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نتیجه جستجو - اضطراری

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 62
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Empowering seizure management skills: Knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of school staff trained in administering rescue drugs in Northern Italy
توانمندسازی مهارت های مدیریت تشنج: دانش، نگرش ها و تجربیات کارکنان مدرسه ای که در مدیریت داروهای نجات در شمال ایتالیا آموزش دیده اند-2021
Purpose: The administration of rescue medication at school concerns students for which it may be essential, on doctor’s prescription, to take therapy during school hours. In this case, since the parents are absent, the first rescuer is necessarily the school staff, who should be properly trained because prolonged seizures can cause severe harm and even death.
Methods: Every year, the Local Health Unit ‘‘TO3” in Northern Italy, provides training for school staff to administrate rescue medication at school. From December 2019 to February 2020, the same questionnaire was administered to school staff trained for seizures at the end of the course, while the staff trained for other diseases completed it before the course.
Results: About 60% of the sample (N = 123) had been trained in seizure management at least once in their lifetime. Median knowledge score in subjects with no seizures training was 7 (Q25/Q75: 5/8), while it was 9 (Q25/Q75: 6/10) in subjects with seizures training (p < 0.001). The self-reported level of confidence in their skills to administer rescue medication was high in 10.2% of subjects not trained for seizures and in 62.9% of those trained (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Results suggest that medical training for school staff increases knowledge scores and levels of self-confidence relating to the administration of rescue medication. Moreover, after the training, the school staff changed attitude toward seizures, no longer considering them a problem, and became more aware, less fearful, and more inclined to act in case of need, making school a better place for all students.
keywords: معلم | مدرسه | آموزش | اضطراری | نجات داروها | تشنج | Teacher | School | Training | Emergency | Rescue medication | Seizure
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Efficiency assessment in co-production systems based on modified emergy accounting approach
ارزیابی کارایی در سیستم های تولید مشترک بر اساس رویکرد حسابداری اضطراری اصلاح شده-2021
Emergy accounting in a system with co-production branch is of great scientific interest since each branch cor- responds to a different transformity value. In previous studies, limitations associated with emergy accounting in co-production systems have been highlighted where some “inputs” have to be added to obtain a “useful” product from a “co-product” – giving rise to inaccuracies in the emergy accounting process. To address these method- ological aspects of emergy assessment in co-production systems, a modified physical quantity method (MPQM) – that goes in line with the standard emergy algebra – has been proposed in order to provide a different perspective for accounting co-products efficiency. The robustness of MPQM has been verified by taking the case study of Eucalyptus pulp production and a comparison is made against conventional and energy/exergy weighting methods. As per the results, MPQM was able to provide accurate results for co-production systems as compared with other emergy accounting methods. However, the case of Eucalyptus pulp production was found to be “inefficient” following the MPQM approach. These findings are expected to strengthen the methodological as- pects of emergy accounting based on the physical quantity criterion.
keywords: ظهور | سیستم تولید همکاری | روش فیزیکی اصلاح شده | دگرگونی | ارزیابی کارایی | Emergy | Co-production system | Modified physical quantity method | Transformity | Efficiency assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Knowledge in pre-hospital emergency and risk management among outdoor adventure practitioners in East Africa afro-alpine mountains
دانش در اورژانس قبل از بیمارستان و مدیریت ریسک در میان تمرینکنندگان ماجراجویی در فضای باز در کوه های آفریقای شرقی آفریقا-2021
Introduction: The enjoyment of nature and other benefits of outdoor activities happen amid inherent hazards. This calls for knowledge and competency in emergency and risk management. Practitioners in outdoor activities, such as mountaineering, thus need to be knowledgeable on how to manage risks and attend to emergencies in their practice. The study sought to establish the preparedness of East African mountaineering practitioners in pre- hospital emergency and risk management. It sought to establish their knowledge on prehospital emergency and risk management, based on their age, gender, level of education and refresher training. Methods: The study purposively sampled one hundred and thirty six (N = 136) outdoor adventure practitioners from the Afro-alpine mountain areas in East Africa. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant relationship between the outdoor practitioners’ knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management and their age, gender, level of education, refresher training. Somers’ d was used to test the hypotheses. Results: It was established that the knowledge scores of prehospital emergency and risk management for the mountaineering practitioners was low. It was also established that the knowledge scores of outdoor practitioners were not dependent on their age, gender, and work experience. However, there was a significant relationship between the outdoor adventure practitioners’ knowledge scores and their highest level of education as well as refresher training. Conclusions: The study concluded that there were gaps in the knowledge of prehospital risk management of the East African Afro-alpine mountaineering practitioners. It recommends frequent and regular training and re- certification among outdoor adventure practitioners in order to raise the knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management. African relevance • Identifying prehospital emergency care knowledge by African out- • Prehospital emergency care is not emphasized in the outdoor • With inaccessible health care in African outdoors, there is need for door practitioners can guide planning for training. adventure practice in many African settings. knowledge in prehospital emergency risk management.
