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نتیجه جستجو - اعتقاد

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 54
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Deep belief network-based hybrid model for multimodal biometric system for futuristic security applications
مدل ترکیبی مبتنی بر باور عمیق برای سیستم بیومتریک چند حالته برای برنامه های امنیتی آینده-2021
Biometrics is the technology to identify humans uniquely based on face, iris, and fingerprints, etc. Biometric authentication allows the person recognition automatically on the basis of behavioral or physiological charac- teristics. Biometrics are broadly employed in several commercial as well as the official identification systems for automatic access control. This paper introduces the model for multimodal biometric recognition based on score level fusion method. The overall procedure of the proposed method involves five steps, such as pre-processing, feature extraction, recognition score using Multi- support vector neural network (Multi-SVNN) for all traits, score level fusion, and recognition using deep belief neural network (DBN). The first step is to input the training images into pre-processing steps. Thus, the pre-processing of three traits, like iris, ear, and finger vein is done. Then, the feature extraction is done for each modality to extract the features. After that, the texture features are extracted from pre-processed images of the ear, iris, and finger vein, and the BiComp features are acquired from individual images using a BiComp mask. Then, the recognition score is computed based on the Multi-SVNN classifier to provide the score individually for all three traits, and the three scores are provided to the DBN. The DBN is trained using the chicken earthworm optimization algorithm (CEWA). The CEWA is the integration of the chicken swarm optimization (CSO), and earthworm optimization algorithm (EWA) for the optimal authentication of the person. The analysis proves that the developed method acquired a maximal accuracy of 95.36%, maximal sensitivity of 95.85%, and specificity of 98.79%, respectively.
Keywords: Multi-modal Bio-metric system | Chicken Swarm Optimization | Earthworm Optimization algorithm | Deep Belief Network | Multi-SVNN
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Magic, Bayes and wows: A Bayesian account of magic tricks
جادو، بیز و واو: شرح بیزی از ترفندهای جادویی-2021
Magic tricks have enjoyed an increasing interest by scientists. However, most research in magic focused on isolated aspects of it and a conceptual understanding of magic, encompassing its distinct components and va- rieties, is missing. Here, we present an account of magic within the theory of Bayesian predictive coding. We present the “wow” effect of magic as an increase in surprise evoked by the prediction error between expected and observed data. We take into account prior knowledge of the observer, attention, and (mis-)direction of perception and beliefs by the magician to bias the observer’s predictions and present a simple example for the modelling of the evoked surprise. The role of misdirection is described as everything that aims to maximize the surprise a trick evokes by the generation of novel beliefs, the exploitation of background knowledge and attentional control of the incoming information. Understanding magic within Bayesian predictive coding allows unifying all aspects of magic tricks within one framework, making it tractable, comparable and unifiable with other models in psychology and neuroscience.
keywords: شعبده بازي | سورپرایز بیزی | برنامه نویسی پیش بینی شده | سوء تفاهم | توجه | Magic | Bayesian surprise | Predictive coding | Misdirection | Attention
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Narrative accounting for mining in Ghana: An old defence against a new threat?
حسابداری روایت برای معدن در غنا: دفاع قدیمی در برابر یک تهدید جدید؟-2021
This article is concerned with aspects of how accounting and accountants figure in economics and policy issues related to mineral and fossil fuel extraction, production and use. Starting by appraising whether narrative ac- counting by a transnational mining corporation is attuned to the people working or living in an area affected by the mining operations, it goes on to considering how data, calculations and communications pertaining to sus- tainability are applied. This includes what connections the people involved perceive between accounting and sustainability. Data were obtained through qualitative fieldwork in and around the Damang Mine in Ghana, comprising interviews with employees and in the community, and analysis of documents. Corporation executives use narrative accounting to back claims that they invest hugely in sustainability, so having, in their words, a social licence to operate from host community stakeholders. This reflects accounting figuring in resource allocation choices, including in terms of how shareholder capital is managed to generate greater societal value and to operate sustainably. However, although many local people see themselves as deriving some benefit from the socio-economic activities of the mining corporation, they see accounting as not their business, being more economic than environmental or social. The inference is that accounting continues to serve purposes of man- agement control of production, distributing value-added in favour of capital providers and managing image reflected in the notion of having a social licence to operate. Despite their belief that accounting and accountants having roles to play in sustainability, they generally cannot identify these roles. These findings imply that, if account providers are serious about being corporately responsible towards affected people, they must do more to ensure that environmental and social aspects receive enough attention to convince those people that they are truly being engaged with on equal terms, in addition to convincing a wider audience that the reports they produce are reliable and relevant to sustainability in practice.
