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نتیجه جستجو - استاکلبرگ

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 13
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Who will take on green product development in supply chains? Manufacturer or retailer
چه کسی توسعه محصول سبز را در زنجیره های تامین به عهده خواهد گرفت؟ تولید کننده یا خرده فروش-2021
: This paper investigates the optimal decisions, profits and social welfare in a green supply chain (GSC) when the manufacturer or retailer conducts green product development. Two Stackelberg game models are constructed here: the manufacturer-led green product development model (MD model) and retailer-led green product development model (RD model), and it is assumed that the green product developer is risk-averse. Then the optimal decisions and members’ profits under two models are obtained. Through comparing them, the results show that the product greenness and leader’s profit are always higher in MD model, but in which model the retail price, wholesale price and follower’s profit are higher/lower is related to the cost coefficient of green product development, the leaders’ risk aversion, and demand uncertainty. Moreover, the risk aversion and demand uncertainty have a negative impact on most decisions and profits, but their impact on followers’ profits under two models and the wholesale price of RD model are still affected by the cost coefficient of green product development. Finally, numerical experiments are used to compare the total profits and social welfare under two models. The results indicate that in most cases, the GSC’s total profit under RD model is higher, but the social welfare under MD model is higher.
Keywords: Green product development | Green supply chain management | Stackelberg game | Risk aversion
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Analyzing a closed-loop sustainable supply chain with duopolistic retailers under different game structures
تجزیه و تحلیل یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته پایدار با خرده فروشان دوپولیستی تحت ساختارهای مختلف بازی-2021
This article investigates a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, two suppliers and two competitive retailers. One retailer sells manufactured products whereas the other retailer sells remanufactured products and takes up corporate social responsibility (CSR). One supplier supplies used products or cores for remanufacturing while the other supplier supplies fresh raw materials for manufacturing new product. The manufacturer sells both new and remanufactured products with different wholesale prices. The paper analyzes the two competitive retailers different game strategies when the manufacturer acts as the Stackelberg leader. It is shown that remanufacturing is a good policy to adopt for the whole supply chain, not only for economical benefits but also for environmental sustainability. Optimal decisions of the proposed closed-loop supply chain and its members are also supported by a numerical example. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out with respect to key model- parameters.© 2021 CIRP.
Keywords: Closed-loop supply chain | Stackelberg game | Remanufacturing | Pricing | Sustainability | Corporate social responsibility
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Multi-party coordination in sustainable supply chain under consumer green awareness
هماهنگی چند جانبه در زنجیره تأمین پایدار تحت آگاهی سبز مصرف کننده-2021
The rapid growth of the green market in recent years has motivated manufacturing companies to operate carbon abatement schemes for better sustainability. This paper investigates sustainability coordination among three major supply chain parties in the context of consumer green awareness by applying a Stackelberg game model. Instead of considering the manufacturer as the only party to operate carbon management schemes, this paper examines a model in which both the supplier and the manufacturer embark on green investment under make-to-order production. Meanwhile, the retailer considers the influence of green consumers on the demand rate and determines the order quantity for the manufacturer. This paper analyses the sustainability and profitability performance of the supply chain under centralised and decentralised scenarios, and applies the quantity discount and cost-sharing contracts to improve supply chain performance. It is shown that greener markets are more profitable and Pareto improvement can be achieved for all parties under a quantity discount contract. High investment cost hinders the company from achieving a higher emission reduction level. Further, increased consumer green awareness can motivate companies to achieve a higher emission reduction level, but not always lead to improved total carbon emission reductions resulting from the increase in product demand caused by green awareness. It also shows the importance of involving suppliers in green investment, due to their high carbon emission during the component production processes. The findings of this research provide theoretical support for supply chain parties to achieve better coordination in balancing profitability and carbon abatement.
