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Shifting from pay-as-you-go to individual retirement accounts: A path to a sustainable pension system
تغییر از پرداخت به عنوان شما به حساب های بازنشستگی فردی: مسیر به یک سیستم بازنشستگی پایدار-2021 With aging demographics and generous pension programs, the sustainability of the pay-as-yougo (PAYG) public pension system has been often questioned and has motivated policymakers to
enact reforms in many countries. Although mandatory funded Individual Retirement Accounts
(IRAs) appear to be a solution to this unsustainable system, existing reforms usually take place
within the PAYG system by reducing pension benefits. This paper evaluates the effects of PAYG
reforms as well as reforms that switch to the IRA system. Our analysis shows that PAYG reforms
outperform IRA reforms in many aspects. In fact, PAYG reforms achieve higher GDP and yield
higher welfare in the long run. The transition to the steady state is also found to be less
volatile for PAYG reforms. While PAYG generally places a larger burden on future generations,
the positive welfare effect of cross-subsidization dominates the welfare loss. Our findings may
explain why pension reform is a controversial issue in most countries and why we rarely observe
a shift to the IRA system.
Keywords: Pension reform | Individual retirement account | Labor supply | Intensive and extensive margin | Welfare analysis |
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