keywords: پایداری | حسابداری | غانیان | بخش معدن | مجوز اجتماعی | Sustainability | Accounting | Ghanaians | Mining sector | Social licence
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Capturing causality and bias in human action recognition
ثبت علیت و سوگیری در تشخیص عمل انسان-2021
Human action recognition using various sensors is a mandatory component of autonomous vehicles, humanoid robots, and ambient living environments. A particular interest is the detection and recognition of falls. In this paper, we propose the use of temporal convolution networks guided by knowledge distilla- tion for detecting falls and recognizing types of falls using accelerometer data. Tri-axial accelerometers attached to the body measure the acceleration of the body joints when an action occurs. These data are used for pattern analysis and body action recognition. We demonstrate the existence of biases caused by soft biometrics when recognizing human body actions. We introduce a causal network to capture the influences of biases on system performance and illustrate how knowledge distillation can be applied to mitigate the bias effect. Crown Copyright © 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Machine learning | Decision support | Human action recognition | Machine reasoning | Belief networks
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Knowledge, beliefs and management of childhood fever among nurses and other health professionals: A cross-sectional survey
دانش، باورها و مدیریت تب دوران کودکی در پرستاران و سایر متخصصان بهداشت و درمان: یک مرور مقطعی-2021
Background: Fever phobia, the unfounded fear regarding the potential harms of fever in children, has been internationally documented among parents. This fear causes anxiety in parents and health professionals are regularly consulted for advice. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, beliefs and recommended treatments among Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians in the management of febrile children. Design, setting and participants: This was an online cross-sectional survey of Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians designed to evaluate the knowledge and preferred recommendations in the management of febrile children. Methods: The health professionals were recruited via Facebook. Demographic information, knowledge, beliefs and preferred treatments were collected through the online survey, and responses were compared across professions. Results: Of the 839 health professionals who completed the survey, 52.0% correctly identified a fever as 38 ◦C or above. Overall, 23.6% underestimated the temperature that constitutes a fever. Respondents reported concerns leaving fever untreated in children, with dehydration (65.1%), seizures (65.2%), serious illness (34.4%) and brain damage (29.9%) the most common concerns. Pharmacists were more likely to hold these concerns. The beliefs that reducing a child’s fever with medication will reduce the risk of harm (34.7%) and prevent febrile convulsions (51.1%) were prevalent among respondents. These beliefs were more common among pharmacists. Pharmacists were also more likely to recommend parents monitor a child’s temperature (48.5%) and give medication to reduce fever (64.6%). Conclusions: Australian nurses, pharmacists, general practitioners and paediatricians reported many mis- conceptions surrounding the definition of fever, the potential harms of fever and its management, which may perpetuate parental fears. These misconceptions were most common among pharmacists. Continuing profes- sional development is essential to ease unfounded concerns and ensure the safe and judicious care of febrile children.
keywords: تب | کودک | پرستاران | داروسازان | پزشکان عمومی | مرورها و پرسشنامه ها | Fever | Child | Nurses | Pharmacists | General practitioners | Paediatricans | Surveys and questionnaires
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Beliefs influencing students’ career choices in Sweden and reasons for not choosing the accounting profession
اعتقادات بر روی انتخاب های حرفه ای دانشجویان در سوئد و دلایل انتخاب حرفه ای حسابداری تاثیر می گذارد-2021
This study, employing the simplified Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), investigates student beliefs that influence their attitudes and subjective norms, leading them to not choose the accounting profession in Sweden. Questionnaires were sent electronically to first-year and second-year university students, and, after applying the exclusion criteria, the sample size comprised 228 students. The results reaffirmed the simplified TRA model and revealed that both behavioral (no personal interest in accounting, a boring profession, and higher salaries in other occupations) and normative beliefs (the influence of teachers and peers), through personal attitudes and subjective norms, influenced students’ decision to avoid the accounting profession. The findings suggest that accounting departments and business school faculties should recruit professional accountants and invite Swedish professional accounting bodies to create supportive activities that will motivate and help students learn more about the profession. Furthermore, accounting teachers should be more practical and equipped with engaging pedagogical techniques, and mandatory internships and seminars should be included in the school curriculum. It is also suggested that these implications should be positively communicated through social media.
keywords: تئوری اقدام منطقی (TRA) | دانش آموزان | اعتقادات | نگرش های | سوئد | حرفه حسابداری | Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) | Students | Beliefs | Attitudes | Sweden | Accounting profession
مقاله انگلیسی
7 An assessment of probabilistic disaster in the oil and gas supply chain leveraging Bayesian belief network
ارزیابی فاجعه احتمالی در زنجیره تأمین نفت و گاز با استفاده از شبکه اعتقادی بیزی-2021
The oil and gas supply chain (OGSC) is considered to have one of the most significant stakes in the U.S. economy because of its interconnectedness with supply chains in other sectors, such as health and medicine, food, heavy manufacturing, and services. While oil and gas development is expanding exponentially, various factors ranging from man-made to natural disasters can hinder OGSC processes, which, in turn, can result in inefficient and costly operations in other sectors. This study presents a Bayesian Network (BN) model to predict and assess disasters in the OGSC based on seven main factors: technical, economic, social, political, safety, environmental, and legal. BBN is a probabilistic graphical model that is predominantly used in risk analysis to illustrate and assess probabilistic relationships among different variables. To draw meaningful managerial insights into the proposed model, sensitivity analysis and belief propagation are used. The results indicate that of the seven factors responsible for OGSC disasters, technical factors have the highest impact while legal and political factors have the lowest.
