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The societal impact of big data: A research roadmap for Europe
تأثیر اجتماعی داده های بزرگ: یک نقشه راه تحقیق برای اروپا-2018 With its rapid growth and increasing adoption, big data is producing a substantial impact in society. Its usage is
opening both opportunities such as new business models and economic gains and risks such as privacy violations
and discrimination. Europe is in need of a comprehensive strategy to optimise the use of data for a societal
benefit and increase the innovation and competitiveness of its productive activities. In this paper, we contribute
to the definition of this strategy with a research roadmap to capture the economic, social and ethical, legal and
political benefits associated with the use of big data in Europe. The present roadmap considers the positive and
negative externalities associated with big data, maps research and innovation topics in the areas of data man
agement, processing, analytics, protection, visualisation, as well as non-technical topics, to the externalities they
can tackle, and provides a time frame to address these topics in order to deliver social impact, skills development
and standardisation. Finally, it also identifies what sectors will be most benefited by each of the research efforts.
The goal of the roadmap is to guide European research efforts to develop a socially responsible big data
economy, and to allow stakeholders to identify and meet big data challenges and proceed with a shared un
derstanding of the societal impact, positive and negative externalities and concrete problems worth investigating
in future programmes.
Keywords: Big data ، Research roadmap ، Societal externalities ، Skills development ، Standardisation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Common and distinct brain networks underlying panic and social anxiety disorders
شبکه های مغزی مجزا و مشترک مبتنی بر وحشت و اختلالات اضطراب اجتماعی-2017 Although panic disorder (PD) and phobic disorders are independent anxiety
disorders with distinct sets of diagnostic criteria, there is a high level of
overlap between them in terms of pathogenesis and neural underpinnings.
Functional connectivity research using resting-state functional magnetic
resonance imaging (rsfMRI) shows great potential in identifying the
similarities and differences between PD and phobias. Understanding
common and distinct networks between PD and phobic disorders is critical
for identifying both specific and general neural characteristics of these
disorders. We review recent rsfMRI studies and explore the clinical relevance
of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in PD and phobias. Although
findings differ between studies, there are some meaningful, consistent
findings. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and PD share common default mode
network alterations. Alterations within the sensorimotor network are
observed primarily in PD. Increased connectivity in the salience network is
consistently reported in SAD. This review supports hypotheses that PD and
phobic disorders share common rsFC abnormalities and that the different
clinical phenotypes between the disorders come from distinct brain
functional network alterations.
Keywords : Functional connectivity | panic disorder | resting state | social anxiety disorder |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Social network sites influence recovery from social exclusion: Individual differences in social anxiety
سایت های شبکه های اجتماعی از محرومیت اجتماعی جلوگیری می کنند: تفاوت های فردی در اضطراب اجتماعی-2017 Social network sites (SNSs) have been found to be closely associated with responses to social exclusion
and to impact people with high or low levels of social anxiety in different ways. Our study tested whether
social anxiety, an individual difference variable, affected the association between SNSs and responses to
social exclusion. A Cyberball game was conducted to create social exclusion, followed by a waiting period
during which participants were observed to see whether they would choose to use SNSs. Afterwards,
recovery from participants negative responses to exclusion was measured. Results showed that using
SNSs benefited the highly socially anxious (HSA) group in terms of recovering from disconnection and
feeling a sense of meaningful existence more than the low socially anxious (LSA) group. However, re
covery from disconnection was lower for LSA individuals who used SNSs than those who did not use
SNSs. Our research suggests that SNSs benefited HSA individuals after social exclusion, but hindered the
recovery of LSA individuals.