keywords: دانش | پیش بیمارستان | اضطراری | کوهنوردی | ماجرا | در فضای باز | Knowledge | Prehospital | Emergency | Mountaineering | Adventure | Outdoor
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Global status of knowledge for the prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among non-dental healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
وضعیت جهانی دانش برای پیشگیری و مدیریت اورژانس آسیب های دندانی آسیب دیده در میان متخصصان مراقبت های بهداشتی غیر دندانپزشکی: بررسی سیستماتیک و متاآنالیز-2021
Objectives: This Systematic Review was conducted to evaluate the global status of the knowledge of prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries among non-dental healthcare pro- fessionals (NDHCP).
Methods: The protocol was designed as per PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020192381). A broad-based search using text-words and MeSH terms was performed in estab- lished databases as per a predefined strategy without any distinction of language and year of publication. Studies without details of the questionnaire, knowledge score, validity and reliability were excluded. Data extraction was performed and risk of bias assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool and a meta-analysis was performed.
Results: The qualitative synthesis included 14 studies between 2009-2020 with nine of them from Asia. Majority of the studies had low risk of bias and reported poor overall level of knowledge. Less than 40% of the NDHCP had received a dental trauma first aid training in six of the 10 studies and majority of the > participants ( 50%) believed that dental trauma training was required in five studies. Less than 36% of the participants were adequately aware of the correct approach towards management of avulsed permanent tooth in five studies.
Conclusion: The knowledge of non-dental health care professionals regarding the emergency manage- ment of traumatic dental injuries was insufficient or low in the majority of studies and the knowledge about prevention was not evaluated. There was a paucity of studies from the countries of Europe and Australia, with wide variability in the study methods, categories of the participants and questionnaire characteristics.
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
keywords: آسیب های دندانی آسیب دیده | اطلاع | دانش | متخصصان مراقبت های بهداشتی غیر دندان | پرستاران | پزشکان | بررسی سیستماتیک | Traumatic dental injury | Awareness | Knowledge | Non-dental healthcare professionals | Nurses | Doctors | Systematic review
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Knowledge and attitudes of emergency medicine physicians and nurses regarding emergency management of dentofacial trauma in pediatric patients
دانش و نگرش پزشکان اورژانس پزشکان و پرستاران در مورد مدیریت اضطراری آسیب های دندانی در بیماران اطفال-2021
Objectives: Considering that the first visit for dentofacial trauma is generally in emergency departments, the awareness and knowledge of the emergency medicine staff regarding the treatment of dentofacial injuries is very important for the prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, education, and self-confidence levels of emergency medicine physicians and nurses concerning the diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial traumatic injuries in pediatric patients.
Methods: This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study included emergency medicine physicians and emergency medicine nurses. The survey contained questions and three sections on participants’ general data, attitudes, basic knowledge, and confidence levels in managing dentofacial trauma.