Keywords: Multi-party supply chain | Newsvendor model | Stackelberg game | Consumer green awareness | Sustainability development
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Optimal production and pricing strategies in auto supply chain when dual credit policy is substituted for subsidy policy
استراتژی های تولید و قیمت گذاری بهینه در زنجیره تأمین خودکار هنگامی که سیاست اعتبار دوگانه جایگزین سیاست یارانه شود-2021
The Chinese government has proposed a dual credit policy (DCP) as a substitute for electric vehicle (EV) subsidies, which fluctuates the auto market. To investigate the policy substitution influences for the production and pricing strategies, we use Stackelberg game paradigms to model a two-stage auto supply chain. The manufacturer regulated by the DCP produces both EV and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). The retailer sells them to heterogeneous consumers. By backward induction, the optimal pro- duction and pricing strategies are derived for the subsidy policy only (scenario B) and with a joint subsidy policy and DCP (scenario DS). Our findings show, 1) different with only one case in scenario B, the manufacturer and the retailer have three corresponding optimal production and pricing strategies in scenario DS, according to the manufacturer’s Corporate Average Fuel Consumption credit (CAFC credit);2) the demand for the ICEV may also decline like EV as the subsidies are phased out in scenario DS when the manufacturer’s CAFC credit is in balance case; 3) the changes of DCP rules may have different effects on the optimal production and pricing strategies in different CAFC cases.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Auto supply chain | Stackelberg game paradigms | Dual credit policy | Subsidy policy | Production and pricing
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Perishable material sourcing and final product pricing decisions for two-echelon supply chain under price-sensitive demand
تصمیم گیری برای تهیه مواد فاسدشدنی و تصمیمات قیمت نهایی محصول برای زنجیره تأمین دو طبقه تحت تقاضای حساس به قیمت-2021
This paper considers a single product supply chain involving a producer/processor and a retailer. The producer/ processor procures and processes perishable materials such as fruits and milk whose demand are often price- sensitive. We model the dyadic relationship as a Stackelberg game to understand how product perishability and the price-sensitive demand of such products can influence the procurement, production, and sale. The producer/processor is the leader and decides on the processing time of the materials and the wholesale price of the product to maximize profit. The retailer as the follower decides on the sale price of the product and order quantity to maximize profit under a price-sensitive demand setting. Propositions and lemmas for optimality are posed, and the model is validated numerically. Our results suggest that the retailer’s profit cannot be worse than the producer/processor under a price elastic demand. With a high deterioration rate or shrinkage, the producer/ processor should improve the storage conditions or processing capacity within certain constraints for better overall supply chain profitability. Finally, both the producer/processor and the retailer need to consider the price sensitivity of consumers when making pricing decisions.
Keywords: Two-echelon supply chain | Perishable inventory | Deterioration rate | Price-sensitive demand | Stackelberg game
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Joint finance and order decision for supply chain with capital constraint of retailer considering product defect
تصمیم مشترک مالی و سفارش برای زنجیره تامین با محدودیت سرمایه خرده فروش با توجه به نقص محصول-2021
Small retailers usually face difficulties in obtaining bank loans due to inadequate credit history. Traditional commercial loan can be very costly or even unavailable to such retailers. In order to promote the collaboration of the supply chain to gain the mutual interest of all the parties, larger suppliers are generally willing to inter- mediate between retailers and commercial institutions. In this paper, the proper scheme and its efficiency of supplier intermediation in retailer financing are carefully investigated for the case of existing unreliable prod- ucts. By building a Stackelberg game model, we show that the supplier intermediated financing scheme can significantly improve the supply chain partners’ profits. Furthermore, with an elaborate numerical analysis, we demonstrate that the retailer will be motivated to choose the financing strategy only when the loan interest rate is less than a certain threshold. Finally, we explore how the compensation for product defect influences the supply chain partners’ optimal strategies and profits, which show that the proper compensation can realize Pareto improvement of the supply chain.
Keywords: Capital constraints | Supply chain finance | Stackelberg game
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Modelling and simulation of security-aware task scheduling in cloud computing based on Blockchain technology
مدل سازی و شبیه سازی برنامه ریزی کار وظیفه آگاهانه در محاسبات ابری مبتنی بر فناوری بلاکچین -2019
Although a lot of work has been done in the domain, tasks scheduling and resource allocation in cloud computing remain the challenging problems for both industry and academia. Security in scheduling in highly distributed computing environments is one of the most important criteria in the era of personalization of the cloud services. Blockchain became recently a promising technology for integration with the cloud clusters and improvement of the security of cloud transactions and access to data and application codes. In this paper, we developed a new model of the cloud scheduler based on the blockchain technology. Differently to the other similar models, we tried to offload the implementation of the blockchain modules. We developed a novel ’proof–- of–schedule’ consensus algorithm (instead of ’proof–of–work’) and used the Stackelberg games for the improvement of the approval of the generated schedules. The developed model has been experimentally simulated and validated by using the new original cloud simulator. The proposed Blockchain Scheduler was also compared with other selected cloud schedulers. The experiments shows that the applied approach improved significantly the efficiency of prepared schedules, in most cases, simulator returns a schedule with better makespan than existing individual scheduling modules.