Keywords: Social network sites (SNSs) | Social anxiety | Social exclusion | Need satisfaction | Connection | Disconnection |Skin conductance level |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Development and Validation of Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users
توسعه و تایید مقیاس اضطراب اجتماعی برای کاربران رسانه های اجتماعی-2017 Although various scales have been developed with the aim of measuring students social anxiety in a
variety of settings, none of the studies has addressed the measurement of social anxiety in social media
platforms. This study describes the process of developing and validating a multidimensional Social
Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users (SAS-SMU) that can be used to assess college students social anxiety
arising from social media platforms. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, data
collected from 174 students were used to provide evidence for validity and reliability of the structure and
its underlying dimensions. A four-dimensional structure emerged: shared content anxiety, privacy
concern anxiety, interaction anxiety, and self-evaluation anxiety. In the second phase, data collected from
510 college students were used to confirm four-factor structure of the 21-item SAS-SMU. The Cronbachs
Alpha coefficients for the dimensions ranged from 0.80 to 0.92, demonstrating a satisfactory level of
reliability. Further validation studies were also conducted and their findings provided. This validated
scale will be a useful tool for both researchers and instructors to assess college students social anxiety as
social media users.
Keywords: Social anxiety | Social media | Social media users | Scale development | Scale validation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
The left middle temporal gyrus in the middle of an impaired social-affective communication network in social anxiety disorder
شکنج گیجگاهی وسط سمت چپ در وسط یک شبکه ارتباطی اختلال اجتماعی عاطفی در اختلال اضطراب اجتماعی-2017 Background: Previous studies on patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD) reported changed
patterns of the resting-state functional connectivity network (rs-FCN) between the prefrontal cortices and other
prefrontal, amygdalar or striatal regions. Using a graph theory approach, this study explored the modularity
based community profile and patterns of inter-/intra-modular communication for the rs-FCN in SAD.
Methods: In total, for 28 SAD patients and 27 healthy controls (HC), functional magnetic resonance imaging
(fMRI) data were acquired in resting-state and subjected to a graph theory analysis.
Results: The within-module degree z-score for a hub region [out of a total of 10 hub regions ranked using the
participation coefficient] named left middle temporal gyrus was impaired in SAD compared to HC, proportional
to the severity of clinician-scored and patient-reported functional impairment in SAD.
Limitations: Most of participants included in this study were undergraduate students in their early-to-mid 20s.
Conclusions: This study showed the importance of functional communication from the left middle temporal
gyrus with other opercular-insular-subcortical regions for better objective functioning and lesser subjective
disability in SAD.
Keywords: Social anxiety disorder | Resting state functional connectivity | Graph theory | Left middle temporal gyrus | Intra-modular communication | Social-affective communication network |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Socially anxious smokers experience greater negative affect and withdrawal during self-quit attempts
Socially anxious smokers experience greater negative affect and withdrawal during self-quit attempts-2016 Despite evidence of a strong and consistent relation between smoking and elevated social anxiety, strikingly little empirical work has identified mechanisms underlying the smoking-social anxiety link. Persons with elevated so- cial anxiety may rely on smoking to cope with more severe nicotine withdrawal and post-quit negative mood states; yet, no known studies have investigated the relation of social anxiety to withdrawal severity. The current study examined the relation of social anxiety to post-quit nicotine withdrawal severity among 51 (33.3% female, Mage = 34.6) community-recruited smokers during the first two weeks following an unaided (i.e., no treatment) cessation attempt. Ecological momentary assessment was used to collect multiple daily ratings of withdrawal and negative mood states. Baseline social anxiety was related to increases in negative affect during the monitor- ing period and remained significantly related to post-quit withdrawal after controlling for negative affect, gender, lapses, and substance use. Persons with elevated social anxiety experience more severe post-quit withdrawal symptoms and increases in negative affect during a cessation attempt and may therefore benefit from interven- tion and treatment strategies geared toward helping them learn to cope with withdrawal and negative affect to improve cessation rates among these vulnerable smokers.© 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Social anxiety | Self-quit | Smoking cessation | Nicotine withdrawal | Negative affect | Ecological momentary assessment |
مقاله انگلیسی |