Results: A total of 407 participants (250 emergency medicine physicians and 157 emergency medicine nurses) were included in this study. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding the correct answers to the questions about trauma management and emergency management of crown fractures and avulsed permanent teeth (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings show that there is a lack of information on dentofacial trauma for emergency medicine physicians and nurses. In order to increase knowledge in this area and to improve the diagnosis and management of dentofacial trauma, interdisciplinary seminars, case discussions, and continuing education programs should be held for emergency medicine staff.
keywords: آسیب های دندانی آسیب دیده | ترومای دندانپزشکی | اضطراری | پرستاران | پزشکان | Traumatic dental injuries | Dentofacial trauma | Emergency | Nurses | Physicians
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Applying emergy and decoupling analysis to assess the sustainability of China’s coal mining area
استفاده از تحلیل اضطراری و جداسازی برای ارزیابی پایداری منطقه استخراج زغال سنگ چین-2020
The sustainable development of coal mining area continues to be one of the most topical issues in the world. Taking Shainxi Province as a case, this study applies emergy and decoupling analysis to build a multi-index sustainability evaluation system and constructs an emergy decoupling index to investigate the sustainability of a coal mining area in China during 2006e2015. It overcomes the problem of the unification of the traditional evaluation index system and integrates the influence of economic development, resources, the environment, and energy. The study finds that the coal mining area still depends on its coal resources. The sustainability of the coal mining area is still at a low level, and it is not sustainable in the long term. The economic growth still has a strong negative decoupling from the environmental loss. Energy management system and circular economic system should be built to improve the coal mining area’s sustainability. In the long run, the coal mining industry should gradually be abandoned. Based on China’s growing energy consumption, the findings of this study may not only serve as a reference for management to improve the sustainability of the coal mining areas but also to address China’s energy shortage problem.
Keywords: Sustainability | Emergy analysis | Decoupling | Coal mining area
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Comparison of the impacts of empirical power-law dispersion schemes on simulations of pollutant dispersion during different atmospheric conditions
مقایسه تأثیر برنامه های پراکندگی قانون تجربی قدرت در شبیه سازی پراکندگی آلاینده در شرایط جوی مختلف-2020
Accurate and rapid predictions of air pollutant dispersion are important for effective emergency responses after sudden air pollution accidents (SAPA). Notably, dispersion parameters (σ) are the key variables that influence the simulation accuracy of dispersion models. Empirical dispersion schemes based on power-law formulas are probably appropriate choices for simulations in SAPA because of the requirement for only routine meteorological data. However, performance comparisons of different schemes are lacking. In this study, the performances during simulations of air pollutant dispersion of four typical empirical parameterised schemes, i.e. BRIGGS, SMITH, Pasquill-Gifford, and Chinese National Standard (CNS), were investigated based on the GAUSSIAN plume model with datasets for the classic Prairie Grass experiments, 1956. The performances when simulating peak and overall concentrations in different Pasquill atmospheric stability classes (A, B, C, D, E, F) were quantitatively analysed through different statistical approaches. Results showed that the performances of four schemes for peak and overall concentrations were basically consistent. Scheme CNS in unstable atmospheric conditions (A, B, and C) performed significantly better than the others according to performance criteria, which included the lowest mean of absolute value of fractional biases, lowest normalised mean square errors, and largest mean values of the fraction within a factor of two when predicting peak and overall concentrations, respectively. Schemes BRIGGS and P-G exhibited slightly better performances during the neutral condition (D) followed by scheme CNS. Schemes SMITH and CNS demonstrated slight merits in predicting concentrations compared to the other schemes during stable conditions (E and F). As a whole, scheme CNS generally performed well for the different atmospheric stability classes. These analysis results can help to fill in the data gaps and improve our understanding of the influence of typical power-law function schemes on simulations of air pollutant dispersion. The results are expected to provide scientific support for air pollution predictions, especially during emergency responses to SAPA.