Keywords: Cloud scheduling | Blockchain | Stackelberg game | Proof of schedule
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Money-back guarantee and personalized pricing in a Stackelberg manufacturers dual-channel supply chain
تضمین برگشت پول و قیمت گذاری شخصی سازی شده در یک زنجیره تامین دو کانالی سازنده استاکلبرگ-2018
We examine customer returns and pricing strategies in a manufacturers Stackelberg supply chain using game-theoretic models. In the supply chain, the manufacturer sells a high-quality product through an independent retailer, and considers whether or not to open a direct channel to sell a similar but lower-quality product. We discuss how the retailer and the manufacturer with a direct channel should choose their customer returns and pricing strategies. We show that when the retailer implements a personalized pricing strategy (PPS), the addition of the direct channel benefits the manufacturer but always makes the retailer worse off, and this differs from the case when the retailer adopts a uniform pricing strategy. We find that if its net salvage value of the product is positive, the retailer should offer a Money-Back Guarantee (MBG) and implement PPS. In the direct channel, however, the manufacturer may offer an MBG even if the net salvage value is negative, and may implement PPS only if customer satisfaction in the direct channel is low. Under certain conditions, a win-win may result from both the retailers adoption of MBG and PPS and the manufacturers adoption of MBG in its direct channel, while the adoption of PPS by the manufacturer in its direct channel may lead to lose-lose for the retailer and the manufacturer. The implications of customer returns and pricing strategies, as well as the impact of these two strategies on prices, demands, and profits, are discussed.
keywords: Dual-channel |Manufacturer Stackelberg game |Customer returns |Pricing |Product line
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Analyzing a mixed supply chain with a WeChat channel
تحلیل یک زنجیره تامین ترکیبی با یک کانال وی چت-2018
By combining traditional marketing methods with WeChat, this study introduces the WeChat channel into multi-channel supply chain systems. We analyze and compare the profit levels of different supply chain channels. Our results show that retailers tend to open the WeChat channel for increased profits. Whether manufacturers can benefit from the WeChat channel is determined by other factors though. In the multi-channel supply chain setting, when most consumers accept the Internet channel and the WeChat channel, or consumers are insensitive to service and adopt the new WeChat channel, then manufacturers will be able to obtain considerable profits. The results complement traditional supply chain research and offer significant guidance for supply chain channel design.
keywords: Analytical modeling |Demand functions |Economics and e-commerce |Firm strategy |Multi-channel supply chain |Numerical simulation |Policy analytics |Stackelberg game |WeChat channel
مقاله انگلیسی
10 رقبت برسر کیفیت در تجارت شمال - جنوب
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 36
این مقاله سه حقیقت سنتی را درباره رقابت برسر کیفیت بین یک شرکت نوآور در یک کشور توسعه یافته و تولید کننده های مقلّد در کشورهای درحال توسعه را بررسی می کند. اولا" شرکت نوآور ممکن است در کشورهای دارای درآمد پایین به بازار ورود نکند، اما شرکتهای تقلید کننده محصولات عام تولید می کنند. در طرح دوم با تفاوت افقی در محصول، شرکت نوآور ممکن است محصول اصل را صادرات کند و با تولید کننده های محلی تقلید کننده همزیستی داشته باشد. در مورد تفاوت عمودی در محصول، این مقاله شرایطی را مشخص می کند که تحت این شرایط محصول شرکت نوآور ازنظر کیفیت در مدل کورنوت، عالی و سرآمد است. در مدل استاکلبرگ، کیفیت شرکت نوآور همیشه بالاتر از مدل کورنوت است. در طرح سوم، شرکت نوآور ممکن است در بلند مدت از کشور درحال توسعه خارج شود. بقای بلند مدت شرکت نوآور اساسا" بستگی به تمایل مشتریان برای خرید و هزینه تولید در کشورهای درحال توسعه دارد.
کلیدواژه ها: رقابت برسر کیفیت | شرکتهای تقلید کننده | تمایز افقی محصول
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