisation on bank performance using the EBRD transitional reform indicator and the Fraser economic freedom index. By considering both indexes we are able to account for the effects of progress towards more sound banking practices as well as the impact of the credit market, labor market and business sector regulatory regimes on bank efficiency. Our empirical analysis shows that structural reforms on labor and business markets exert a positive impact on bank performance. In line with the public interest view, we find the effect of credit regulation banking on cost efficiency is positive. We also find that better capitalized banks are more cost efficient.
Keywords: Regulation | EBRD transition indicators | Fraser economic freedom index | Bank performance | Central and Eastern European countries
مقاله انگلیسی
10 شکل‌گیری صلاحیت حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 9
این مقاله به بررسی مسأله‌ی شکل‌گیری صلاحیت حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس در بستر فرایندهای آموزشی یکپارچه‌ی اروپا می‌پردازد. ویژگی‌های صلاحیت مدیران مدارس و نیز جهتگیری‌های زمانبندی حرفه‌ای آنها در حوزه‌های انگیزشی، شناختی و فراشناختی به لحاظ نظری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحلیل انجام‌گرفته بر روی برنامه‌ی آموزشی در مؤسسات آموزش عالی کشورهای اروپای مرکزی، استفاده‌ی آنها از رویکردی پیچیده در شکل‌گیری صلاحیت حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس را اثبات نموده است. نویسنده، ویژگی‌های زمانبندی حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس را در این برهه‌ها کشف نمود: در دوره‌ی کارشناسی ارشد دوره‌های تخصصی معتبر در مدیریت مدارس در مرکز آموزش مادام‌العمر در اداره‌ی آموزش دانشگاه پالاکی در اولوموتس جمهوری چک؛ در دوره‌ی کارشناسی تخصصی آموزشی (مدیریت مدرسه) در دانشگاه چارلز پراگ جمهوری چک؛ در چارچوب پروژه‌ی راه‌اندازی‌شده توسط صندوق احتماعی اروپا (EFS) تحت عنوان ارتقای صلاحیت مدیران مدارس در مؤسسه‌ی آموزش و مدارس منطقه‌ی هرادک کرالوف – مدل آموزش حرفه‌ای، جمهوری چک. این نتیجه حاصل شد که مؤسسات آموزش عالی در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی بر ارتقای صلاحیت مدیریتی و آموزشی تمرکز دارند. چنین تأکید شده که پیچیدگی بستر آموزشی و مدرن‌سازی رشته‌ها، امکان شکل‌گیری تفکر و اقدامات مدیران مدارس به عنوان افراد شایسته با آموزش فراگیر که توانایی مواجهه‌ی موفق با وظایف حرفه‌لی با استفاده از پتانسیل آموزشی و فکری خود را دارند، فراهم نموده است.
کلیدواژه ها: زمانبندی حرفه‌ای | مدیر | مدیریت آموزشی | حوزه‌ی آموزش عالی اروپا
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