Keywords: Oil and gas | Supply chain | Disaster assessment | Bayesian network | Resilience
مقاله انگلیسی
8 “I didn’t know what I could do”: Behaviors, knowledge and beliefs, and social facilitation after distal radius fracture
"من نمی دانستم چه کاری می توانم انجام دهم": رفتارها، دانش و باورها، و تسهیل اجتماعی پس از شکستگی رادیوس دیستال-2021
Background: Biomedical models have limitations in explaining and predicting recovery after distal radius fracture (DRF). Variation in recovery after DRF may be related to patients’ behaviors and beliefs, factors that can be framed using a lens of self-management. We conceptualized the self-management process using social cognitive theory as reciprocal interactions between behaviors, knowledge and beliefs, and social facilitation. Understanding this process can contribute to needs identification to optimize recovery. Purpose: Describe the components of the self-management process after DRF from the patient’s perspec- tive. Study design: Qualitative descriptive analysis. Methods: Thirty-one adults aged 45-72 with a unilateral DRF were recruited from rehabilitation centers and hand surgeons’ practices. They engaged in one semi-structured interview 2-4 weeks after discon- tinuation of full-time wrist immobilization. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques, including codes derived from the data and conceptual framework. Codes and categories were organized using the three components of the self-management process. Results: Participants engaged in medical, role, and emotional management behaviors to address multidi- mensional sequelae of injury, with various degrees of self-direction. They described limited knowledge of their condition and its medical management, naive beliefs about their expected recovery, and uncer- tainty regarding safe movement and use of their extremity. They reported informational, instrumental, and emotional support from health care professionals and a broader circle. Conclusions: Descriptions of multiple domains of behaviors emphasized health-promoting actions beyond adherence to medical recommendations. Engagement in behaviors was reciprocally related to partici- pants’ knowledge and beliefs, including illness and pain-related perceptions. The findings highlight rel- evance of health behavior after DRF, which can be facilitated by hand therapists as part of the social environment. Specifically, hand therapists can assess and address patients’ behaviors and beliefs to sup- port optimal recovery. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
keywords: اعتقاد | درمان دست | رفتار بهداشتی | کیفی | محیط اجتماعی | Belief | Hand therapy | Health behavior | Qualitative | Social environment
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Development of a knowledge-based tool for waste management of prefabricated steel structure projects
توسعه یک ابزار مبتنی بر دانش برای مدیریت زباله پروژه های ساختمانی فولاد پیش ساخته-2021
Although the construction industry is critical for sustainability goals due to the high amount of waste it gen- erates, its waste management performance is still not at the desired level. One of the main reasons for this can be attributed to the lack of enough knowledge of construction companies on the sources/reasons of waste and amount of waste. The major aim of this study was to develop a knowledge-based tool for capturing, storing, and disseminating waste-related knowledge for prefabricated steel construction projects. The developed tool can be used for waste estimation, monitoring, and minimization of all materials used during different phases of pre- fabricated steel structure projects based on the data captured from current and previous projects. One advantage of the tool is the integration of all processes of waste management, which have been usually considered inde- pendently in previous studies. Moreover, being a knowledge-based tool, it can increase awareness and learning ability of companies about waste and its management. Finally, although the process model of the tool is generic and can operate in alternative domains, the tool is applicable for only prefabricated steel projects. It is believed that the process model and the tool presented in this paper can be further customized for different project types and considering different company needs.
keywords: ابزار مدیریت زباله مبتنی بر دانش | پروژه های ساختمانی فولاد پیش ساخته | صنعت ساخت و ساز | زباله های مواد | ابزار مبتنی بر وب | Knowledge-based waste management tool | Prefabricated steel structure projects | Construction industry | Material waste | Web-based tool
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Public beliefs about the accuracy and importance of forensic evidence in the United States
اعتقادات عمومی درباره صحت و اهمیت شواهد پزشکی قانونی در ایالات متحده-2020
Recent advances in forensic science, especially the use of DNA technology, have revealed that faulty forensic analyses may have contributed to miscarriages of justice. In this study we build on recent research on the general public’s perceptions of the accuracy of 10 forensic science techniques and of each stage in the investigation process. We find that individuals in the United States hold a pessimistic view of the forensic science investigation process, believing that an error can occur about half of the time at each stage of the process. We find that respondents believe that forensics are far from perfect, with accuracy rates ranging from a low of 55% for voice analysis to a high of 83% for DNA analysis, with most techniques being considered between 65% and 75% accurate. Nevertheless, respondents still believe that forensic evidence is a key part of a criminal case, with nearly 30% of respondents believing that the absence of forensic evidence is sufficient for a prosecutor to drop the case and nearly 40% believing that the presence of forensic evidence – even if other forms of evidence suggest that the defendant is not guilty – is enough to convict the defendant.
Keywords: forensic science | forensic evidence | CSI effect | public perceptions
مقاله انگلیسی
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