Keywords: Empirical power-law dispersion schemes | Atmospheric stability | Performance evaluation | Statistical analysis | Emergency response | Sudden air pollution accidents
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Does government information release really matter in regulating contagionevolution of negative emotion during public emergencies? From the perspective of cognitive big data analytics
آیا انتشار اطلاعات دولتی در تنظیم تکامل منفی احساسات منفی در مواقع اضطراری عمومی اهمیت دارد؟ از منظر تجزیه و تحلیل داده های بزرگ شناختی-2020
The breeding and spreading of negative emotion in public emergencies posed severe challenges to social governance. The traditional government information release strategies ignored the negative emotion evolution mechanism. Focusing on the information release policies from the perspectives of the government during public emergency events, by using cognitive big data analytics, our research applies deep learning method into news framing framework construction process, and tries to explore the influencing mechanism of government information release strategy on contagion-evolution of negative emotion. In particular, this paper first uses Word2Vec, cosine word vector similarity calculation and SO-PMI algorithms to build a public emergenciesoriented emotional lexicon; then, it proposes a emotion computing method based on dependency parsing, designs an emotion binary tree and dependency-based emotion calculation rules; and at last, through an experiment, it shows that the emotional lexicon proposed in this paper has a wider coverage and higher accuracy than the existing ones, and it also performs a emotion evolution analysis on an actual public event based on the emotional lexicon, using the emotion computing method proposed. And the empirical results show that the algorithm is feasible and effective. The experimental results showed that this model could effectively conduct fine-grained emotion computing, improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of sentiment classification. The final empirical analysis found that due to such defects as slow speed, non transparent content, poor penitence and weak department coordination, the existing government information release strategies had a significant negative impact on the contagion-evolution of anxiety and disgust emotion, could not regulate negative emotions effectively. These research results will provide theoretical implications and technical supports for the social governance. And it could also help to establish negative emotion management mode, and construct a new pattern of the public opinion guidance.
Keywords: Government information release | Cognitive big data analytics | E-government | Sentiment analysis | Public emergency events
مقاله انگلیسی
9 IEC 61850 based energy management system using plug-in electric vehicles and distributed generators during emergencies
IEC 61850 سیستم مدیریت انرژی مبتنی بر IEC با استفاده از وسایل نقلیه الکتریکی پلاگین و ژنراتور توزیع شده در مواقع اضطراری-2020
During emergencies, alternative power system operation that utilizes local assets to energize local loads will change the face of the situation. While distributed generators (DGs) such as PV or wind turbines can be utilized for generation, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can act as mobile generators. Different strategies for forming dynamic and networked microgrids utilizing the local generation during emergencies have been widely proposed in literature. However, the underlying communication required for optimal formation of dynamic microgrids and energy management during emergencies is not discussed. Addressing this gap, this paper develops a communication- based energy management system for emergency cases based on IEC 61850 standard. The IEC 61850 based communication modeling provides interoperability and serves for plug-and-play purposes. Furthermore, for establishing communication during emergencies the concept of Cognitive Radio (CR) is proposed in this scheme. Simulation results show the feasibility of modeling and acceptability of its performance.
Keywords: Emergency | Microgrid | Plugged in Electric Vehicle (PEV) | Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) | IEC 61850 and Communication modeling
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Scottish mental health and capacity law: The normal, pandemic and ‘new normal’
بهداشت روانی و قانون ظرفیت اسکاتلند: نرمال ، همه گیر و عادی جدید-2020
A states real commitment to its international human rights obligations is never more challenged than when it faces emergency situations. Addressing actual and potential resourcing pressures arising from the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in, amongst other things, modifications to Scottish mental health and capacity law and the issuing of new guidance relating to associated practice. Whether these emergency or ordinary measures are invoked during the crisis there are potential implications for the rights of persons with mental illness, learning disability and dementia notably those relating to individual autonomy and dignity. This article will consider areas of particular concern but how strict adherence to the legal, ethical and human rights framework in Scotland will help to reduce the risk of adverse consequences.
Keywords: COVID-19 | Scotland | Mental health and capacity law | Emergency measures | Human rights
مقاله انگلیسی
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